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Nitrogen kinetics in growing sheep consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium or Calliandra calothyrsus as a sole diet Widiawati, Yeni; Winugroho, M; Teleni, E
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The utilization of protein feed by animals are influenced by the process of its degradation in the rumen and its digestion in the intestine. The extent of its degradation and digestion are influenced by the form of protein and the present of secondary compound in the plant. The aim of the study was to determine the amont of protein in the three leguminouse shrubs utilized by the animals. The study on the utilization of protein from leguminouse shrub was undertaken by investigate the nitrogen kinetic in 24 head of growing sheep (BW 23kg) consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra callothyrsus leaves and Rhodes grass hay. The diets were fed every two hours starting at 07:00 am. The animals were divided into four groups of dietary treatment namely LL, GS, CC and CG groups which were fed by Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra dan Rhodes grass leaves, respectively. The Rhode grass, as control diet, was mixed with 1.4% of urea to increase the nitrogen offered to the animals up to 150 g/day. Thus all the four diets were offered the same amount of nitrogen/day. Measurements were undertaken on feed utilization and nitrogen kinetics in experimental animals. The amount of nitrogen consumed then undegraded in the rumen as well as undigested in the intestine was significant higher in CC group (P < 0.01) then those in LL, GS and CG groups. The value was 67% for CC group then followed by 35% for LL group and 33% for GS group. The amount of nitrogen degraded in the rumen thus lost in urine was significantly higher in animals fed GS and LL leaves compared to those in animals fed CC diet (P < 0.01). The values were 46% for GS and LL group and only 16% for CC group. The amount of nitrogen retained by the animals was similar among the three groups being 17-21% (P > 0.05). The Plasma urea concentration, urea entry rate and urea in urine animals were similar in LL and GS groups but higher than those in CC group. The values were 0.86; 0.8; 0.46 mg/ml (P < 0.01) and 79; 78; 50 g/d (P < 0.01) and 26.7; 24.5; 7.3 g/d (P < 0.01) for LL, GS and CC groups, respectively. The conclusion is most of nitrogen from Calliandra was un-degraded and un-digested in the rumen and intestine thus excreted through feces, while most of the protein in Leucaena and Gliricidia was degraded in the rumen thus excreted through urine. Key Words: Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra, Nitrogen-Kinetics, Urea Entry Rate

Acetoanaerobium noterae bacteria addition in the diet on methane production and performance of sheep Thalib, Amlius; Widiawati, Yeni
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A study on utilization of Acetoanaerobium noterae to decrease enteric methane production through feeding trial using sheep has been conducted. Animals used were young, male composite breed sheep with an initial liveweight of 19.1 kg. Twenty four animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups of dietary treatment and each group consisted of 8 animals. The diet fed to the animals were elephant grass (ad libitum) and the commercial concentrate containing 16% crude protein (200 g headâ1 dayâ1). The treatments were (I). Control (K); (II). K + Cultural Preparate of A. noterae (SKAn); and (III). K + SKAn + Aksapon SR (as defaunator). Feeding trials was conducted for 12 weeks. The measurements observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, dry matter digestibility, rumen ecosystem, and enteric methane production. In vivo dry matter digestibility was measured by collecting the faeces and urine of the animals kept in metabolism cages for 7 days effective period. The results showed that effectivity of A. noterae action as methanogenesis inhibitor was improved when it was combined with defaunator. Compared to control treatment, the treatments of SKAn with and without Aksapon SR could significantly improve (P<0.05) daily gain (increased by 21 and 32%); feed conversion ratio (decreased by 20 and 26%); enteric methane production (decreased by 15 and 20%); and the effect of SKAn on percentage composition of acetic acid in the rumen was obvious when the SKAn was combined with Aksapon SR. It is concluded that SKAn with and without Aksapon SR can be used as methanogenesis inhibitor on ruminant animals. Â Kata Kunci: Acetoanaerobium noterae, Methane, Methanogenesis Inhibitor, Sheep

Utilization of complete rumen modifier on sheep fed high fibrous forages. Thalib, Amlius; Widiawati, Yeni; Haryanto, Budi
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A research to improve livestock productivity and lower enteric methane production on ruminant was conducted by manipulation approach on rumen system using a complete rumen modifier (CRM). An in vivo experiment was carried out using twenty four sheep ( mean weight 18 kg) which were distributed into 3 treatment groups of feed additive: I. control ( without treatment: K); II: K + CRM-LG; III: K + CRM-EL. Diet given consisted of fermented rice straw (ad libitum) + concentrate containing 16 % protein (400 g/head/day), and drinking water was given ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks based on completely randomized design. By the end of the experiment, animals were placed in the metabolism cages for 2 weeks (ie. 1 week for adaptation and 1 week for data collection). Rumen liquid of each treated animal was taken for the measurement of rumen characteristics. Parameter measuremed were: total gas production; gas composition of CO2 and CH4; in vitro DMD; NH3 and VFA contents; pH; bacterial and protozoal counts; consumption/ DMI; in vivo DMD; ADG and FCR. The results showed that productivity of sheep was improved by CRM treatments followed by lowered enteric methane production. The ADG values of CRM treatments (71.4 to 73.5 g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control (50 g). The improvement of average daily gain was followed by a better feed conversion (P < 0.05) (ie. 10.6 vs. 12.8). The CRM treatments lowered the percentage of CH4 by 24% compared to Control (P < 0.05). The total and composition of VFA of CRM-treated rumen liquor were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to that of rumen liquor of Control (ie. the total VFA: 85.3 vs 73.5 mM and the percentage of acetic acid: 67.8 vs 60.3%). It is concluded that CRM treatment resulted in positive effects on growth of ruminant fed high fibrous forages such as rice straw and could lower enteric methane production. Key Words: Rumen Modifier, Productivity, Enteric Methane, Sheep, Rice Straw

AVAILABILITY OF FEED TO SUPPORT BUFFALO DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Winugroho, M.; Widiawati, Yeni
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
Publisher : Proceeding Buffalo International Conference

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Evaluation of feed availability is important to estimate carrying capacity in any given areas to support proper buffalo production. For the last few years climatic global change has enlarged drier areas and consequently lower crop production. Changing in crop patterns such as planting and harvesting are expected to change pattern of monthly feed availability. Land conversion in Jawa can be up to 40,000 Ha per year while in outer Jawa huge land is converted into crop estates such as palm oil and rubber plantation. This will affect types of feed ingredients which should be closely studied in conjunction to buffalo reproduction. The role of agricultural and industrial by-products as feedstuffs can be estimated but production of natural green forages is still hard to estimate. Furthermore, the way how to manage buffaloes is likely to be also affected by the land scarcity. Communal house may be as the alternative for the extensive system so far we know. High meat demand has reduced beef cattle population and hence buffalo numbers. International collaboration on buffalo production and reproduction are suggested.

RESPON FISIOLOGIS ITIK MOJOSARI JANTAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN RANSUM BERKADAR PROTEIN KASAR BERBEDA Widiawati, Yeni; Sutrisna, Rudy; ., Siswanto
JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU Vol 4, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate of the physiological responses of Mojosariâ€™s male ducks that given different levels of crude protein (16, 18, 20, or 22% from dry feed). This study has been conducted for 75 days at the Integrated Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry, of the Agriculture Faculty of the University of Lampung. The total amount of maleâ€™s ducks about 48 animals consisted of 16 ducks that is placed in a different plots, so that each plot consists of three male ducks. The maleâ€™s ducks are divided into four treatments, which is giving feed in a different protein levels, 16 , 18 , 20 , and 22 % . Each treatment repeated four times. The design of this research using randomized block design and data obtained are analyzed. In conclusion, that ration with crude protein levels of 16, 18, 20, and 22% has no significant effect (P>0.05) on physiological responses of Mojosariâ€™s male ducks and all ration treatment provides the same physiological response ducks on ration levels crude protein 16, 18, 20, and 22%. Keywords: Crude Protein, Feed, Mojosariâ€™s Male Ducks, Physiological Response.

Utilization of complete rumen modifier on sheep fed high fibrous forages. Amlius Thalib; Yeni Widiawati; Budi Haryanto
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 15, No 2 (2010): JUNE 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A research to improve livestock productivity and lower enteric methane production on ruminant was conducted by manipulation approach on rumen system using a complete rumen modifier (CRM). An in vivo experiment was carried out using twenty four sheep ( mean weight 18 kg) which were distributed into 3 treatment groups of feed additive: I. control ( without treatment: K); II: K + CRM-LG; III: K + CRM-EL. Diet given consisted of fermented rice straw (ad libitum) + concentrate containing 16 % protein (400 g/head/day), and drinking water was given ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks based on completely randomized design. By the end of the experiment, animals were placed in the metabolism cages for 2 weeks (ie. 1 week for adaptation and 1 week for data collection). Rumen liquid of each treated animal was taken for the measurement of rumen characteristics. Parameter measuremed were: total gas production; gas composition of CO2 and CH4; in vitro DMD; NH3 and VFA contents; pH; bacterial and protozoal counts; consumption/ DMI; in vivo DMD; ADG and FCR. The results showed that productivity of sheep was improved by CRM treatments followed by lowered enteric methane production. The ADG values of CRM treatments (71.4 to 73.5 g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control (50 g). The improvement of average daily gain was followed by a better feed conversion (P < 0.05) (ie. 10.6 vs. 12.8). The CRM treatments lowered the percentage of CH4 by 24% compared to Control (P < 0.05). The total and composition of VFA of CRM-treated rumen liquor were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to that of rumen liquor of Control (ie. the total VFA: 85.3 vs 73.5 mM and the percentage of acetic acid: 67.8 vs 60.3%). It is concluded that CRM treatment resulted in positive effects on growth of ruminant fed high fibrous forages such as rice straw and could lower enteric methane production. Key Words: Rumen Modifier, Productivity, Enteric Methane, Sheep, Rice Straw

Nitrogen kinetics in growing sheep consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium or Calliandra calothyrsus as a sole diet Yeni Widiawati; M Winugroho; E Teleni
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The utilization of protein feed by animals are influenced by the process of its degradation in the rumen and its digestion in the intestine. The extent of its degradation and digestion are influenced by the form of protein and the present of secondary compound in the plant. The aim of the study was to determine the amont of protein in the three leguminouse shrubs utilized by the animals. The study on the utilization of protein from leguminouse shrub was undertaken by investigate the nitrogen kinetic in 24 head of growing sheep (BW 23kg) consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra callothyrsus leaves and Rhodes grass hay. The diets were fed every two hours starting at 07:00 am. The animals were divided into four groups of dietary treatment namely LL, GS, CC and CG groups which were fed by Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra dan Rhodes grass leaves, respectively. The Rhode grass, as control diet, was mixed with 1.4% of urea to increase the nitrogen offered to the animals up to 150 g/day. Thus all the four diets were offered the same amount of nitrogen/day. Measurements were undertaken on feed utilization and nitrogen kinetics in experimental animals. The amount of nitrogen consumed then undegraded in the rumen as well as undigested in the intestine was significant higher in CC group (P < 0.01) then those in LL, GS and CG groups. The value was 67% for CC group then followed by 35% for LL group and 33% for GS group. The amount of nitrogen degraded in the rumen thus lost in urine was significantly higher in animals fed GS and LL leaves compared to those in animals fed CC diet (P < 0.01). The values were 46% for GS and LL group and only 16% for CC group. The amount of nitrogen retained by the animals was similar among the three groups being 17-21% (P > 0.05). The Plasma urea concentration, urea entry rate and urea in urine animals were similar in LL and GS groups but higher than those in CC group. The values were 0.86; 0.8; 0.46 mg/ml (P < 0.01) and 79; 78; 50 g/d (P < 0.01) and 26.7; 24.5; 7.3 g/d (P < 0.01) for LL, GS and CC groups, respectively. The conclusion is most of nitrogen from Calliandra was un-degraded and un-digested in the rumen and intestine thus excreted through feces, while most of the protein in Leucaena and Gliricidia was degraded in the rumen thus excreted through urine. Key Words: Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra, Nitrogen-Kinetics, Urea Entry Rate

Acetoanaerobium noterae bacteria addition in the diet on methane production and performance of sheep Amlius Thalib; Yeni Widiawati
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 13, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A study on utilization of Acetoanaerobium noterae to decrease enteric methane production through feeding trial using sheep has been conducted. Animals used were young, male composite breed sheep with an initial liveweight of 19.1 kg. Twenty four animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups of dietary treatment and each group consisted of 8 animals. The diet fed to the animals were elephant grass (ad libitum) and the commercial concentrate containing 16% crude protein (200 g head–1 day–1). The treatments were (I). Control (K); (II). K + Cultural Preparate of A. noterae (SKAn); and (III). K + SKAn + Aksapon SR (as defaunator). Feeding trials was conducted for 12 weeks. The measurements observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, dry matter digestibility, rumen ecosystem, and enteric methane production. In vivo dry matter digestibility was measured by collecting the faeces and urine of the animals kept in metabolism cages for 7 days effective period. The results showed that effectivity of A. noterae action as methanogenesis inhibitor was improved when it was combined with defaunator. Compared to control treatment, the treatments of SKAn with and without Aksapon SR could significantly improve (P<0.05) daily gain (increased by 21 and 32%); feed conversion ratio (decreased by 20 and 26%); enteric methane production (decreased by 15 and 20%); and the effect of SKAn on percentage composition of acetic acid in the rumen was obvious when the SKAn was combined with Aksapon SR. It is concluded that SKAn with and without Aksapon SR can be used as methanogenesis inhibitor on ruminant animals. Kata Kunci: Acetoanaerobium noterae, Methane, Methanogenesis Inhibitor, Sheep

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Edugame Interaktif Nearpod Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Yeni Widiawati; Nurmaningsih Nurmaningsih; Rahman Haryadi
JURNAL RISET RUMPUN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Oktober : Jurnal Riset Rumpun Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Publisher : Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang menggambarkan penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning berbantuan edugame interaktif nearpod terhadap kemempuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk pre-Eksprimental Designs. Alasan peneliti menggunakan bentuk penelitian ini karena peneliti menggunakan satu kelas sampel, dimana satu kelas tersebut akan dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pada kelas sampel pertama akan diberikan tes awal (pre-test) kemudian siswa diberi perlakuan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning berbantuan edugame interaktif nearpod pada materi SPLTV, setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran terhadap siswa dengan memberi tes akhir (pos-test). Penelitian ekperimen ini menggunakan rancangan One-Grup Pretest-Posttest Design. Pada rancangan ini terhadap Pretest sebelum diberikan perlakuan sehingga hasil perlakuan Posttest dapat diketahui lebih akurat, karena membandingkan dengan keadaan sebelum diberikan perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran problem based learning berbantuan edugame interaktif nearpod dalam materi SPLTV kelas X MAN Bengkayang berjalan dengan efektif sehingga meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa.

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