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All Journal Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Fakultas Pertanian
Samsuri Tirtosastro
Universitas Tribuana Tunggadewi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN USAHA MENEKAN KADAR NIKOTIN RENDAH PADA TEMBAKAU MADURA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA GULUK-GULUK, KAMBINGAN BARAT DAN MUANGAN) Abdulrohman, Muhammad Luthfi; Tirtosastro, Samsuri; Sasongko, Pramono
Fakultas Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

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Due to the anti-smoking movement initiated by WHO (World Health Organization), the Government through the Ministry of Agriculture seeking tobacco with minimal health risks. Each year the government has allocated and channeled DBHCHT (Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Tembakau) of 2% of the tobacco tax to the Province, District and City Producing Tobacco Excise. One of the areas of the receiver is Sumenep, East Java Province. Provisions on the allocation of these funds is the Minister of Finance Regulation No.84 / PMK.07 / 2008. According to the regulation, DBHCHT is used to improve the quality of industrial raw material tobacco products by means of cultivation of raw materials (tobacco) with lower nicotine levels (article 3, paragraph 1, letter b). This study aimed to evaluate the policy effort to suppress levels of nicotine in tobacco of madura in Sumenep, Madura Island. This study uses a randomized block design with treatment consisting of three locations: the fields, tegal and mountains. Number of repeat is four (4) times. Furthermore, the data analysis of nicotine compared with secondary data before the policy. Results showed that the level of nicotine in tobacco is highest Madura on arable land are located in the mountain area is 3.11%, 2.41% followed by tegal land and field land that is 2.24%. The evaluation results of the policy suggests tobacco farmers in Sumenep Madura deny government policy 84 / PMK.07 / 2008, due to decreased levels of nicotine is directly proportional to the quality and price of tobacco that affect the income of farmers. Sejak adanya gerakan anti-rokok yang dimulai oleh WHO (World Health Organizatiom), Pemerintah melalui kementerian Pertanian berupaya mencari tembakau dengan resiko kesehatan seminimal mungkin. Setiap tahun, Pemerintah telah mengalokasikan dan menyalurkan DBHCHT (Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Tembakau) sebesar 2% dari penerimaan cukai kepada Provinsi, Kabupaten dan Kota Penghasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau. Salah satu daerah penerima tersebut adalah Kabupaten Sumenep, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pedoman tentang penggunaan dana tersebut adalah Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No.84/PMK.07/2008. Menurut Peraturan Menteri tersebut, DBHCHTdipakai untuk peningkatan mutu bahan baku industri hasil tembakau dengan cara pembudidayaan bahan baku (tembakau) dengan kadar nikotin rendah (pasal 3 ayat 1 huruf b). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan usaha menekan kadar nikotin pada tembakau madura di Kabupaten Sumenep. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan yang terdiri atas 3 lokasi yaitu sawah, tegal dan gunung. Jumlah ulangan sebanyak 4 (empat) kali. Selanjutnya data analisis nikotin dibandingkan dengan data sekunder sebelum ada kebijakan tersebut. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar nikotin pada tembakau madura paling tinggi terdapat pada lahan tanam yang berada di area gunung yaitu 3,11%, diikuti lahan tegal 2,41%, dan lahan sawah yaitu 2,24%. Hasil evaluasi kebijakan menunjukkan para petani tembakau madura di Sumenep tidak menghendaki adanya kebijakan pemerintah No.84/PMK.07/2008, dikarenakan penurunan kadar nikotin berbanding lurus dengan mutu dan harga jual tembakau sehingga mempengaruhi pendapatan petani tembakau.
NTRM (NON TOBACCO RELATED MATERIAL) TEMBAKAU RAJANGAN MADURA PADA PETANI NON KEMITRAAN Mustafa, Junius Velly; Tirtosastro, Samsuri; Rozana, Rozana
Fakultas Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

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NTRM (Non Tobacco Related Material) is the others material beside tobacco that have big opportunity to become the dangers material source, besides distruping the production process and aesthetics. This study aims to identify the NTRM kinds on Madura cut tobacco from non-partner farmers or free farmers which has nothing to do with the company in the tobacco production process. The location of this research is in Pamekasan county madura island. Sampling in this research used non-probability sampling technique method. Selected farmers who met the criteria for planting and processing their own tobacco leave then will be sold to the free market. Farmers plan and process their own tobacco leaves in to ranjangan Madura tobacco. Selected farmers are from Galis village and Kadur village of Galis district, Asampitu village, Kretek village, and Bulai village of Pademawu district, respectively in Pamekasan regency. The result of this research in the five village showed a high NTRM content, average organic NTRM, synthetic NTRM, and non-synthetic NTRM, respectively 1,53gr/kg, 1,07gr/kg, 8,59gr/kg. The highest NTRM is non-synthetic 76,80% in the form of stone and ceramic fractions. Synthetic NTRM 9,55% especially plastic and rubber bands and Organic NTRM 13,66% like grass, banana stem, mat and mango leaves. High content NTRM tobacco ranjangan Madura especially synthetic NTRM requires attention in the guidance of free farmers especially from local government. NTRM (Non Tobacco Related Material) adalah bahan lain selain tembakau yang berpeluang besar ikut menjadi sumber bahan berbahaya, selain mengganggu proses produksi dan estetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi NTRM pada tembakau rajangan madura. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling technique. Petani responden dipilih yang memenuhi kriteria menanam dan mengolah daun tembakaunya sendiri kemudian akan dijual ke pasar bebas. Petani menanam dan mengolah sendiri daun tembakau menjadi tembakau rajangan madura. Petani yang dipilih berasal dari Desa Galis dan Desa Kadur Kecamatan Galis, Desa Asampitu, Desa Kertek dan Desa Bulai Kecamatan Pademawu, masing-masing di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada kandungan NTRM yang cukup tinggi. NTRM Organik, NTRM Sintetik dan NTRM Non-Sintetik masing-masing 1,53gr/kg, 1,07gr/kg, 8,59gr/kg. NTRM paling tinggi adalah Non-Sintetik 76,80%, yang berupa batu dan pecahan keramik, NTRM Sintetik 9,55% terutama plastik dan karet gelang dan NTRM Organik 13,66% seperti rumput, pelepah pisang, tikar dan daun mangga. Tingginya kandungan NTRM tembakau rajangan madura, khususnya NTRM Sintetik, memerlukan perhatian dalam pembinaan petani bebas khususnya dari Pemerintah Daerah.
INDENTIFIKASI KADAR GULA DAN KADAR NIKOTIN TEMBAKAU TALI SUMBA BARAT DAYA BERDASARKAN POSISI DAUN PADA BATANG Dendo, Lusia; Tirtosastro, Samsuri; Tantalu, Lorine
Fakultas Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

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Nicotine and sugar levels of have an important role in tobacco products. Nicotine affects the heaviness of cigarette smoke taste. A higher nicotine content will make the smoking taste heavier, in the contrary, a lower the nicotine content, will make the smoking taste lighter. Meanwhile, sugar has a role of alleviating the taste of cigarette smoke, but if it is too high it causes heat and irritation in the esophagus. This research aimed to identify the sugar and nicotine levels content of rope tobacco leaves based on the position of the leaves on the stem using factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor consisted of 3 levels of identification of three leaf positions, namely the upper leaf, middle leaf, and lower leaf, and the second factor consisted of 2 levels namely location one and location two and it repeated 3 times. The material studied was rope tobacco from two locations from Southwest Sumba Regency. Location I and Location II have different levels of nicotine and sugar levels. The location I had the highest nicotine content in the middle leaf position was 4.23% and the highest sugar content in the position of middle leaf was 5.12%. In location II the highest nicotine content in the upper leaf position was 6.39% and the sugar content in the upper leaf position was 3.18%. The high level of nicotine was influenced by the position of the leaves. A higher position of the leaves on the stem makes a higher nicotine level. The high level of sugar in tobacco leaves is caused by the way of cultivation which is influenced by the number of leaves left on the stem. Kadar nikotin dan kadar gula mempunyai peran yang penting dalam produk tembakau. Nikotin berpengaruh terhadap beratnya rasa isap asap rokok. Makin tinggi kadar nikotin rasa isapnya makin berat, sebaliknya tembakau yang berkadar nikotin rendah rasa isapnya makin ringan. Sedangkan gula mempunyai peran meringankan rasa asap rokok, tetapi bila terlalu tinggi menyebabkan panas dan iritasi di kerongkongan. Penelitian tentang identifikasi kadar gula dan kadar nikotin daun tembakau tali berdasarkan posisi daun pada batang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dalam faktorial. Faktor pertama teridiri dari 3 taraf identifikasi tiga posisi daun, yaitu daun atas, daun tengah, dan daun bawah, dan faktor kedua terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu lokasi satu dan lokasi dua dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Bahan yang diteliti yaitu tembakau tali dari dua lokasi asal Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Lokasi I dan Lokasi II memiliki tingkat kadar nikotin dan gula yang berbeda. Lokasi I kadar nikotin tertinggi pada posisi daun tengah yaitu 4,23% dan kadar gula tertinggi pada posisi daun tengan sebesar 5,12%. Lokasi II kadar nikotin tertinggi pada posisi daun atas yaitu 6,39% dan kadar gula pada posisi daun atas yaitu 3,18%. Tingginya kadar nikotin dipengaruhi oleh posisi daun semakin ke atas posisi daun pada batang maka kadar nikotin semakin tinggi. Tingginya kadar gula pada daun tembakau disebabkan oleh cara budidaya yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak dan sedikitnya jumlah daun yang disisakan pada batang.
ANALISIS USAHATANI TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA DI DESA JIPO KECAMATAN KEPOHBARU DAN DESA TLOGOAGUNG KECAMATAN KEDUNGADEM KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO Sudirman, Sudirman; Tirtosastro, Samsuri; Wirawan, Wirawan
Fakultas Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

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Most of tobacco farmers didn?t conduct the analysis of farming especially on the real profit they have to received. Most of them put aside the aspect of land lease, bank interest, and the family labor. The result of the analysis of farming of virginia tobacco advisibility in Desa Jipo and Desa Tlogoagung Kabupaten Bojonegoro showed a feasible of farming with the R/C Ratio 1,48 and the profit Rp. 8.867.015,00/ha for Desa Jipo and Desa Tlogoagung R/C Ratio 1,47 and profit Rp. 8.995.072,86/ha. The profit without land lease and bank interest are reach to Rp. 5.552.067,50, R/C Ratio 1,26, , NPV 7.915.575,97 IRR. 30,56% and the profit for Desa Tlogoagung are Rp. 5.521.972,86, R/C Ratio 1,24,NPV Rp.7.237.956,95, IRR 29,01%. Petani tembakau umumnya tidak melakukan analisis usahatani khususnya terhadap keuntungan rill yang di terima petani. Petani umumnya mengenyampingkan aspek sewa lahan, bunga bank dan tenaga kerja keluarga. Hasil analisis kelayakan usahatani petani tembakau virginia rajangan di Desa Jipo dan DesaTlogoagung Kabupaten Bojonegoro menunjukan usaha cukup layak dengan R/C Ratio 1,48 dengan keuntungan Rp. 8.867.015,00/ha untuk Desa Jipo dan di Desa Tlogoagung R/C Ratio 1,47 dan keuntungan Rp. 8.995.072,86/ha. Dengan tanpa sewa lahan dan bunga bank layak diusahakan dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh Rp. 5.552.067,50 R/C Ratio 1,26, NPV 7.915.575,97 IRR. 30,56% untuk Desa Jipo dan keuntungan Rp. 5.521.972,86, R/C Ratio 1,24,NPV Rp.7.237.956,95, IRR 29,01% untuk Desa Tlogoagung.
ANALISIS USAHATANI TEMBAKAU RAJANGAN DI DESA PARANG KECAMATAN BANYAKAN KABUPATEN KEDIRI Suprapto, Wahyu Sri; Tirtosastro, Samsuri; Wirawan, Wirawan
Fakultas Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

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The tobacco farm in the Parang village, Banyakan Sub-District, Kediri Regency got partner with P.T. Sadana Arifnusa. The research had purpose to analyze of tobacco farm, to counted of grade index and crop index, counted elegibility of farm in there. The Research was conducting on September-October 2016. The result showed of income Rp 46.348.236,11, price Rp 28.107,63, total cost, NPV, IRR, and B/C ratio did?nt paid rent farm area and did?nt paid capital interest Rp 33.980.270,55, B/C ratio 1,36, did?nt paid rent farm area and paid capital interest Rp 40.096.719,24, B/C ratio 1,19, paid rent farm area and did?nt paid capital interest Rp 43.869.159,43, NPV -3.335.984,3 IRR 14,67%, B/C ratio 1,09, paid rent farm area and paid capital interest Rp 51.765.608,13, NPV -56.016.747,95, IRR -39,84, B/C ratio 0,90. The result showed grade index 66,78, crop index 1103,65. The relelation grade index toward crop index showed strongest relation (R²= 0,82) also productivity toward crop index (R²= 0,99). The greetes of grade have accepted the consumers fixed by received farmers, besides that the received farmers fixed by productivity. In other side the sinergy relations gave a opportunity to get more provit althought on the wet climate. Usahatani tembakau di Desa Parang, Kecamatan Banyakan, Kabupaten Kediri menjalin kemitraan sinergis dengan P.T. Sadana Arifnusa. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis usahatani tembakau, menghitung indeks mutu dan indeks tanaman, serta kelayakan usahatani di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September - Oktober 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendapatan petani Rp 46.348.236,11, harga tembakau Rp 28.107,63/kg, hasil perhitungan menunjukkan biaya produksi, NPV, IRR dan B/C ratio tanpa sewa lahan dan tanpa bunga bank Rp 33.980.270,55, B/C ratio 1,36 tanpa sewa lahan dan bunga bank Rp 40.096.719,24, B/C ratio 1,19 sewa lahan dan tanpa bunga bank Rp 43.869.159,43, NPV -3.335.984,3 IRR 14,67%, B/C ratio 1,09 serta sewa lahan dan bunga bank Rp 51.765.608,13, NPV -56.016.747,95, IRR -39,84, B/C ratio 0,90. Indeks mutu 66,78 dan indeks tanaman 1103,65. Hubungan indeks mutu terhadap indeks tanaman menunjukkan hubungan sangat kuat (R²= 0,82), demikian juga produksi terhadap indeks tanaman (R²= 0,99). Intinya mutu baik yang diterima konsumen ditentukan oleh tingginya penerimaan petani, selain penerimaan petani ditentukan oleh tingginya produksi. Pada sisi yang lain kemitraan sinergis memberi peluang keuntungan lebih baik meskipun kondisi iklim basah.
Co-Authors A.S. Murdiyati Abdulrohman, Muhammad Luthfi Dendo, Lusia Desi, Yohana Erlina Hosaini, Moh I Made Indra Agastya Karanja, Serlina Rambu Lorine Tantalu Mawahib, M Wafik Khairul Mustafa, Junius Velly Pote, Yulita Reda Bali Pramono Sasongko Rozana, Rozana Sugeng, Santoso Suprapto, Wahyu Sri Susilo Ribut Anggarbeni, Susilo Ribut Syanzani, Syanzani Walus, Rikardus Widowati