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PENGUJIAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAMBU METE ASAL BUAH SEMU TIDAK NORMAL Saefudin, Saefudin; Tjahjana, Bambang Eka
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerusakan buah semu jambu mete terhadap viabilitas dan pertumbuhan benih jambu mete telah dilakukan mulai bulan Januari  sampai  Desember 2009 di Kebun Percobaan Cikampek, Jawa. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih jambu mete dari Desa Watukawula, Kecamatan Wewewa, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Percobaan disusun dengan dua taraf perlakuan yaitu benih jambu mete yang berasal dari buah semu normal beraroma harum dan benih yang berasal dari buah semu rusak mengering. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perkecambahan benih dan bobot serta ukuran benih sebanyak 60 butir benih setiap perlakuan, sedangkan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit digunakan 30 polybag pada setiap perlakuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t pada taraf 5% secara  berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan buah semu berpengaruh terhadap bobot, tebal, dan viabilitas benih serta pertumbuhan tinggi bibit, sedangkan panjang dan lebar benih, serta diameter batang dan jumlah daun tidak berpengaruh. Bobot dan viabilitas benih jambu mete asal buah semu normal 6.7 g dan 77.7 %, sedang asal buah semu rusak 4.7 g dan  51.0 %.Viability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew applesABSTRACTViability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew apples. The experiment was carried out from January  to December 2009 to know about effect damage of cashew apple to the seed viability and growth of cashew seedling on Cikampek Experimental Station, West Java. Material was used cashew seed from Watukawula village, Wewewa Sub District, Southwest Sumba district, province of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The experiment was arranged with observation on two treatment i.e : Seed was harvested  with normal cashew apple and seed was harvested with damaged cashew apples. Number of sample was used to know the seed viability is 60 seeds for each treatment, further more to know the growth of cashew seedling was used 30 polybag per treatment. Analysis was used t-Student test with 5% level paired. Result of this experiment showed that the good seed viability was seed from normal compare with damaged cashew apples, 77.7% and 51.0% respectively. The best seed quality and viability was seed from normal cashew apples
Status Hara Tanaman Lada Bangka Belitung Daras, Usman; Tjahjana, Bambang Eka; Herwan, Herwan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Ada indikasi rendahnya produktivitas lada di Bangka Belitung (Babel) disebabkan karena petani tidak mampu merawat tanaman secara baik. Dalam merawat tanaman, petani juga melakukan pemupukan meskipun dosis yang diberikan mungkin lebih rendah dari yang dibutuhkan, bahkan unsur pupuk tertentu lain belum pernah diberikan sama sekali. Indikasi ke arah itu diperlihatkan oleh sering dijumpainya tanaman lada yang memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi hara. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dalam bentuk survei tanaman lada petani di Kabupaten Bangka, Bangka Tengah dan Bangka Selatan. Setiap kebun lada contoh terpilih, diamati kondisi umum pertumbuhan dan perkiraan tingkat produktivitasnya dengan mewancarai sejumlah petani lada, serta diambil beberapa contoh daun lada dan tanahnya secara komposit untuk dianalisis kandungan haranya di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi kebun lada petani memperlihatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil lada yang beragam. Kandungan hara N daun sebagian besar masuk kategori sedang (1,65-2,79% N), bahkan tinggi (> 2,79% N). Hara P pada kisaran 0,10–0,18%, sehingga masuk kategori cukup, meskipun sebagian besar nilainya mendekati batas bawah (0,10% P). Sebagian besar kebun lada (68%) memiliki kandungan K daun rendah (< 1,78% K), bahkan mendekati batas bawah (kritis), 0,33% K. Kandungan Ca pada kisaran 0,33-0,54% (rendah), jauh dari kandungan optimal 1,42-3,33% Ca. Sedangkan status Mg bervariasi dari 0,10% (terendah) sampai 0,46% (tertinggi). Pada kebun-kebun lada dengan kandungan Mg daun berkisar 0,10-0,28% memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi. Nutrient status of black pepper grown in Bangka BelitungABTRACT There are greatly various growth performances of black pepper grown in Bangka Belitung. Among them may be classified into the worse ones or low in achieving of yields due to unability of farmers in maintenance of the crops adequately. To increase yields of the crop, they use fertilizers eventhough the kind and amount of nutrients added may be unappropriate manner or never at all. Nutrient disorders in plant may appear in many ways such as reduced growth, off-colored leaves, abnormally shaped leaves and stems and and a breakdown of certain parts of the plant.  If deficiency of a certain nurient becomes more severe, visual symptoms may spread over the whole plant leaves, may become more chlorotic or bleached in appearance, and death of plant parts. A field survey was carried out on black peppers grown at Bangka, particularly districts of Bangka, Central Bangka and South Bangka in 2010. Parameters observed were quality of growth, productivity, cultural practices applied, and nutrient content of sampled leaves and soils on which the crops are planted. Lacking of a nutrient supply is some extent easely to be identified from specific symptoms of growth, but some others not or hard because it might be not single factor. Leaf and soil analysis are therefore needed to confirm nutrient status to support the growth. Results show that there were strong evident that status of macro nutrients like N and P are likely not to be serious constraints in growing of the crop. On the other hands, those of K, Ca and Mg are under suboptimal conditions of black pepper. Content of K leave ranged of 0.51 to 1.99% being mostly less than those of the need for optimal growth of black pepper 1.78-2.84% K. The others like Ca and Mg in leaves are also low ranging of 0.33 to 0.54% (low), and 0.10% (deficient) to 0.46% (optimum), respectively. Of the leaves having Mg content ranging from 0.10 to 0.28% reveal chlorotic, a type of deficiency symptom characterized by yellowing localized over individual leaves or isolated between some leaf veins (interveinal chlorosis).
Formula Pupuk Berimbang Tanaman Lada di Lampung Tjahjana, Bambang Eka; Daras, Usman; Heryana, Nana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rendahnya produktivitas lada di Lampung disebabkan antara lain belum dilakukannya budidaya yang optimal terutama dalam penggunaan pupuk. Rekomendasi pemupukan yang bersifat umum telah tersedia, tetapi banyak pekebun lada yang tidak mengikuti rekomendasi pemupukan yang sudah ada. Untuk mendapatkan dosis pemupukan yang optimal untuk tanaman lada diperlukan identifikasi karakter wilayah pengembangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cahaya Negeri, Lampung, yang bertujuan mendapatkan formula pupuk NPK berimbang untuk menghasilkan data pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman lada secara optimal. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah petak terpisah (split plot design), dengan petak utama adalah formula pupuk NPK, yaitu 1)15:15:15, 2) 12:12:17, dan 3) 12:8:20; sedangkan sebagai anak petak adalah takaran pupuk, yaitu  1) 1.000, 2) 1.300, dan 3) 1.600 g/pohon/thn, serta diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah cabang (sulur), jumlah daun/cabang, jumlah buku/sulur, tinggi tanaman, tinggi tajuk, jumlah cabang sekunder, diameter tajuk, panjang buku, panjang dan lebar daun, jumlah malai/cabang, berat buah/pohon, berat butir/pohon, panjang malai, jumlah buah jadi/malai dan berat buah 1000 butir, serta status hara tanah dan jaringan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara formula dengan dosis pupuk pada pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman lada. Indeks pertumbuhan tanaman lada tertinggi 168,13 terjadi pada formula NPK 12:12:17 pada dosis pupuk 1.600 g/pohon/th. Produksi buah per pohon (3.707,50 g) dan berat kering butir per pohon (1.046,75 g) tertinggi pada formula NPK 12:12:17 dengan dosis 1.600 g/pohon/th.  Balanced Fertilizer Formula for Black Pepper Cultivation in LampungABSTRACT Improper cultural practices applied by farmers in black pepper cultivation are believed to be the main constraint resulting low in its productivity. Fertilizer use is often to be major factor contributing to low yield as the crop are mostly grown in infertile soils. Though there is available general recommendation of fertilizer for the crops, but many farmers might not adopt the technology due to various reasons. When the price of black pepper is low, the existing prices of fertilizers are too expensive for farmers, so that they do not use fertilizers adequately for the crops or few if any. To obtain an optimal dose of fertilizer use, it is then needed identification of characters areas on which the crop is grown. A research was conducted in Cahaya Negeri Research Station, Lampung. The research aimed to obtain balanced NPK fertilizer formula giving optimal growth and yield of black pepper. A split plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was formula fertilizers (F): 1) NPK (15:15:15), 2) NPK (12:12:17), and 3) NPK (12:8:20); and the subplot was the dose of fertilizer (D): 1) 1.000 g/tree/yr, 2) 1.300 g tree/yr, and 3) 1.600 g/tree/yr. Parameters observed were the number of branches, the number of leaves/branches, the number of internode/vine, plant height, canopy height, the number of secondary branches, canopy diameter, the length of internode, leaf length, leaf width, the number of spike/branches, fruit weight/tree, grain weight/plant, spike length, fruit set/spike and 1.000 grain weight of pepper berry, and nutrient status of soil and plant tissue. The results show that there was no significant interaction noted between the formula and dose of fertilizers on the vegetative growth of black pepper. The highest growth index (168.130) was obtained on plants treated with added NPK 12:12:17 of 1.600 g/tree/year. The highest of yield and dry weight of pepper berry, 3.707.50 and 1.046.75 g/tree/yr respectively, were found on those ones treated with 1.600 g NPK 12:12:17/tree/year.
Formula Pupuk Berimbang Tanaman Lada di Lampung Tjahjana, Bambang Eka; Daras, Usman; Heryana, Nana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rendahnya produktivitas lada di Lampung disebabkan antara lain belum dilakukannya budidaya yang optimal terutama dalam penggunaan pupuk. Rekomendasi pemupukan yang bersifat umum telah tersedia, tetapi banyak pekebun lada yang tidak mengikuti rekomendasi pemupukan yang sudah ada. Untuk mendapatkan dosis pemupukan yang optimal untuk tanaman lada diperlukan identifikasi karakter wilayah pengembangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cahaya Negeri, Lampung, yang bertujuan mendapatkan formula pupuk NPK berimbang untuk menghasilkan data pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman lada secara optimal. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah petak terpisah (split plot design), dengan petak utama adalah formula pupuk NPK, yaitu 1)15:15:15, 2) 12:12:17, dan 3) 12:8:20; sedangkan sebagai anak petak adalah takaran pupuk, yaitu  1) 1.000, 2) 1.300, dan 3) 1.600 g/pohon/thn, serta diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah cabang (sulur), jumlah daun/cabang, jumlah buku/sulur, tinggi tanaman, tinggi tajuk, jumlah cabang sekunder, diameter tajuk, panjang buku, panjang dan lebar daun, jumlah malai/cabang, berat buah/pohon, berat butir/pohon, panjang malai, jumlah buah jadi/malai dan berat buah 1000 butir, serta status hara tanah dan jaringan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara formula dengan dosis pupuk pada pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman lada. Indeks pertumbuhan tanaman lada tertinggi 168,13 terjadi pada formula NPK 12:12:17 pada dosis pupuk 1.600 g/pohon/th. Produksi buah per pohon (3.707,50 g) dan berat kering butir per pohon (1.046,75 g) tertinggi pada formula NPK 12:12:17 dengan dosis 1.600 g/pohon/th.  Balanced Fertilizer Formula for Black Pepper Cultivation in LampungABSTRACT Improper cultural practices applied by farmers in black pepper cultivation are believed to be the main constraint resulting low in its productivity. Fertilizer use is often to be major factor contributing to low yield as the crop are mostly grown in infertile soils. Though there is available general recommendation of fertilizer for the crops, but many farmers might not adopt the technology due to various reasons. When the price of black pepper is low, the existing prices of fertilizers are too expensive for farmers, so that they do not use fertilizers adequately for the crops or few if any. To obtain an optimal dose of fertilizer use, it is then needed identification of characters areas on which the crop is grown. A research was conducted in Cahaya Negeri Research Station, Lampung. The research aimed to obtain balanced NPK fertilizer formula giving optimal growth and yield of black pepper. A split plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was formula fertilizers (F): 1) NPK (15:15:15), 2) NPK (12:12:17), and 3) NPK (12:8:20); and the subplot was the dose of fertilizer (D): 1) 1.000 g/tree/yr, 2) 1.300 g tree/yr, and 3) 1.600 g/tree/yr. Parameters observed were the number of branches, the number of leaves/branches, the number of internode/vine, plant height, canopy height, the number of secondary branches, canopy diameter, the length of internode, leaf length, leaf width, the number of spike/branches, fruit weight/tree, grain weight/plant, spike length, fruit set/spike and 1.000 grain weight of pepper berry, and nutrient status of soil and plant tissue. The results show that there was no significant interaction noted between the formula and dose of fertilizers on the vegetative growth of black pepper. The highest growth index (168.130) was obtained on plants treated with added NPK 12:12:17 of 1.600 g/tree/year. The highest of yield and dry weight of pepper berry, 3.707.50 and 1.046.75 g/tree/yr respectively, were found on those ones treated with 1.600 g NPK 12:12:17/tree/year.
Status Hara Tanaman Lada Bangka Belitung Daras, Usman; Tjahjana, Bambang Eka; Herwan, Herwan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Ada indikasi rendahnya produktivitas lada di Bangka Belitung (Babel) disebabkan karena petani tidak mampu merawat tanaman secara baik. Dalam merawat tanaman, petani juga melakukan pemupukan meskipun dosis yang diberikan mungkin lebih rendah dari yang dibutuhkan, bahkan unsur pupuk tertentu lain belum pernah diberikan sama sekali. Indikasi ke arah itu diperlihatkan oleh sering dijumpainya tanaman lada yang memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi hara. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dalam bentuk survei tanaman lada petani di Kabupaten Bangka, Bangka Tengah dan Bangka Selatan. Setiap kebun lada contoh terpilih, diamati kondisi umum pertumbuhan dan perkiraan tingkat produktivitasnya dengan mewancarai sejumlah petani lada, serta diambil beberapa contoh daun lada dan tanahnya secara komposit untuk dianalisis kandungan haranya di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi kebun lada petani memperlihatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil lada yang beragam. Kandungan hara N daun sebagian besar masuk kategori sedang (1,65-2,79% N), bahkan tinggi (> 2,79% N). Hara P pada kisaran 0,10–0,18%, sehingga masuk kategori cukup, meskipun sebagian besar nilainya mendekati batas bawah (0,10% P). Sebagian besar kebun lada (68%) memiliki kandungan K daun rendah (< 1,78% K), bahkan mendekati batas bawah (kritis), 0,33% K. Kandungan Ca pada kisaran 0,33-0,54% (rendah), jauh dari kandungan optimal 1,42-3,33% Ca. Sedangkan status Mg bervariasi dari 0,10% (terendah) sampai 0,46% (tertinggi). Pada kebun-kebun lada dengan kandungan Mg daun berkisar 0,10-0,28% memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi. Nutrient status of black pepper grown in Bangka BelitungABTRACT There are greatly various growth performances of black pepper grown in Bangka Belitung. Among them may be classified into the worse ones or low in achieving of yields due to unability of farmers in maintenance of the crops adequately. To increase yields of the crop, they use fertilizers eventhough the kind and amount of nutrients added may be unappropriate manner or never at all. Nutrient disorders in plant may appear in many ways such as reduced growth, off-colored leaves, abnormally shaped leaves and stems and and a breakdown of certain parts of the plant.  If deficiency of a certain nurient becomes more severe, visual symptoms may spread over the whole plant leaves, may become more chlorotic or bleached in appearance, and death of plant parts. A field survey was carried out on black peppers grown at Bangka, particularly districts of Bangka, Central Bangka and South Bangka in 2010. Parameters observed were quality of growth, productivity, cultural practices applied, and nutrient content of sampled leaves and soils on which the crops are planted. Lacking of a nutrient supply is some extent easely to be identified from specific symptoms of growth, but some others not or hard because it might be not single factor. Leaf and soil analysis are therefore needed to confirm nutrient status to support the growth. Results show that there were strong evident that status of macro nutrients like N and P are likely not to be serious constraints in growing of the crop. On the other hands, those of K, Ca and Mg are under suboptimal conditions of black pepper. Content of K leave ranged of 0.51 to 1.99% being mostly less than those of the need for optimal growth of black pepper 1.78-2.84% K. The others like Ca and Mg in leaves are also low ranging of 0.33 to 0.54% (low), and 0.10% (deficient) to 0.46% (optimum), respectively. Of the leaves having Mg content ranging from 0.10 to 0.28% reveal chlorotic, a type of deficiency symptom characterized by yellowing localized over individual leaves or isolated between some leaf veins (interveinal chlorosis).
PENGUJIAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAMBU METE ASAL BUAH SEMU TIDAK NORMAL Saefudin, Saefudin; Tjahjana, Bambang Eka
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerusakan buah semu jambu mete terhadap viabilitas dan pertumbuhan benih jambu mete telah dilakukan mulai bulan Januari  sampai  Desember 2009 di Kebun Percobaan Cikampek, Jawa. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih jambu mete dari Desa Watukawula, Kecamatan Wewewa, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Percobaan disusun dengan dua taraf perlakuan yaitu benih jambu mete yang berasal dari buah semu normal beraroma harum dan benih yang berasal dari buah semu rusak mengering. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perkecambahan benih dan bobot serta ukuran benih sebanyak 60 butir benih setiap perlakuan, sedangkan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit digunakan 30 polybag pada setiap perlakuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t pada taraf 5% secara  berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan buah semu berpengaruh terhadap bobot, tebal, dan viabilitas benih serta pertumbuhan tinggi bibit, sedangkan panjang dan lebar benih, serta diameter batang dan jumlah daun tidak berpengaruh. Bobot dan viabilitas benih jambu mete asal buah semu normal 6.7 g dan 77.7 %, sedang asal buah semu rusak 4.7 g dan  51.0 %.Viability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew applesABSTRACTViability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew apples. The experiment was carried out from January  to December 2009 to know about effect damage of cashew apple to the seed viability and growth of cashew seedling on Cikampek Experimental Station, West Java. Material was used cashew seed from Watukawula village, Wewewa Sub District, Southwest Sumba district, province of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The experiment was arranged with observation on two treatment i.e : Seed was harvested  with normal cashew apple and seed was harvested with damaged cashew apples. Number of sample was used to know the seed viability is 60 seeds for each treatment, further more to know the growth of cashew seedling was used 30 polybag per treatment. Analysis was used t-Student test with 5% level paired. Result of this experiment showed that the good seed viability was seed from normal compare with damaged cashew apples, 77.7% and 51.0% respectively. The best seed quality and viability was seed from normal cashew apples
Co-Authors Herwan Herwan Nana Heryana Saefudin Saefudin Usman Daras