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All Journal International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ida Syafiza Md Isa
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Computer Science & IT

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IoT-based communal garbage monitoring system for smart cities Nur Latif Azyze Mohd Shaari Azyze; Ida Syafiza Md Isa; Thomas See Chin
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 27, No 1: July 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp37-43

Abstract

In Malaysia, approximately 38,000 metric tons of garbage are generated due to human daily activities. This is due to the growing population in the urban area, hence increasing the tendency of overflowing garbage due to the insufficient space in the garbage container. In addition, the tight schedule of the garbage collection allows the spreading of the toxic odor as the garbage start to rotten up, hence leading to air pollution. Therefore, a systematic waste management system is important to provide a healthy and clean environment to the community. In this work, a communal garbage monitoring system has been developed to notify the administrator of the status of the container. Besides monitoring the level of garbage, the system is also designed to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air quality of the garbage container. These monitored data will be uploaded at the cloud for real-time monitoring. Compared to the other work, a real test-bed implementation has been conducted considering different types of waste including food waste, paper, bottles and metal; to determine the accuracy of the developed system. The results show that the system has high reliability and high accuracy with 96% for food waste and 98% for other types of waste.
Towards efficient fog computing in smart cities: balancing energy consumption and delay Ida Syafiza Md Isa; Nur latif Azyze Mohd Shaari Azyze; Haslinah Mohd Nasir; Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy; Ashwini Jayadevan Naidu
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i1.pp332-342

Abstract

In this work, we propose fog-based energy-delay optimization (F-EDO) approach and benchmark its performance against the cloud-based energydelay optimization (C-EDO) method, focusing on energy consumption and delay. Unlike previous studies that optimize energy or delay separately, FEDO minimizes both metrics simultaneously, achieving up to 52.2% energy savings with near-zero delay. Additionally, increasing the number of users also leads to energy savings. This is due to the optimized placement of fog servers at the access layer which reduces network energy consumption compared to C-EDO. F-EDO also significantly reduces delay, with negligible delay compared to C-EDO due to fog servers are placed closer to the users which minimized the transmission distances. Besides, the results also show that the energy saving in F-EDO compared to the C-EDO increased as the processing capacity of the processing server increased while maintaining its minimal delay. Overall, F-EDO proves to be a more energyefficient and lower-delay solution for IoT networks, offering a better alternative to cloud-based offloading.
Co-Authors Ashwini Jayadevan Naidu Haslinah Mohd Nasir Nur Latif Azyze Mohd Shaari Azyze Thomas See Chin Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy