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All Journal International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Non-Verbal Cues in Interactive Systems: Enhancing Proactivity through Winking and Turning Gestures Siti Aisyah Binti Anas; Mazran bin Esro; Ahamed Fayeez bin Tuani Ibrahim; Yogan Jaya Kumar; Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy; Yona Falinie binti Abd Gaus; R. Sujatha
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): November-January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i1.1011

Abstract

This investigation investigates the extent to which proactive behaviours in interactive objects—specifically animated eyes that exhibit behaviours such as blinking and turning—improve user interaction. Through a two-phase process, we investigate the influence of these behaviors on users’ perceptions of proactivity in both physical and virtual environments. In Phase I, we conducted a real-world study using a tangible box with animated eyes to evaluate user responses to expressive behaviours in single- and multi-person interactions. The results indicate that blinking significantly improves perceptions of the box’s intentionality and engagement, thereby fostering a more robust sense of proactivity. Phase II expands this investigation to a virtual environment, where 240 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participated, thereby validating the real-world findings. The online study confirms that perceived proactivity is consistently increased across contexts by blinking and turning. These findings indicate that integrating basic, human-like behaviors into interactive systems can enhance user engagement and provide practical advice for the development of sustainable, low-complexity interactive technologies. These discoveries facilitate the future development of resource-efficient and accessible human-computer interaction and robotic systems by simulating intentionality through minimal behavior.
Towards efficient fog computing in smart cities: balancing energy consumption and delay Ida Syafiza Md Isa; Nur latif Azyze Mohd Shaari Azyze; Haslinah Mohd Nasir; Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy; Ashwini Jayadevan Naidu
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i1.pp332-342

Abstract

In this work, we propose fog-based energy-delay optimization (F-EDO) approach and benchmark its performance against the cloud-based energydelay optimization (C-EDO) method, focusing on energy consumption and delay. Unlike previous studies that optimize energy or delay separately, FEDO minimizes both metrics simultaneously, achieving up to 52.2% energy savings with near-zero delay. Additionally, increasing the number of users also leads to energy savings. This is due to the optimized placement of fog servers at the access layer which reduces network energy consumption compared to C-EDO. F-EDO also significantly reduces delay, with negligible delay compared to C-EDO due to fog servers are placed closer to the users which minimized the transmission distances. Besides, the results also show that the energy saving in F-EDO compared to the C-EDO increased as the processing capacity of the processing server increased while maintaining its minimal delay. Overall, F-EDO proves to be a more energyefficient and lower-delay solution for IoT networks, offering a better alternative to cloud-based offloading.
Enhancing Sustainability in Linear WSNs Using DSDVTRI: A Triple-Interleaving Routing Approach for Pipeline Monitoring Divya Nacciar Kumaran; Siva Kumar Subramaniam; Ahamed Fayeez Bin Tuani Ibrahim; Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): February-April
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i2.2620

Abstract

The safety and efficiency of oil and gas pipelines remain critical due to the high risks associated with leaks, pressure surges, and undetected structural damage. WSNs provide an effective solution for real-time monitoring by deploying sensor nodes along the pipeline. However, existing routing protocols such as DSDV and AODV face challenges with congestion, packet loss, and uneven energy consumption in long linear topologies. This study proposes DSDVTRI, a triple-interleaving extension of the DSDV protocol designed to improve data delivery and energy efficiency in linear pipeline networks. Simulations were performed using NS2.35 version across node counts ranging from 20 to 200. The results show that at number of nodes 100, DSDVTRI improves throughput by 14.2% and delivery ratio by 3.05% compared to DSDV, while reducing energy consumption per packet by 6.3%. These findings demonstrate that DSDVTRI enhances performance stability, making it suitable for real-time and energy-efficient pipeline monitoring applications.
Non-Verbal Cues in Interactive Systems: Enhancing Proactivity through Winking and Turning Gestures Siti Aisyah Binti Anas; Mazran bin Esro; Ahamed Fayeez bin Tuani Ibrahim; Yogan Jaya Kumar; Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy; Yona Falinie binti Abd Gaus; R. Sujatha
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): November-January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i1.1011

Abstract

This investigation investigates the extent to which proactive behaviours in interactive objects—specifically animated eyes that exhibit behaviours such as blinking and turning—improve user interaction. Through a two-phase process, we investigate the influence of these behaviors on users’ perceptions of proactivity in both physical and virtual environments. In Phase I, we conducted a real-world study using a tangible box with animated eyes to evaluate user responses to expressive behaviours in single- and multi-person interactions. The results indicate that blinking significantly improves perceptions of the box’s intentionality and engagement, thereby fostering a more robust sense of proactivity. Phase II expands this investigation to a virtual environment, where 240 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participated, thereby validating the real-world findings. The online study confirms that perceived proactivity is consistently increased across contexts by blinking and turning. These findings indicate that integrating basic, human-like behaviors into interactive systems can enhance user engagement and provide practical advice for the development of sustainable, low-complexity interactive technologies. These discoveries facilitate the future development of resource-efficient and accessible human-computer interaction and robotic systems by simulating intentionality through minimal behavior.
Co-Authors Ahamed Fayeez bin Tuani Ibrahim Ashwini Jayadevan Naidu Divya Nacciar Kumaran Haslinah Mohd Nasir Ida Syafiza Md Isa Mazran bin Esro Nur Latif Azyze Mohd Shaari Azyze R. Sujatha Siti Aisyah Binti Anas Siva Kumar Subramaniam Yogan Jaya Kumar Yona Falinie binti Abd Gaus