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<![CDATA[EFEK KATALITIK NATRIUM-ALO2 PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA TANPA PELARUT HIDROGEN DONOR ]]>
<![CDATA[Artanto, Yuli]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati, Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i2.1520
<![CDATA[Indonesian brown coal, South Banko coal, was liquefied into oil in the presence ofcarbon monoxide and water using alkali base catalyst, NaAlO2. Liquefaction testwas carried out using microautoclave in the absence of donor solvent. Experimentwas conducted at 365oC and 400oC in order to examine the effect of temperatureon coal conversions.Kata kunci: south banko, brown coal, liquefaction, catalyst, donor solvent]]>
<![CDATA[MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF COAL LIQUID OIL CHARACTERIZED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC EMMISION DETECTOR ]]>
<![CDATA[Yusnitati, Yusnitati]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i1.1566
<![CDATA[Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives werefound to be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenolswere the major nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils ofboiling range 300 ?. An oil of boiling range (300 ? 420?) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED]]>
<![CDATA[DISTRIBUSI MOLEKULER SPESIES HETEROATOM DALAM MINYAK BATUBARA INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati, Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1557
<![CDATA[Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives were foundto be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenols were themajor nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils of boiling range 300oC). An oil of boiling range (300?420oC) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED]]>
<![CDATA[ASPEK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DARI PABRIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA ]]>
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2000): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v1i1.164
<![CDATA[Studi kelayakan pembangunan pabrik pencairan batubara muda di Indonesia (1999-2001) merupakan jawaban terhadap pencarian kelangkaan energi untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar minyak sintetis. Pabrik tersebut yang rencananya akan dibangun di lokasi tambang batubara muda Banko, Tanjung Enim (Sumatera Selatan), akan memproduksi 130.000-140.000 bbl/d minyak batubara dari 30.000 t/d batubara (berat kering).Teknologi BCL Process yang didisain untuk mengkonversikan jenisbatubara muda menjadi produk cair, menjadi teknologi alternatif dalam hal ini karena merupakan teknologi batubara bersih. Hal ini dicirikan dengan efisiensi thermal yang tinggi (mencapai 98%), lebih sedikit batubara yang dikonsumsi dan pengendalian yang ketat terhadap limbah dari proses. Dengan mengacu pada hasil-hasil yang diperoleh dari pengoperasian pilot plant 50 t/d di Australia, kajian awal aplikasi teknologi tersebut untuk batubara muda Banko menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran yang masih berada di bawah ambang batas.Dari hasil studi kelayakan tersebut nantinya diharapkan akan diperolehgambaran secara detail tentang aspek pencemaran dari pabrik batubara cair di Indonesia. Pada akhirnya akan dapat dijadikan bahan masukan yang sangat berguna dalam menyusun berbagai kebijakan di bidang pencemaran lingkungan dalam kaitannya dengan proses konversi energi maupun upgrading batubara.]]>
<![CDATA[EFEK KATALITIK Natrium-AlO2 PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA TANPA PELARUT HIDROGEN DONOR ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuli Artanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2006) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i2.1520
<![CDATA[Indonesian brown coal, South Banko coal, was liquefied into oil in the presence ofcarbon monoxide and water using alkali base catalyst, NaAlO2. Liquefaction testwas carried out using microautoclave in the absence of donor solvent. Experimentwas conducted at 365oC and 400oC in order to examine the effect of temperatureon coal conversions.Kata kunci: south banko, brown coal, liquefaction, catalyst, donor solvent]]>
<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NIKEL PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ALAMI LIMONIT ]]>
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1528
<![CDATA[Coal liquefaction of brown coal from South Banko coal was conducted using 5 Lautoclave batch reactor. the effect of nickel addition on the activity of naturallimonite catalyst from Soroako was investigated by comparing the amount ofnickel addition to the reaction.Tthis study showed that original nickel ferritepresent in natural limonite did not play a significant role in increasing the activityof iron compounds in limonite. This study was also pointed out that ironcompound (α-FeOOH) was the major compound for obtaining high oil yield inliquefaction of low rank coal.Kata kunci: liquefaction, low rank coal, nickel ferrite, soroako limonite]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuli Artanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1529
<![CDATA[Investigation of Limonite for catalyst on South Banko coal liquefaction werecarried out under standard condition which has developed by BPPT.Limonite Soroako is a natural mineral that found at Nickel Mining onSoroako, South Sulawesi. Four samples of limonite was examined using 5Lautoclave at our coal liquefaction laboratory in order to investigate theisactivities to produce high distillate yield at standard condition (450oC, 9MPacold H2). The results showed that limonite SYY-E-MY gave a higher distillateyield than those of other limonite (difference about 10-30%daf coal or%bkta). Further investigations were conducted to compare with othercatalysts: synthetic g –FeOOH and pyrite (FeS2). Again, the activity of limonitS99-E-MY was still superior compared to those of synthetic and pyritecatalysts. The yield difference was about 10-16%daf coal or %bkta).Experiment revealed that the factor of FeOOH critically affected the coalliquefaction reaction to improve the distillate yield and to reduce CLB yield.Besides, the representative of Co metal in the limonite (≥5-10 %bk) couldgive synergism effect with FeOOH to improve the activity of limonite.]]>
<![CDATA[PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN YALLOURN SEBAGAI EFEK DARI PERUBAHAN SUPLAI HIDROGEN ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuli Artanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1538
<![CDATA[A comparison of liquefaction characteristic of two brown coals (South Banko andYallourn coals) was studied. A 5L autoclave batch reactor was used under thecondition with temperature at 450 oC , reaction holding time 60 minutes. Theinitial hydrogen pressure was varied to compare the effect of different reactionpressure on the product perolehans. The oil yield for Banko Selatan and Yallournincreased 6% and 18%, respectively, by increasing initial hydrogen pressurefrom 10 MPa to 15 MPa. However in accordance with increasing pressure from15 MPa to 20 MPa, the yield did not change remarkably. On the other hand, theCLB perolehan was significantly decreased for both coals when the pressure wasincreased from 10 to 15MPa. Moreover, the CLB yield was abruptly decreasedwhen the hydrogen pressure drastically change to 20Mpa. It was found that theincreasing reaction pressure only affected to the yield of hydrocarbon gas slightlybut remarkably influenced the CO and CO2 gas production for Yallourn coal butnot for South Banko coal.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, south banko coal, yallourn coal, oil yield]]>
<![CDATA[KARAKTERISTIK PROSES HIDROKONVERSI KATALITIK DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BITUMEN ]]>
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Hanif]]>;
<![CDATA[Adiarso Adiarso]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1556
<![CDATA[The effects of bitumen types in a hydro-conversion catalytic process to producesyntethic liquid fuels was investigated. Three samples of natural solid bitumenobtained from three different sampling points in Riau Province are used in thisstudy. Preliminary technical feasibility of the natural solid bitumen as a feedstockof synthetic fuel oil using this process is also investigated. Experimental runs arecarried out using a 1 liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under the standardconditions: reaction temperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPafor 1 hour and atomic ratio of sulfur to iron at 2.0. This process condition issimilar to direct coal liquefaction process using heavy oil solvent produced fromBench Scale Unit (BSU) 100 kg/hour input in Takasago, Japan. The resultsindicate that the oil yield increases with the decrease of liquid bottom yield. TotalCO+CO2 and hydrocarbon gases products are almost equal at all bitumensamples. Due to their high ash content, the oil yield (LO, MO and HO) of bitumensamples relatively lower than the oil yield of coal liquefaction process. It was alsofound that O/C and H/C atomic ratio in bitumen samples vary significantly withtheir sampling point, but the H/C ratio of bitumen relatively higher than typicalcoal. The higher of H/C ratio, the easier of bitumen to be converted to syntheticfuel oil and leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. Inconclusion, the natural solid bitumen has a possibility as a feedstock of syntheticfuel oil, if it is fed to the process in the form of a dried-ash-free-bitumen (hyperbitumen).Kata kunci: bitumen, hidrokonversi katalitik, BBM sintetis]]>
<![CDATA[DISTRIBUSI MOLEKULER SPESIES HETEROATOM DALAM MINYAK BATUBARA INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusnitati Yusnitati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi ]]>
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1557
<![CDATA[Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives were foundto be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenols were themajor nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils of boiling range<300oC). An oil of boiling range (300–420oC) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED]]>
