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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Yousif Allbadi
University of Diyala
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Reliability-based routing metric for UAVs networks Musaab Mohammed Jasim; Hayder Khaleel AL-Qaysi; Yousif Allbadi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 3: March 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1771-1783

Abstract

As a result of technological advances in robotic systems, electronic sensors, and communication techniques, the production of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems has become possible. Their easy installation and flexibility led these UAV systems to be used widely in both military and civilian applications. Note that the capability of one UAV is however limited. Nowadays, a multi-UAV system is of special interest due to the ability of its associate UAV members either to coordinate simultaneous coverage of large areas or to cooperate to achieve common goals/targets. This kind of cooperation/coordination requires a reliable communication network with a proper network model to ensure the exchange of both control and data packets among UAVs. Such network models should provide all-time connectivity to avoid dangerous failures or unintended consequences. Thus, the multi-UAV system relies on communication to operate. Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is moreover considered as a sophisticated type of wireless ad hoc network among UAVs which solved the communication problems into other network models. Along with the FANET’s unique features, challenges and open issues are also discussed especially in the routing protocols approach. We will try to present the expected transmission account metric with a new algorithm for reliability. In addition to this new algorithm mechanism, the metric takes into account the relative speed between UAVs, and thus the increase of the fluctuations in links between UAVs has been detected. Accordingly, the results show that the function of the AODV routing protocol with this metric becomes effective in high mobility environments.
Blind image watermarking scheme based on lowest energy contourlet transform coefficient and modified arnold cat/ikeda maps Jinan N. Shehab; Hussein A. Abdulkadhim; Yousif Allbadi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 1: January 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp196-207

Abstract

The widespread of global internet has led to the need for developing new methods of protecting multimedia information from exploitation, alteration or forgery, illegal distribution, and manipulation. An attacker is quickly and illegally distributing or changing multimedia information by using various means of computer technology. For detecting this manipulation, this paper suggests blind watermark image inside a host image for observing in the receiver. If the watermark image was retrieved, then the host image was not attacked or manipulated. While if not retrieved, in this case, the image was attacked. The proposed method is depending on a decomposition of the host image using lowest energy sub-bands of Contourlet transform (4-levels), with scrambling by Ikeda map of the watermark image, and selecting new positions by modified Arnold Cat map. This will produce more security and safety, as well as provide more difficulty or prevent hacking. The obtained results confirm the robustness against attacks and more effectiveness of the presented scheme compared with the other similar works. Also, using lowest energy sub-bands will expand area of embedding and this part will be considered in the future works with the color images.
Radiation effect of M-slot patch antenna for wireless application Yousif Allbadi; Huda Ibrahim Hamd; Ilham H. Qaddoori
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 11, No 5: October 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i5.3801

Abstract

Today, the specific absorption rate has become an important and necessary measurement when designing and implementing any type of antenna. In recent years, various devices have appeared that use different frequencies for wireless communication systems, which are a source of electromagnetic radiation. The M-slot antenna is designed in this paper to operate in multi-band frequencies for wireless communications using computer simulation technology (CST) software 2020. The radiation effect for this antenna is calculated for tissue mass of the human fingertips, which consists of three layers (skin, meat, and bone), over a mass of 1 g and 10 g according to the IEEE and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) organization. The results are shown three applications in the communication system, which are Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and, satellite X-band and, the value of specific absorption rate (SAR) increase with increased frequency.
Co-Authors Hayder Khaleel AL-Qaysi Huda Ibrahim Hamd Hussein A. Abdulkadhim Ilham H. Qaddoori Jinan N. Shehab Musaab Mohammed Jasim