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W H Utomo
Brawijaya University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the potential of three wild plant species for phytoextraction of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings Fiqri, A; Utomo, W H; Handayanto, E
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 3 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2016.033.551

Abstract

A study that was aimed to explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on the potential of wild plant species (Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Lindernia crustacea) for phytoextraction of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings was conducted in a glasshouse. Each of the plant seedlings was planted in a plastic pot containing 10 kg of planting medium (mixture of tailings and compost; 50%: 50% by weight). Treatments tested were three plant species and doses of AM fungi inoculation, i.e. 0 and 30 spores/plant. At harvest of 63 days, plant shoot and root were analyzed for mercury concentration. The remaining planting media in the pots were used for growing maize for 84 days. The results showed that the most potential plant species for phytoextraction of mercury was Paspalum conjugatum, while the most mercury tolerant plant was Cyperus kyllingia. Without AM fungi inoculation, the highest accumulation of mercury (44.87 mg/kg) was found in the root of Paspalum conjugatum. If AM fungi were inoculated, the highest accumulation of mercury (56.30 mg/kg) was also found in the shoot of Paspalum conjugatum. Results of the second experiment proved that the growth and biomass production of maize after mycophytoextraction by the plant species were higher than those of maize grown on media without mycophytoextraction of mercury.
The use of biochar to reduce nitrogen and potassium leaching from soil cultivated with maize Widowati, W; Asnah, A; Utomo, W H
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2014.021.211

Abstract

Nutrient leaching is often a problem especially in tropical areas with soil fertility constraints. This study aims to reveal the effect of biochars on leaching and uptake of nitrogen and potassium from degraded soils cultivated with maize. Each of three types of biochar originated from rice husk, wood, and coconut shell, was applied to the soil placed in PVC tube at four rates (0,15, 30, and 45 t/ha). Maize was then planted in each pot. All pots received urea (135 kg N/ha), SP 36 (36 kg P2O5/ha), and KCl (110 kg K2O/ha). Twelve treatments (three biochars and four application rates) were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replicates. Results of the study showed interaction effects of biochar materials and biochar rates on nitrate leaching (except on day 1 to 30) and potassium, N uptake, and plant growth. On day 1-30, leaching of nitrate and potassium was reduced by biochar application. The lowest nitrate leaching was observed at rate of 45 t /ha of wood biochar, while application of 45 t/ ha coconut shell biochar resulted in the highest K leaching. Beside, wood biochar resulted in a similar nitrate leaching with that of coconut shell biochars, but nitrate leaching increased with increasing rate of biochar chaff on 30-60 HST. All biochar materials yielded a similar potassium leaching at all rates. Application of 45 t /ha biochar husk resulted in the best maize growth.
The potential of Lumbricus rubellus as a bioaccumulator of excess Pb and Cd in organic media Arifin, M; Nuraini, Y; Utomo, W H; Wardiyati, T
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 2 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2014.024.397

Abstract

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are sources of serious problems in the environment due to their reactivity and toxicity. Lumbricus rubellus is an earthworm reared by people is expected to reduce Pb and Cd concentrations in the environments. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of Lumbricus rubellus in reducing excess of Pb and Cd in organic media generated from urban waste. Sixteen treatments (four levels of Pb concentration and four levels of Cd concentration) were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Each treatment was placed in a wooden pot of 20 cm x 20 cm x 25 cm, and supplied with 40 Lumbricus rubellus for 30 days. Results of this study showed that 20 and 40% of the earthworm could survive until day 30 in organic media contaminated with Pb and Cd, respectively. Pb accumulated in the earthworm bodies ranged from 0.03 to 211.42 mg/kg, while the Cd accumulated in the earthworm body ranged from 0.57 to 22.11 mg/kg. The bioaccumulation factor for Pb was 46.98%, while that of Cd was 53.83%t. The content of Pb in vermicompost ranged from 0.04 to 19.41 mg/kg, while that of Cd ranged from 0.01 to 1.58 mg/kg.
Co-Authors A Fiqri, A Asnah Asnah E Handayanto M Arifin T Wardiyati widowati widowati Y Nuraini