Bernadus Rudy Sunindya
Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang

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EFEK DIET TINGGI KARBOHIDRAT DAN DIET TINGGI LEMAK TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DAN KEPADATAN SEL BETA PANKREAS PADA TIKUS WISTAR (EFFECT OF HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET AND HIGH FAT DIET ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND BETA CELL PANCREAS DENSITY IN WISTAR RATS) Mutiyani, Mira; Soeatmadji, Djoko Wahono; Sunindya, Bernadus Rudy
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Jurusan Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

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Abstract

Abstrak Sindroma metabolik yang ditandai dengan abdominal obesity, resistensi insulin, dislipidemia, perubahan tekanan darah, dan obesitas, prevalensinya semakin meningkat setiap tahun, serta disinyalir sebagai penyebab tingginya penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2, penyakit kardiovaslular, dan kematian, baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari pemberian diet tinggi karbohidrat dibandingkan dengan diet tinggi lemak terhadap kadar glukosa darah  dan kepadatan sel beta pankreas tikus Rattus novergicus strain wistar. Kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan menggunakan metode Glukose Oksidase (GOD-PAP); kepadatan sel Sel-β pankreas dihitung jumlahnya menggunakan mikroskop elektron dalam 20 lapang pandang dengan perbesaran 1000 x. Diet tinggi karbohidrat dan diet tinggi lemak diberikan secara isokalori selama 12 minggu, dengan komposisi: diet tinggi karbohidrat (80,57%; 14% protein; dan 5,41% lemak); diet tinggi lemak (55,63% karbohidrat; 14,25% protein; dan 30,10% lemak). Kadar glukosa darah puasa berbeda signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (p=0.000); rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa darah tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok (P2) 293.57 mg/dl. Kepadatan sel beta pankreas berbeda signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (p=0.000); rerata kepadatan sel beta pankreas terkecil  terdapat pada kelompok (P2) 45,06 mm2. Diet tinggi karbohidrat dan diet tinggi lemak, keduanya menstimulasi perubahan kadar glukosa darah dan mengurangi kepadatan sel beta pankreas pada tikus wistar jantan. Kata Kunci: diet tinggi karbohidrat, diet tinggi lemak, glukosa darah, kepadatan sel beta pankreas  AbstractThe metabolic syndrome includes the clustering of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and obesity associated with the increasing risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and death both in less developed and developed countries in the world. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increasES every year. The aim of this study was to assess blood glucose level using Glucose Oksidase (GOD-PAP) and beta cell pancreas density using microscope.  Blood glucose concentration and beta cell pancreas density were compared in rats fed isocalorically a high carbohydrate diet for 12 w (80,57% carbohydrate, 14% protein, and 5.41% fat) or a high fat diet for 12 w (55,63% carbohydrate; 14,25% protein; and 30,10% fat). At the end of the study, high carbohydrate rats had higher blood glucose concentration than the high fat group (293.57 mg/dl). High carbohydrate and high fat diet both resulted in elevated beta cell pancreas density, but the density was seen lowest in high carbohydrate fed (45,06 mm2). The findings suggest that both high carbohydrate and high fat fed elevated blood glucose concentration and decreased the density of beta cell in rats. Keywords: high carbohydrate diet, high fat diet, blood glucose, beta cell pancreas density
MISCLASSIFIKASI PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 (T2DM) DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS DENGAN METODE PRISMA Zein, Eiska Rohmania; Sunindya, Bernadus Rudy
Jurnal Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia (JIKI) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem in Indonesia, with a steadily increasing incidence. The high prevalence of undiagnosed cases and the occurrence of clinical and administrative misclassification pose significant challenges to health services, epidemiological research, and the national financing system. This study aims to review evidence related to the forms, causes, and impacts of T2DM misclassification in Indonesia using a systematic review approach using the PRISMA method, and to provide strategic recommendations for system improvement. A literature search was conducted in international and national databases using the PRISMA 2020 framework. Of the 456 articles identified, 35 were fully screened, and 9 met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity between studies. Misclassification of T2DM was found in three main areas. First, clinical misclassification occurs, particularly of LADA and MODY, which are often labeled as T2DM. Second, diagnostic overreliance on HbA1c without verification with OGTT or FPG, potentially resulting in false-positive or false-negative results. Third, administrative inaccuracies in ICD-10 coding affect claims, registries, and national reports. Furthermore, the large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes patients exacerbates data distortions and delays in treatment. Misclassification of T2DM in Indonesia is a multidimensional problem that impacts patients, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. An integrated strategy is needed, including strengthening diagnostic algorithms, training coders, electronic data audits, and expanding screening of high-risk populations to reduce misclassification and improve service quality.
Pelatihan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Dasar bagi Relawan SAR Masyarakat di Malang Raya: Laporan Pengabdian Masyarakat: Ganif Djuadi, Diniyah Kholidah, Handy Lala, Bernadus Rudy Sunindya, Dimas Dwi, Yoga Saputra, Edi Utomo Putro, Diana Barsasella Djuadi, Ganif; Kholidah, Diniyah; Lala, Handy; Sunindya, Bernadus Rudy; Dwi, Dimas; Saputra, Yoga; Putro, Edi Utomo; Barsasella, Diana
Jurnal Persada Husada Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2025): Jurnal Persada Husada Indonesia
Publisher : STIKes Persada Husada Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56014/jphi.v12i4.449

Abstract

Disaster-prone countries such as Indonesia require well-prepared Search and Rescue (SAR) volunteers, not only in technical rescue skills but also in basic health and safety knowledge. This community service program, conducted by lecturers and students of Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang in collaboration with the Malang Raya SAR Unit, aimed to strengthen volunteer capacity through the “Basic Health and Safety Training for SAR Teams” held on February 8–9, 2025. The training included theoretical sessions and practical simulations covering personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, self-care, nutrition, health incident reporting, and insurance literacy. A total of 88 participants, representing the Malang Raya Forum for Coordination of Search and Rescue Potentials (FKP3), completed pre- and post-tests as well as practical evaluations. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge (from a pre-test mean of 54.95 ± 8.22 to a post-test mean of 90.34 ± 5.69, p < 0.05), with improved consistency reflected in reduced standard deviation values. Observational data confirmed participants’ enhanced ability in PPE usage, health documentation, and hygiene practices under limited conditions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating health promotion, preventive approaches, and practical simulations in volunteer training. Such interventions are vital to reducing health risks during rescue operations and ensuring safer humanitarian missions. This program may serve as a replicable model for similar community-based SAR training in other disaster-prone regions.
Misklasifikasi Pasien Penyakit Jantung di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis Menggunakan PRISMA: Bernadus Rudy Sunindya Sunindya, Bernadus Rudy
Jurnal Persada Husada Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2025): Jurnal Persada Husada Indonesia
Publisher : STIKes Persada Husada Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56014/jphi.v12i4.453

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Indonesia, yet epidemiological and administrative data are often inaccurate due to misclassification. Misclassification can occur at the clinical level (misdiagnosis), diagnostic level (limitations in biomarkers, ECG, or imaging), and administrative level (incorrect ICD-10 coding). This article systematically reviews the evidence on forms, causes, and impacts of misclassification of heart disease patients in Indonesia using the PRISMA framework, and identifies strategies for mitigation. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and national portals (Ministry of Health, PERKI, Riskesdas) using keywords related to misclassification of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia. From 512 articles identified (2012–2025), 41 were fully screened, and 11 met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity among studies. Misclassification was most frequently observed in three domains: (1) clinical—heart failure misdiagnosed as COPD, (2) diagnostic—reliance on a single biomarker without imaging verification leading to misdiagnosed acute coronary syndromes, and (3) administrative—incorrect ICD-10 coding. National surveys such as Riskesdas 2018 and SKI 2023 also highlighted discrepancies in prevalence estimates. Misclassification of heart disease in Indonesia is a multidimensional issue impacting epidemiological accuracy, clinical quality, and financing systems. Strengthening diagnostic algorithms, training ICD-10 coders, and implementing integrated digital audits are essential to reduce misclassification rates.