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The Behavior of Slab-Column Connections with Modified Shear Reinforcement under Cyclic Load Gunadi, Riawan; Budiono, Bambang; Imran, Iswandi; Sofwan, Ananta
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 46, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Generally, slab-column frames show lower stiffness, drift capacity, and ductility as compared to beam-column frames. Under combined gravity and lateral cyclic loading, the lower initial stiffness and stiffness degradation lead to poor structural performance. Therefore, in the current codes, slab-column frames are recommended only for Intermediate Moment Frames with dual systems. The objective of this study is to modify slab-column connection details to enhance seismic performance such that the system can also be used with Special Moment Frames. Four specimens of interior slab-column connection models with the same dimensions and flexural reinforcement were tested under gravity and cyclic lateral loads. One specimen, constructed as control specimen, was designed using standard orthogonal stud rails. The other specimens used newly designed stud rails. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improved the specimensâ behavior. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improve the specimen behavior. The highest ratio of initial stiffness adequacy of specimen with modified stud rail was 131.19% for risk category I/II, while the ratio of the control specimen was 97.94%. The highest relative energy dissipation ratio of specimen with modified stud rail was 33.82%, while the ratio of the control specimen was 25.94%.

Studi Eksperimental Perilaku Hubungan Pelat-Kolom terhadap Kombinasi Beban Gravitasi dan Lateral Siklis Gunadi, Riawan; Budiono, Bambang; Imran, Iswandi; Sofwan, Ananta
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1386.724 KB)

Abstrak. Struktur flat slab digunakan secara luas pada bangunan gedung karena beberapa kelebihan dalam aspek struktural maupun arsitektural. Disamping kelebihan tersebut, terdapat kelemahan yang mengakibatkan perilaku yang tidak ideal pada saat struktur menerima kombinasi beban gravitasi dan lateral. Kelemahan tersebut terdapat pada hubungan pelat-kolom, dimana tegangan lentur dan geser terakumulasi sebagai resultan dari beban gravitasi dan momen tak imbang yang disebabkan oleh beban lateral seperti halnya gempa. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, terutama di daerah gempa potensial seperti halnya sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan perilaku hubungan pelat-kolom. Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan dengan tiga benda uji berskala 1:2 dari model hubungan pelat-kolom interior yang dirancang dengan ukuran, material, dan detail yang sama, kecuali detail tulangan gesernya. Benda uji pertama, yang digunakan sebagai spesimen kontrol, menggunakan stud rail standar yang dirancang dengan mengacu standar ACI. Benda uji kedua dan ketiga menggunakan stud rail dengan modifikasi detail. Semua benda uji diujidengan beban gravitasi konstan yang dimodelkan dengan blok-blok beton dan simpangan lateral siklis yang mencakup respon elastis sampai inelastis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi stud rail secara signifikan meningkatkan perilaku hubungan pelat-kolom khususnya dalam hal kekakuan dan disipasi energi. Abstract. Flat slab structures are widely used for buildings because of its advantages both in structural and architectural aspects. Besides its advantages, there is a weakness leads to a poor structural behavior under combined gravity and lateral load. The weakness is concentrated in slab-column connections, where flexural and shear stresses are accumulated as a resultant of gravity load and unbalanced moment caused by lateral load such as earthquake. To solve the problem, especially in potential earthquake zone such as most of the Indonesia region, it is necessary to conduct researches to improve slab-column connections behavior. This paper reports the result of research conducted using three specimens of half scaled interior slab-column connection sub-assemblages designed using simillar dimensions, materials, and details, except the shear reinforcement details. The first specimen, constructed as a control specimen, used standard stud rails designed to comply with ACI codes. The second and third specimens used modified stud rail details. All specimens were subjected to a constant gravity load simulated by concrete blocks and cyclic lateral displacements ranging from elastic to inelastic responses. The experimental results show that modification of the stud rails significantly improves the specimen behavior especially the stiffness and energy dissipation.

Debonding Behavior of Conventional Concrete Strengthened with Anchored FRP and Staked Ariyansyah, Rona; Gunadi, Riawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Vol 21, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Sipil & Perencanaan
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jtsp.v21i2.19927

Concrete structures can be damaged or deteriorate due to various reasons such as errors in planning, implementation factors, getting overload burden, decreased capacity and quality of structures, and changes in structural functions. Thus, to strengthen the damaged structures, there is a need for an investigation regarding the damage to the existing concrete structures. Retrofitting FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) to the damaged structures can be a reinforcement alternative. The bond shear between FRP and concrete need to be considered in using FRP to solve the damaged structure. Shear behavior on the bonded structures greatly affects the condition of the structure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of anchors and stakes on FRP debonding behavior. This study was carried out experimentally to obtain the results and data on the effects of the anchors and stakes. This study used 9 specimens with a size of 150 mm x 150 mm x 300 mm. From those 9 specimens, 3 specimens were specimens without reinforcement (FR), 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor (FRA), and 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor and stake (FRAP). The test method used in this study referred to ASTM D5379 concerning the Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials. From the bond shear test of each FR, FRA, and FRAP specimens, it was found that the average maximum shear load was 19.405 kN, 28.465 kN, and 29.699 kN, consecutively.

Debonding Behavior of Conventional Concrete Strengthened with Anchored FRP and Staked Ariyansyah, Rona; Gunadi, Riawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Vol 21, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jtsp.v21i2.19927

Concrete structures can be damaged or deteriorate due to various reasons such as errors in planning, implementation factors, getting overload burden, decreased capacity and quality of structures, and changes in structural functions. Thus, to strengthen the damaged structures, there is a need for an investigation regarding the damage to the existing concrete structures. Retrofitting FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) to the damaged structures can be a reinforcement alternative. The bond shear between FRP and concrete need to be considered in using FRP to solve the damaged structure. Shear behavior on the bonded structures greatly affects the condition of the structure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of anchors and stakes on FRP debonding behavior. This study was carried out experimentally to obtain the results and data on the effects of the anchors and stakes. This study used 9 specimens with a size of 150 mm x 150 mm x 300 mm. From those 9 specimens, 3 specimens were specimens without reinforcement (FR), 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor (FRA), and 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor and stake (FRAP). The test method used in this study referred to ASTM D5379 concerning the Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials. From the bond shear test of each FR, FRA, and FRAP specimens, it was found that the average maximum shear load was 19.405 kN, 28.465 kN, and 29.699 kN, consecutively.

The Behavior of Slab-Column Connections with Modified Shear Reinforcement under Cyclic Load Riawan Gunadi; Bambang Budiono; Iswandi Imran; Ananta Sofwan
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 46 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2014.46.1.2

Generally, slab-column frames show lower stiffness, drift capacity, and ductility as compared to beam-column frames. Under combined gravity and lateral cyclic loading, the lower initial stiffness and stiffness degradation lead to poor structural performance. Therefore, in the current codes, slab-column frames are recommended only for Intermediate Moment Frames with dual systems. The objective of this study is to modify slab-column connection details to enhance seismic performance such that the system can also be used with Special Moment Frames. Four specimens of interior slab-column connection models with the same dimensions and flexural reinforcement were tested under gravity and cyclic lateral loads. One specimen, constructed as control specimen, was designed using standard orthogonal stud rails. The other specimens used newly designed stud rails. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improved the specimens' behavior. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improve the specimen behavior. The highest ratio of initial stiffness adequacy of specimen with modified stud rail was 131.19% for risk category I/II, while the ratio of the control specimen was 97.94%. The highest relative energy dissipation ratio of specimen with modified stud rail was 33.82%, while the ratio of the control specimen was 25.94%.

Studi Eksperimental Perilaku Hubungan Pelat-Kolom terhadap Kombinasi Beban Gravitasi dan Lateral Siklis Riawan Gunadi; Bambang Budiono; Iswandi Imran; Ananta Sofwan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 19 No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2012.19.3.2

Abstrak. Struktur flat slab digunakan secara luas pada bangunan gedung karena beberapa kelebihan dalam aspek struktural maupun arsitektural. Disamping kelebihan tersebut, terdapat kelemahan yang mengakibatkan perilaku yang tidak ideal pada saat struktur menerima kombinasi beban gravitasi dan lateral. Kelemahan tersebut terdapat pada hubungan pelat-kolom, dimana tegangan lentur dan geser terakumulasi sebagai resultan dari beban gravitasi dan momen tak imbang yang disebabkan oleh beban lateral seperti halnya gempa. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, terutama di daerah gempa potensial seperti halnya sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan perilaku hubungan pelat-kolom. Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan dengan tiga benda uji berskala 1:2 dari model hubungan pelat-kolom interior yang dirancang dengan ukuran, material, dan detail yang sama, kecuali detail tulangan gesernya. Benda uji pertama, yang digunakan sebagai spesimen kontrol, menggunakan stud rail standar yang dirancang dengan mengacu standar ACI. Benda uji kedua dan ketiga menggunakan stud rail dengan modifikasi detail. Semua benda uji diujidengan beban gravitasi konstan yang dimodelkan dengan blok-blok beton dan simpangan lateral siklis yang mencakup respon elastis sampai inelastis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi stud rail secara signifikan meningkatkan perilaku hubungan pelat-kolom khususnya dalam hal kekakuan dan disipasi energi. Abstract. Flat slab structures are widely used for buildings because of its advantages both in structural and architectural aspects. Besides its advantages, there is a weakness leads to a poor structural behavior under combined gravity and lateral load. The weakness is concentrated in slab-column connections, where flexural and shear stresses are accumulated as a resultant of gravity load and unbalanced moment caused by lateral load such as earthquake. To solve the problem, especially in potential earthquake zone such as most of the Indonesia region, it is necessary to conduct researches to improve slab-column connections behavior. This paper reports the result of research conducted using three specimens of half scaled interior slab-column connection sub-assemblages designed using simillar dimensions, materials, and details, except the shear reinforcement details. The first specimen, constructed as a control specimen, used standard stud rails designed to comply with ACI codes. The second and third specimens used modified stud rail details. All specimens were subjected to a constant gravity load simulated by concrete blocks and cyclic lateral displacements ranging from elastic to inelastic responses. The experimental results show that modification of the stud rails significantly improves the specimen behavior especially the stiffness and energy dissipation.

Analisis Perilaku Struktur Gedung Ber-Layout L Delapan Lantai dengan Penambahan Sistem Dilatasi Sabila, Fatihah Salma; Sari, Wulan; Gunadi, Riawan; Wusqo, Urwatul
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 10, No 2: Juli 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v10i2.140

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan Peraturan Menteri PU no 29/PRT/M/2006 menyatakan bahwa bangunan gedung dengan bentuk T, L atau U harus dilakukan pemisahan struktur atau dilatasi untuk menghindari terjadinya benturan elemen akibat gempa atau penurunan tanah. Terlebih pada daerah dengan risiko terhadap gempa yang cukup tinggi. Maka dari itu bentuk denah bangunan pada daerah rawan gempa disarankan memiliki bentuk yang beraturan atau simetris dan sederhana agar memiliki perilaku struktur yang baik. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis perilaku struktur pada bangunan layout L dengan penambahan dilatasi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analysis respon spectrum dan static ekuivalen mengacu pada SNI 1726:2019. Hasil dari penilitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dilatasi pada bangunan gedung dapat mengurangi kekakuan bangunan dan hal ini berpengaruh pada perilaku struktur bangunan yang terjadi. Kemudian, penggunaan dilatasi mampu mencegah terjadinya konsetrasi tegangan pada pelat yang cukup besar pada bangunan dengan layout L.Kata kunci: gempa, perilaku struktur, dilatasi, SNI 1726:2019 ABSTRACTBased on “Peraturan Menteri PU No. 29/PRT/M/2006” states that buildings with a T, L or U shape must be separated from the structure or dilated to avoid collisions with elements due to earthquakes or land subsidence. First, in areas with a high risk of earthquakes. Therefore, it is suggested that the shape of a building plan in an earthquake-prone area should have a regular or symmetrical and simple shape so that it has good structural behavior. In this study, an analysis of the structural behavior of the L layout building was carried out with the addition of dilation. The analysis used is response spectrum analysis and static equivalent which refers to SNI 1726:2019. The results of this study indicate that the addition of dilation to buildings can reduce the rigidity of buildings and this affects the behavior of building structures that occur. Then, the use of dilation is able to prevent the stress concentration on the slab which is quite large in buildings with L layout.Keywords: earthquake, structural behavior, dilation, SNI 1726:2019

Cycle Tests and Structure Repair of Bridge Pier Models: Uji Siklus dan Perbaikan Struktur Model Pilar Jembatan Justitiannisa, Innino; Gunadi, Riawan
Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023): Cantilever
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35139/cantilever.v12i2.234

This research was conducted in anticipation of the risk of fatal damage to the structure due to the earthquake. In this study, experiments were carried out on the test object in the form of a bridge pillar model, which consisted of 2 test steps. The cyclic test is in the form of a pier bridge model and is continued in step 2 in the form of repairs with grouting and carbon wrapping materials as well as conducting another cyclic test to evaluate the performance of the repair materials used. This study uses the pier model, which consists of two test objects, namely a column with dimensions of 0.25x0.25x1.68 meters and a column cap of 1.20x0.55x0.36 meters. This test provides a constant axial load of 0.2 fc’.Ag and a cyclic lateral load. Phase 1 testing was carried out until the drift ratio was 3.5%. The achieved lateral peak strength is 8,606 tonf with a drift ratio of 2.20%. Lateral strength experienced a decrease in peak lateral strength of 86.93%. The damage is dominated by shear cracks which are characterized by the number of cracks with a diagonal pattern. Structural performance analysis was carried out according to ACI 374.1-05. The results of the theoretical analysis of the peak strength of the pier model were 15.2144 tonnes in the tensile direction, while the experimental ones were 8.606 in the pushing direction and -7.812 in the pulling direction.

Flexural Strengthening of RC Beams with NSM-CFRP: A Review on the Role of Concrete Strength and Strip Layout Nadila, Sifa Ulhaq; Gunadi, Riawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 25, No 2 (2025): Vol 25, No 2 (2025): JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL EDISI MEI 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jts.v25i2.92739

Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams are primary structural elements that often suffer damage due to repeated loading, particularly in flexural cracks that propagate and reduce structural integrity and load-carrying capacity. Conventional repair methods are considered inefficient due to their high cost, complexity, and time-consuming procedures. As a viable alternative, composite materials like Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) have gained attention due to their superior tensile strength, lightweight properties, Corrosion resistance, and Straightforward application. This research highlights evaluating the performance of the Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) technique with CFRP in improving the bending strength of reinforced concrete beams. Two specimens were experimentally tested, each incorporating concrete with compressive capacities of 32 MPa and 35 MPa, using configurations of one and two CFRP strips. The experimental results indicated that the use of two CFRP strips led to an enhancement in load-carrying capacity by as much as 35,67%. Additionally, improvements in ductility and more controlled failure modes were observed. This study confirms that the NSM-CFRP system is highly effective as a structural strengthening solution, particularly for elements requiring high flexural performance.

Experimental Study of Polymer Concrete Material with SBR Latex for Bridge Pier: Compressive Test, Tensile Test, and Workability on Cylinder and Steel Samples Justitiannisa, Innino; Gunadi, Riawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 25, No 2 (2025): Vol 25, No 2 (2025): JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL EDISI MEI 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jts.v25i2.91523

Concrete is a fundamental material in civil engineering structures due to its high compressive strength and durability. However, its low tensile strength, high permeability, and tendency to crack under environmental and mechanical stress limit its long-term performance, especially in substructures such as bridge piers exposed to dynamic and aggressive conditions. This study investigates the effect of incorporating 10% Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Latex by weight into a polymer-modified concrete mix. The objective is to evaluate its mechanical behavior and workability as a preliminary step toward application in full-scale bridge pier construction. The concrete was designed using the Ohama method, which considers the interaction between polymer content and water–cement ratio, while a dry-mix method was adopted to ensure uniformity and ease of implementation in field applications. Laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the compressive strength at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days using cylindrical specimens (150 mm × 300 mm). The tensile strength of reinforcing bars (Ø8 mm, Ø10 mm, and Ø16 mm) was evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), while slump testing was conducted to determine workability. The results showed that the modified concrete reached a compressive strength of 29.86 MPa at 28 days, or 99.53% of the target strength (f′c = 30 MPa). A slump value of 12 cm indicated improved cohesion and workability, while tensile tests confirmed the reinforcement’s structural performance. A bridge pier prototype was also developed, with a column size of 0.25 × 0.25 × 1.68 m and a column head of 1.20 × 0.55 × 0.36 m. Overall, the incorporation of 10% SBR latex enhanced the mechanical and rheological properties of concrete, supporting its potential for use in durable bridge pier applications.

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