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All Journal Reaktor Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa - Penelitian Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Peka: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Widya Teknik
Aning Ayucitra
Chemical Engineering Department, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya
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Sintesa Biodiesel dari Minyak Nyamplung Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Termodifikasi Hindarso, Herman; Ayucitra, Aning; Asri, Nyoman Puspa
Widya Teknik Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v23i1.5498

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan dan bersifat ramah lingkungan. Prinsip pembuatan biodiesel adalah mengubah bahan baku trigliserida menjadi metil ester melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. Trigliserida dapat diperoleh dari minyak nabati dan lemak hewan. Pada penelitian ini biodiesel didapatkan dari proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi minyak nyamplung sebagai sumber minyak nabati. Proses esterifikasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu untuk mengurangi kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak nyamplung yang awalnya memiliki kadar 26,27% hingga turun menjadi 1,71%. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses transesterifikasi untuk mereaksikan minyak nyamplung dengan methanol agar menghasilkan biodiesel menggunakan katalis heterogen yaitu zeolit dan bentonit yang telah dimodifikasi. Modifikasi katalis dilakukan dengan aktivasi zeolit dan bentonit alam menggunakan asam HCl pada suhu 100 oC selama 24 jam dan dilanjutkan kalsinasi pada suhu 550 oC selama 4 jam. Katalis zeolit dan bentonit hasil modifikasi kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya menggunakan uji XRD dan FTIR. Proses transesterifikasi untuk memperoleh biodiesel berlangsung pada suhu 50, 60, 65, dan 70˚C selama waktu reaksi 5 jam. Hasil biodiesel dengan perolehan terbesar didapatkan pada suhu 60 oC, yaitu sebesar 88,19% menggunakan katalis zeolit termodifikasi, 78,84% menggunakan katalis bentonit termodifikasi dan 82,36% menggunakan campuran katalis zeolit dan bentonit termodifikasi pada rasio 1 : 1. Biodiesel hasil pada perolehan terbesar dengan katalis zeolit termodifikasi dilakukan pengujian karakteristiknya sesuai parameter SNI, dan mendapatkan hasil yaitu memiliki densitas 887 kg/m3, viskositas 5,633 mm2/s, bilangan setana 53, titik nyala pada suhu 121˚C, dan kadar metil ester sebesar 94,55%.
Optimization of Heat Transfer Area and Steam Requirement in Multiple Effects Evaporator for Concentration of Juice in Sugar Factory Lourentius, Suratno; Ayucitra, Aning
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.73569

Abstract

Abstract.  In maintaining the existence of sugar factories that are still actively operating in Indonesia, efforts should be made to intensify sugar production and/or extensify sugarcane plantations. In terms of the intensification of the process, it is necessary to periodically evaluate the performance of process equipment, especially those that require utilities so that the process is effective and efficient. The process of making sugar passes through six stages, namely: milling, purification, evaporation, cooking, screening, and packaging as the final stage. The evaporation process is a crucial process that determines the success of the entire process because the sugar solution is concentrated from 11% to 64%. The evaporator was designed to use a multiple-effect evaporator to increase the value of steam economy. The objective of this research was to optimize the process condition that requires a minimum total cost at PT. XYZ, a sugar factory. Sugar solution /juice concentration at feed, temperature of feed, and number of effects were variables studied in this research. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to survey the sugar factory to obtain the necessary data. Furthermore, a mathematical model was compiled based on the principle of mass and heat balance and then an Excel-Goal Seek program was used to carry out an accurate optimization. To conclude, for a mass flow rate of 125,000 kg/h with a concentration of 11% sugar solution and a feed temperature of 100oC, the optimum conditions were obtained by employing a quadruple effect evaporator with a minimum annual production cost of IDR 22,090,361,779.00 at PT. XYZ. The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: total evaporator area = 2,443.81 m2, steam economy = 3.98, and steam demand = 26,028.2 kg/h. A quadruple effect evaporator is commonly utilized in sugar factories in Indonesia.Keywords:Intensification, Sugar Solution, Number of Effects, Optimization, Steam Economy
Co-Authors A Agnes Adhitia Gunarto Adriana Anteng Anggorowati Albert Teja W Andre Siswaja Daniel Widyadinata Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas Fandy Maramis Farrel Gunawan Frengky W. Pribadi Gogot Setyo Budi Herman Hindarso Ignatius Sindi P Indah Epriliati Iwan Gunawan Laurentia E.K. Setiawan Lois Olivia Widjaja Lourentius, Suratno Margareth Gani Nani Indraswati Nani Indraswati Nelsi K. Tanti Niko Sanjaya Nyoman Puspa Asri Ong Wei Yong Santoso, Shella Permatasari Sarah Yarden Palinggi Steven Andrianto Suryadi Ismadji Wenny Irawaty Yesisca Cuaca Yosophine Sulistyani Yusak Adi Wijaya