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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Abdimas Madani dan Lestari (JAMALI) Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Widya Teknik
Santoso, Shella Permatasari
Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Other

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Pemanfaatan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan Natrium Karbosimetil Selulosa Shella Permatasari Santoso; Niko Sanjaya; Aning Ayucitra
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.1

Abstract

The use of cassava peels as raw material for Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose productionCassava peels are abundantly available and may be used as an lowcost cellulose source (80-85% cellulose per weight cassava peel). the study was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloroacetate, and temperature reaction on the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium-CMC) characteristics i.e. yield, purity, and degree of substitution in sodium-CMC preparation.  Sodium-CMC functional group was determined using FTIR spectrophotometer. Cassava peels was dried and grounded to 50 mesh. Lignin was eliminated from cassava peel by extraction of grounded cassava peel with 10% NaOH at 35 °C for 5 h. Cassava peel free lignin was then re-extracted using 10% of acetic acid and sodium chloride at 75 °C for 1 h, thus cellulose free hemicellulose was obtained. Alkalization at 30 °C for 90 min was performed by adding sodium hydroxyde at 10-40% to cellulose using isopropyl alcohol solvent. Following this, etherification was conducted by adding sodium chloroacetate of 1-5 g at 50-80 °C for 6 h. As result, the highest purity of sodium-CMC (96.20%) was obtained from alkalization using 20% of sodium hydroxide and etherification using 3 g sodium chloroacetate at 70 °C. Sodium-CMC yield was 22% and degree of substitution 0.705.Keywords: cassava peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium-CMC, etherification AbstrakKulit singkong merupakan sumber selulosa yang berlimpah dan murah, dengan kadar selulosa 80-85% dari berat kulit singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan selulosa dalam kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (Na-CMC), mempelajari pengaruh natrium hidroksida, natrium kloroasetat serta suhu pada karakteristik Na-CMC seperti perolehan, kemurnian, dan derajat substitusi, serta menentukan kondisi operasi optimum untuk pembuatan Na-CMC berdasarkan kemurnian Na-CMC terbesar. Gugus fungsi Na-CMC ditentukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Mula-mula, kulit singkong dikeringkan dan dihancurkan sehingga berukuran 50 mesh. Kulit singkong diekstraksi dengan NaOH 10% di suhu 35 °C selama 5 jam, untuk melarutkan lignin. Kulit singkong bebas lignin diekstrak dengan asam asetat 10% dan natrium klorida dengan pemanasan 750 °C selama 1 jam untuk melarutkan hemiselulosa sehingga didapatkan selulosa. Alkalisasi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan selulosa dengan NaOH 10-40% dengan pelarut isopropil alkohol pada suhu 30 °C selama 90 menit, dilanjutkan eterifikasi dengan natrium kloroasetat 1-5 g pada suhu 50-80 °C selama 6 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, karakteristik Na-CMC terbaik didapatkan dari alkalisasi selulosa menggunakan NaOH 20% serta eterifikasi menggunakan 3 g natrium kloroasetat pada suhu 70 °C. Perolehan Na-CMC yang didapat adalah sebesar 22%, kemurnian 96,20%, derajat substitusi 0,705; termasuk dalam grade kedua menurut SNI 06-3736-1995.Kata kunci: kulit singkong, karboksimetil selulosa, Na-CMC, eterifikasi
Optimum and Green Fabrication of MIL-100(Fe) for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution Wijaya, Christian Julius; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Yuliana, Maria; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Hartono, Sandy Budi; Irawaty, Wenny; Lie, Jenni; Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo; Gunarto, Chintya; Puspitasari, Nathania; Ismadji, Suryadi; Gunawan, Setiyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.93323

Abstract

MIL-100(Fe) was prepared and subsequently used to remove crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions simulating dye-containing wastewater in the environment. In the future, it is aimed that MIL-100(Fe) can be used in managing dye-containing wastewater in the environment and reducing the negative impacts it can cause. Here, MIL-100(Fe) fabrication needs to be optimized to obtain optimum process conditions, which are environmentally friendly and can produce MIL-100(Fe) with the best characteristics. This study focused on optimizing the fabrication of MIL-100(Fe), which is a type of MOF with good chemical stability, thermal stability, and flexible structure. In this study, the room-temperature fabrication of MIL-100(Fe) was established using a ligand-to-metal molar ratio of 0.95 and an acetic acid concentration of 5.1 vol% for 6.2 h. The optimum MIL-100(Fe) was tested for crystal violet removal and provided an optimum removal capacity of 182.66 ± 3.81 mg/g. Statistical approaches are used to investigate the independent parameters and their interactions contributing to MIL-100(Fe) formation.
Potential Conversion of Coconut Husk-Waste to Magnetic Cellulose Designed for Synthetic Dye Removal Natajaya, Andrean; Ongkowijoyo, Felix Natanael; Yuliana, Maria; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Hartono, Sandy Budi
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jtl.2024.5779

Abstract

Increasing concern about sustainability and environmental issues caused by the massive amount of solid biomass waste in Indonesia has driven efforts to develop new products for various endues applications in energy, environment, and health sectors. This study uses coconut husk as the cellulose source to fabricate magnetic cellulose (MC) via coprecipitation with iron chloride salts. Combining cellulose with magnetite nanoparticles aims to improve the removal rate of synthetic dye as the latter provides high catalytic activity in the Fenton degradation process to eliminate persistent pollutants. The paramagnetic characteristics that MC possesses also make them quickly recovered after use. The adsorption capacity is found at 252.2 mg/g (pH 7, temperature of 30°C, the dye initial concentration of 100 ppm, and the precursor mass ratio of 1:4.8:25) for Rhodamine-B. The dye mineralization in this condition also reaches 50%, indicating that this adsorbent can be used as an efficient material to adsorb and degrade dye from an aqueous solution. This magnetic adsorbent will be of immense potential application for removing organic contaminants, particularly synthetic dyes, due to its good performance, simple separation, and ability to perform both adsorption and degradation processes simultaneously.
Biosorpsi Cu(II) oleh Pseudomonas putida Lintang Elsa Valerina; Saffira Zhazhabila Maulida; Adriana Anteng Anggorowati; Shella Permatasari Santoso
Widya Teknik Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): November
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v19i2.2631

Abstract

The one negative impact of industrial activities is the environmental pollution especially if contain heavy metals where the concentrations is exceed the Threshold Value (TLV). In this study, the biosorption of Cu (II) by Pseudomonas putida for reduce heavy metal in waste water. The biosorption with Pseudomonas putida was carried out in some initial variations of Cu (II), time adsorption, and pH. The concentration of Cu(II) after bisorption was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Based on the results of the study it was found that the greater initial concentration of Cu (II) from 8.000 ppm to 12.000 ppm the percentage decrease Cu (II) concentration is getting smaller. Whereas at the same initial concentration of Cu(II) 8.000 ppm the largest percentage reduction in Cu (II) concentration occurred at pH = 6 compared to pH = 4 and 5. This matter because metallothionein in the cell wall of Pseudomonas putida will be lysed under relatively acidic conditions at pH = 4 and pH = 5, if methallotionein lysis then the absorbed Cu (II) is smaller. In determining the biosorption kinetics constanta (k), the data is getting lower along with the increase in the initial concentration of Cu (II). This is because Cu(II) ion in solution are reactive to bacterial cells, which can cause cell damage result death bacteria. Based on the results measurements of Pseudomonas putida after the biosorption using FTIR it can be seen that the presence of Cu (II) is bound to the bacterial cell wall. This can be seen from the shift of absorption peak at wave number 420.45 cm-1 which indicates the presence of Cu-O groups.
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica Charantia) Sebagai Antibakteri dan Antifungi Rahel Primasita Panala; Stevani Noviyanti Seran; Adriana Anteng Anggorowati; Shella Permatasari Santoso
Widya Teknik Vol. 21 No. 1 (2022): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v21i1.2632

Abstract

Green-antibacterial is another alternatif as an antibiotic. One of the natural ingredients which has green-antibacterial properties is bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Bitter melon has compounds that function as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti carcinogenic. This is due to bitter melon fruit has active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. In this research, bitter melon is maserated by aquadest in a various ratio weight per volume (w/v) 1:40, 1:20, 1:13,3 and 1:10 for 24 hours. Filtrate is filtered then dried for 10 hours to get the crude extract of biter melon. phytochemical test, measurement of total phenolic content (TPC), antibacterial and antifungal test. According to the result, bitter melon extract contain alkaloids, saponins and tanins with the highest value of total phenolic content measurement is the rasio of 1:10 scilicet 0,3390 g GAE/g sample. The strongest inhibition is found in ratio 1:10 with an average diameter is 14,5 ± 2,12 mm. Whilst, for the antifungal test, the inhibition zone is only found in the 1:13,3 and 1:10 ratios with an average diameters are 7±0,42 mm dan 8,65±0,071 mm.
The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Biological Properties of Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica Linn.) Plant Extract Containing Carbon Dots Setiawaty, Natasya Nadia Poetri; Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo; Santoso, Shella Permatasari
Widya Teknik Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v22i1.4854

Abstract

Anting-anting plant (Acalypha indica Linn.) is shrubs that grow as a weed in most parts of tropical countries. The plant has a record of ethno-pharmacological uses by native Asians, the plant has especially been used widely in the therapeutically practice in India. Owing to its rich biological active compounds content, Acalypha indica is rendered as a wild-plants with excellent antioxidant activities. In this work, hydrothermal extraction was performed to obtained liquid products containing high biological active compounds and carbon dots from Acalypha indica plant powder. The effect of hydrothermal temperature of 100, 110, 120, 130, and 140°C was evaluated on the optical properties and biological activity of the resultant liquid products from A. indica. The results imply that the liquid products obtained at highest investigated hydrothermal temperature of 140°C  had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid content, specifically the calculated total phenolic content is 5.50 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content is 0.53 mg QE/g; that is higher than the non-hydrothermally treated extract. Owing to the high biological active compounds, the liquid products also show high radical scavenging activity, that is 78.5% against DPPH and 47.2% against superoxide radicals. The antibacterial assays show that the liquid product obtained from hydrothermal treatment at 140°C has better activity than the extract, with inhibition rate of 61.1 and 97.2% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
Antibacterial Activity and Polyphenols Content of Methanolic Extract of Sapindus Rarak Murni, Asmara; Rohman, Aufur; Angkawijaya, Artik Elisa; Santoso, Shella Permatasari
Widya Teknik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023): November
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v22i2.5409

Abstract

The study focused on the methanolic extract of lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.). The effect of varying extraction time and temperature on the polyphenols content of lerak extract was evaluated, that is by determining the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total saponin content (TSC). The increasing extraction temperature from 30°C to 70°C was found to give increase in TPC from 172 mg GAE/100 mg to 246 mg GAE/100 mg, further increase of extraction temperature to 90°C results in the decrease of TPC. Similar effect was also observed in TFC, where TFC was found to increase as the extraction temperature was increased to 70°C, with TFC of 79 mg QE/100 mg. TSC of lerak fruit extract at 70°C was found to be 17.6 mg/100 g. Antibacterial activity assay on the lerak fruit extract shows the potential inhibitory activity of the extract on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, wherein 95% inhibition efficiency can be achieved after the incubation of the bacteria in media containing 15 wt.% of the extract. The more prominent inhibitory effect of the extract was shown against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, the results of this study has demonstrated the potential of lerak fruit extract as natural antibacterial agent with foaming ability, which can be used as detergent additive.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Using Guaran/TiO2 Hydrogel Lee, Tommy; Samsuar, Marcelina; Yuiana, Maria; Santoso, Shella Permatasari
Widya Teknik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023): November
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v22i2.5415

Abstract

Natural polysaccharide, namely guar gum (guaran), was utilized as the raw material for preparing hydrogel adsorbent, TiO2 was added into the hydrogel to enhance the adsorption capacity. In this work, methylene blue dye was chosen as the adsorbate model to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of the prepared guaran/TiO2 hydrogel. Several physicochemical characterizations were performed to elucidate the characteristic of the hydrogel, including scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of temperature and pH on the adsorption efficiency of the guaran/TiO2 hydrogel toward methylene blue was evaluated. The result of the study reveals that the use of guaran/TiO2 hydrogel allow 69% removal of methylene blue from solution, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 224 mg/g at system pH of 10 and temperature of 303K. The adsorption process was found to fit with the Langmuir model, indicating homogenous surface energy of the adsorption sites. The evaluation on the thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption indicates the spontaneous and exothermic behavior of the adsorption. This study demonstrated the potential of the guaran for preparing an environmentally friendly hydrogel, which can be a good choice of adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
A Review of the Development and Role of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production Yuliana, Maria; Ismadji, Suryadi; Wijaya, Christian Julius; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Gunarto, Chintya; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng; Lourentius, Suratno
Widya Teknik Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v23i1.5453

Abstract

Indonesian regulations regarding the implementation of B30 encourage a significant increase in biodiesel demand. Moreover, this implementation will continue to be increased to B35 in 2025 and is projected to reach B100 in 2045. This high demand for biodiesel needs to be supported by the development of adequate biodiesel production technology where the catalyst is one aspect that plays an important role in biodiesel production. The use of catalysts aims to accelerate biodiesel production so that high biodiesel yields and good quality are achieved. In biodiesel production, the choice of catalyst greatly influences the operating conditions, the products produced, the subsequent purification process, and the environmental impacts. Moreover, the changing trend in biodiesel raw materials from food to non-food ingredients requires the development of catalysts that are more suitable for the raw materials used in biodiesel production. The specific characteristics of each catalyst play an important role in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel where this needs to be supported and adapted to optimum operating conditions, especially in terms of alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, temperature, pressure, and reaction time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various heterogeneous catalysts used to assist the transesterification reactions in biodiesel production.
Inovasi Pengolahan Minyak Bekas: Peningkatan Kualitas Melalui Adsorpsi FFA dan Produksi Sabun Cair Ernest, Edward Hartman; Widagdo, Antonius Jimmy; Ismadji, Suryadi; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Gosal, Ferdy
Widya Teknik Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v24i1.6089

Abstract

Minyak goreng bekas atau minyak jelantah merupakan limbah yang signifikan di Indonesia, dengan konsumsi nasional mencapai 13 juta liter pada 2019 dan sekitar 7,8 juta liter di antaranya berpotensi menjadi minyak jelantah. Pengelolaan minyak jelantah yang tidak optimal menyebabkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, seperti penyumbatan saluran air, penurunan kualitas tanah, dan gangguan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengurangi kandungan asam lemak bebas (FFA) dalam minyak jelantah melalui proses adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan NaOH dan HCl, untuk kemudian digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun cair. Karbon aktif diproduksi dari ampas kopi melalui karbonisasi pada suhu 550°C dan diaktivasi dengan NaOH 1 M atau HCl 1 M. Pengukuran kandungan FFA dilakukan dengan metode titrasi asam-basa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan NaOH memiliki efisiensi penghilangan FFA sebesar 32,12% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 28,76 mg/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan aktivasi dengan HCl yang memiliki efisiensi 28,14% dan kapasitas 22,82 mg/g. Aktivasi dengan NaOH menghasilkan pori-pori lebih besar dan lebih banyak situs aktif berupa gugus hidroksil, meningkatkan adsorpsi FFA melalui interaksi ion-dipol dan ikatan hidrogen. Sebaliknya, aktivasi dengan HCl cenderung meningkatkan keasaman permukaan karbon, mengurangi afinitas terhadap FFA. Pengujian sabun menunjukkan pH 8 yang sesuai untuk kulit, tekstur yang halus, aroma tidak menyengat, serta stabilitas formulasi yang baik setelah satu minggu. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi dengan karbon aktif NaOH efektif menurunkan FFA, memungkinkan produksi sabun cair ramah lingkungan dengan kualitas baik dan berpotensi komersial. Penelitian lanjutan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan metode ini untuk skala besar dan aplikasi pengolahan minyak daur ulang lainnya, termasuk untuk keperluan industri.
Co-Authors Adriana Anteng Anggorowati Adriana Anteng Anggorowati Adriana Anteng Anggorowati Afendi, Yulius Angkawijaya, Artik Elisa Aning Ayucitra Ayuningtyas, Debora Chatarina Dian Indrawati Ernest, Edward H Ernest, Edward Hartman Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas Felycia Edi Soetaredjo Gosal, Ferdy Gunarto, Chintya Hadi Hartono, Sandy Budi Imelda Panjaitan Juanda, Kevina Tomiko Lee, Tommy Lie, Jenni Lintang Elsa Valerina Lourentius, Suratno Murni, Asmara Natajaya, Andrean Niko Sanjaya Ongkowijoyo, Felix Natanael Puspitasari, Nathania Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo Rahel Primasita Panala Rohman, Aufur Saffira Zhazhabila Maulida Samsuar, Marcelina Setiawaty, Natasya Nadia Poetri Setiyo Gunawan Stevani Noviyanti Seran Suryadi Ismadji Wardhani, Rinda Wenny Irawaty Widagdo, Antonius Jimmy Wijaya, Christian Julius Yuiana, Maria Yuliana, Maria