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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Perbaikan Jumlah Sel-Î² Pankreas pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Hidayatulloh, Achmad Syarif; Suyatmi, .; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by decrease of insulin production and/or sensitivity. The hyperglycemia state increases free radical production which can damage pancreatic Î² cells through oxidative stress mechanism. Breadfruit leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins which can neutralize free radical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on pancreatic Î² cells in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study using posttest only group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 g. Subjects were divided into 5 treatment groups. Normal group, treatment group I, II, and III were intraperitoneally induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocine and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Negative control group and normal group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day NaCMC, whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. Treatments were conducted for 14 days and rats were terminated at day 15th. The ratsâ pancreases were made into preparations of glass slides with Gomori staining. Data on the numbers of normal pancreatic Î² cells were compared by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference of the numbers of normal pancreatic Î² cells among the groups (p<0.001). Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences, except comparisons between negative control group and treatment group I (p=0.548), and between treatment group III and normal group (p=0.548). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract can improve the numbers of pancreatic Î² cells in diabetic rats with an optimal dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, pancreatic Î² cells, diabetes mellitus, STZ-NA.Â

Student Perceptions towards Supporting Learning Factors in Skills Lab Farha Naily Fawzia; Ari Natalia Probandari; . Suyatmi
Nexus Pendidikan Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Pendidikan Kedokteran & Kesehatan
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Introduction: Clinical skills competence is one of areas of competence to be achieved by graduate of medical education institutions. As an effort to achieve clinical skills competency for the students, Medical Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) establishs Skills Lab. In learning clinical skills, there are various components that can support learning. Therefore this study aimed to explore students perceptions of the supporting learning factors in the Skills Lab. Methods: This study was a qualitative research which conducted in Medical Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret on October-November 2016. The study participants were the second year, third year, and fourth year students of Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. The method of collecting data was by focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by content anaylis. Data validation using triangulation method, peer debriefing, and member checking. Result: There are various factors influencing on learning in Skills Lab. Several factors were found in this study was instructor, curriculum, students, modules, infrastructure, and system in Skills Lab. According to student, an instructor must have a good character, good communication and interpersonal skills, competence in science, and have the appropriate skills and methods in teaching. In supporting learning, Skills Lab and blocks curriculum should be integrated and aligned. In addition, curriculum also has to be up to date with the development of the medical world. Students themselves have an influence in creating an effective learning. Students ideally should have motivation, adequate prior knowledge, and the attitudes and behavior in both the teaching and learning activities. Modules as well as infrastructure in the Skills Lab also act as a support when such facilities are available and adequate. System in Skills Lab is equally important. Various supporting activities such as monitoring-evaluation activities, and training of instructors need to be improved. Conclusion: In the perspective of a student, there are various factors that influence learning, including the instructors, curriculum, students, modules, infrastructure, and system in the Skills Lab. Keywords: supporting learning factors, Skills Lab, skills learning

Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Lina Kristanti Wibowo; . Suyatmi; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Kenikir leaves contain various kind of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, ?-carotene, minerals, and polyphenols which are known to protect kidneys from oxidative stress caused by free radical exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Kenikir leaf extract toward histological damage of the mice's kidney cells induced by Parasetamol. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study with the posttest only controlled group design. The samples were 35-Swiss webster male mice, aged 2-3 months, and weight about 20 gram. Samples were divided into five groups randomly. Normal group (KN) was given distilled water and Negative control (KK(-)) was given Parasetamol. Extract dosage of 2.8 mg, 5.6 mg, and 11.2 mg of kenikir leaves were given daily for 14 days to treatment group 1 (KP1), treatmen group 2 (KP2), and treatment group 3 (KP3), respectively. A toxic dosage of Parasetamol as much as 5.07 mg, was given to negative control group and treatment groups on day 12th, 13th, and 14th. On day 15th , mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. The kidneys were taken for histological preparation and stained with HE. The histological damage was assessed based on quantifying the pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis on 50 proximal tubuli of epithelial cells. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (? = 0.05). Results: The most damaged cells were found in KK(-) and the least in KN. The significant difference was observed among groups (One-way ANOVA test p = 0.000). The significant difference was observed between groups (Post Hoc test p = 0.000). They were KN-KK(-), KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Kenikir leaves can prevent the histological damage of the mice's kidney cell induced by Parasetamol. The increasing dose of the extract is followed by the increase of protective effect. Keywords: Kenikir leaves, histological damage, mice's kidney, Parasetamol

Efek Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Mencit Model yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Nur Hidayah; . Suyatmi; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) contains active compounds that have antioxidant effects consisting of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid and steroid. The aim of this research is to know the protective effect of Soursop Leaf Extract on the renal histological damage of mice induced by paracetamol Methods: This study was experimental research with the post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old and 20 g of body weight. Samples were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. The normal group (KN) and negative control group (KKn) were given distilled water for 14 days. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given soursop leaf extract in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg per g of body weight of mice, respectively, for 14 days. Paracetamol in dose 5.07 g per 20 g body weight of mice were given to KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th ,13th ,14th days. On the 15th day mice were sacrificed and then renal organ were taken for histological preparation and stained with HE. Renal histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 50 epithelial cells from proximal tubule of right and left renal organ. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and continued with Post Hoc (LSD) test. Results: The means of necrotic cells for KN, KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 were 8.17, 38.58, 26.92, 21.08 and 11.67, respectively. The One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of renal damage score in five groups with p = 0.000. The Post Hoc LSD test also showed significant difference among five groups, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract can prevent the histological damage of renal cells on mice induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Soursop leaf extract, paracetamol, renal histological damage

Cytotoxic Assay of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract (Annona muricata Linn.) on Breast Cancer Cell Line (T47D) In Vitro Dwiana Ardianti; . Suyatmi; . Mujosemedi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Cancer is a genetical disorder which involves dynamic changes of genome, that it causes abnormal cell growth, invasion and metastasis of cell. Breast cancer is found mostly on women. There are many phytochemistry bioactive compounds found in soursop plant. One of the most important component is annonaceous acetogenins. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D). Methods: This was experimental laboratory research. The cytotoxic effects of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract studied on cell line of breast cancer (T47D) in vitro were measured by MTT assay. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was compared to doxorubicyn. The data were analyzed to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50). Results: IC50 of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D) was 69.250mg/ml and doxorubicyn was < 0.195mg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the study, soursop leaf ethanol extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line (T47D) with IC50 = 69.25 mg/ml. Keywords: MTT assay, Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract, Cytotoxicity, Breast cancer cell line (T47D).

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Perbaikan Jumlah Sel-? Pankreas pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Achmad Syarif Hidayatulloh; . Suyatmi; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by decrease of insulin production and/or sensitivity. The hyperglycemia state increases free radical production which can damage pancreatic ? cells through oxidative stress mechanism. Breadfruit leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins which can neutralize free radical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on pancreatic ? cells in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study using posttest only group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 g. Subjects were divided into 5 treatment groups. Normal group, treatment group I, II, and III were intraperitoneally induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocine and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Negative control group and normal group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day NaCMC, whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. Treatments were conducted for 14 days and rats were terminated at day 15th. The rats pancreases were made into preparations of glass slides with Gomori staining. Data on the numbers of normal pancreatic ? cells were compared by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference of the numbers of normal pancreatic ? cells among the groups (p<0.001). Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences, except comparisons between negative control group and treatment group I (p=0.548), and between treatment group III and normal group (p=0.548). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract can improve the numbers of pancreatic ? cells in diabetic rats with an optimal dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, pancreatic ? cells, diabetes mellitus, STZ-NA.

Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Riris Arizka Wahyu Kumala; . Suyatmi; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, and steroid that are potent antioxidant to protect the liver from free radicals. The aim of this research was to know the hepatoprotective effect of soursop leaves extract toward liver histological damage of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with the post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and 20g of weight taken by incidental sampling. They were divided randomly into 5 groups, namely kelompok kontrol negatif (KKn), kelompok kontrol (KK), kelompok perlakuan 1 (KP1), kelompok perlakuan 2 (KP2), and kelompok perlakuan 3 (KP3). KKn and KK were given aquadest for 14 days. Soursop leaves extract were given to KP1, KP2, KP3 in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg/20gbw of mice respectively for 14 days. Paracetamol in dose 5.07 g/20gbw were given to KK, KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for histological preparation with paraffin block method and HE staining. Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karhyorhexis, and karyolysis of each 100 cells on the 3rd zone. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0,05) and continued with Post Hoc (LSD) test (? = 0,05). Results: The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score among groups, *p = 0.000. Results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KK, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP2-KP3 with *p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Soursop leaves extract (Annona muricata L.) can prevent liver histological damage of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol.Keywords: Soursop leaves extract, paracetamol, histological damage of liver cell

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Debora Marga Pangestika; . Suyatmi; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has various components such as betalain, flavonoid, phenolic, ?-karoten, vitamin C and E, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Selenium. These components are potent to be antioxidant to protect liver from free radicals. The aims of this research were to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beets on histologic damage of mices liver cells induced by paracetamol and the dose dependent of this extract. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with the posttest only controlled group design. The subjects of this reaseach were 30 Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and 20 grams of weight, divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups were KK(-), KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3. Aquadest was administered to KK(-) and KK(+). Paracetamol was administered to KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the day 12, 13 and 14. Red beet extracts were administered to KP1, KP2, and KP3 in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20 g BW of mice, successively. The hepatoprotective effects were assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 100 hepatocytes at central lobe zone of liver. Results: The result of One-Way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a significant difference among each other group. The linear regression test p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a correlation between increasing dosage and improving protective effect on mices liver cell damage. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of red beet had protective effect on histologic damage of mices liver cells induced by paracetamol. The increasing dosage of the red beet extract improved the protective effect to liver cells. Keywords : ethanol extract red beet, mice liver cells, paracetamol

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Alvian Oscar Irawan; . Suyatmi; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Kenikir leaf contains flavonoids, phenolic acid, saponin, carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, Fe, Zn, and Cu. They are potential antioxidants being capable of protecting cells from free radical. The aim of this research is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leafs ethanol extract on mice induced by paracetamol. Methods: This research was a laboratory-based experiment with the post-test only with control group design. The samples of 35 male Swiss webster mice, aged 2-3 months with 20 gram of weight were randomly divided into 5 groups. The groups were normal group (KN), negative control group (KK(-)), treatment group 1 (KP1), treatment group 2 (KP2), and treatment group 3 (KP3). Extract dosage of 2.8 mg, 5.6 mg, and 11.2 mg were administered daily for 14 days to KP1, KP2 and KP3, respectively. A toxic dosage of paracetamol was administered to KK(-), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on day 12th, 13th, and 14th. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation and the liver were prepared and stained with HE for histology study. The degree of damage being due to the paracetamol was based on summation of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis nucleus. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05), followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) (? = 0.05) test. Results: The One-Way ANOVA test result was p = 0.000 (p < ?). The statistical LSD test result was p = 0.000 (p < ?), which showed significant differences in the hepatic damage between KN-KK(-), KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3 group. Conclutions: The administration of kenikir leafs extract is able to prevent the damage in mices liver cells induced by paracetamol. Keyword: ethanol extract, kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaf, paracetamol, liver cells, mice

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