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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN, INDIA AND INDONESIA Azam, Muhammad
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 26, No 1 (2011): January
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (59.4 KB)

In this study an attempt has been made to investigate the effects of economic factors onÂ foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Simple loglinear regression model for each country has been used and the method of least squaresÂ has been applied. Empirical results show that market size, domestic investment, tradeopenness, and physical infrastructure are the important economic determinants of FDI.Further, this study also found that the empirical results of the economic determinants ofÂ India matched with empirical results of Pakistan except two determinates (i.e., tradeopenness and government consumption), while that of Indonesia do not match withÂ Pakistan and India. For attracting more FDI into Pakistan and India, the managementÂ authoritiesâ needs to ensure economic and political stability, provision of infrastructure,Â peace and security, encouraging domestic investment and adoption of appropriateÂ macroeconomic stabilization policy. Furthermore, this study recommend the sameÂ measures for Indonesia and suggest that more future research work are required forÂ empirical investigation of determinants of FDI in Indonesia, to enhance the desirable levelÂ of FDI into the country.Keywords: foreign direct investment, Pakistan, India, Indonesia

Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate(K2SiO3) Azam, Muhammad; Anas, Muhammad; Erniwati, Erniwati
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Fisika Vol 5, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Fisika
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36709/jipfi.v5i3.13803

This study aims to determine the effect of variation of activation temperature of activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palmacquired in four steps: preparationsteps, carbonizationstepsusing the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The iodine and methyleneblue adsorption testedby Titrimetric method and Spectrophotometry methodrespectively. The results of the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue activated carbon from sugar palm bunches increased from 240.55 mg/g and 63.14 mg/g at a temperature of 600 oC to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 325.80 mg/g and 73.59 mg/g at temperature of 700 oC and decreased by 257.54 mg/g and 52.03 mg/g at a temperature of 800 oCrespectively.However, it does not meet to Indonesia standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI), which is 750 mg/g and 120 mg/g respectively.

Pelatihan Penyusunan Modul Pra Matematika (MOPRAMAT) dalam Mengenalkan Konsep Matematika Anak Usia Dini Jumadi, Jumadi; Kristiana, Dian; Azam, Muhammad
Jurnal Solutif: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Solutif: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Yayasan Arrahman Nahdlatul Wathan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61692/solutif.v3i1.221

Aisyiyah Sukosari Babadan Ponorogo is a school located on the northern edge of the city of Ponorogo which has 2 groups, namely group A aged 4-5 years and group B aged 5-6 years with a total of 3 teachers. With a total of 3 teachers with a Bachelor of Education background. The large number of schools in the Sukosari area means that there are not too many students at this school. Based on the results of interviews with school principals, basic mathematics skills are still low. There are still many students who do not understand the concept of numbers correctly, they are only able to count. The learning carried out by teachers is also not innovative and creative. Early childhood teachers need assistance, workshops for preparing learning modules that are innovative, fun and easy to understand for young children to facilitate a good teaching and learning process. The solutions implemented to solve the problem include: visiting partner schools to map partner problems, compiling modules that are easy to understand according to partner problems, holding training in preparing Mopramat (Pre-Mathematics Module) to introduce early childhood mathematics concepts.

Servicescape Sebagai Anteseden Pada Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus di Gerai Yogyatourium PT. Aseli Dagadu Djokdja Tahun 2019) Azam, Muhammad; Adhilla, Fitroh
GEMA EKONOMI Vol 12 No 5 (2023): GEMA EKONOMI
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gresik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55129/https://doi.org/10.55129/.v12i4.2927

Every consumer who comes to a store or service place will want to get the best service as expected and the service environment is the first aspect that consumers will feel. PT. Aseli Dagadu Djokdja has the largest outlet named Yogyatourium (Yogya Tourism Laboratourium), in this case Dagadu must be able to present a service environment that can make consumers feel satisfied considering that Dagadu is a creative industry company that has been established for quite a long time and has achieved many achievements. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a positive influence of the service environment dimension (servicescape) on customer satisfaction at Yogyatourium outlets. The method used in this study is nonparametric statistical analysis to test hypotheses. The sample data of this study was taken by non-probability sampling techniques using incidental and purposive sampling techniques. This means that anyone who visits the Yogyatourium outlet and coincidentally meets the researcher and is considered to fit the predetermined criteria can become a research respondent. The population in this study is all consumers of PT. Aseli Dagadu Djogdja who visited Dagadu Yogyatourium outlet, while the target sample determined was 60 samples. This study uses CFA as a validity test with alpha 0.5 and is declared valid if it has a loading factor value of > 0.5 and the indicator forms one component. Research reliability tests use Cronbach's alpha formula and are declared reliable if they have a reliability coefficient of â‰¥ 0.6. The results of the analysis in this study state that all variables in the service environment dimension (servicescape) have a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. This means that if the better the quality of the servicescape dimension formed, the higher the level of customer satisfaction at Yogyatourium outlets. This research is expected to be useful for readers and for companies to always improve the quality of their service environment.

Servicescape Sebagai Anteseden Pada Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus di Gerai Yogyatourium PT. Aseli Dagadu Djokdja Tahun 2019) Azam, Muhammad; Adhilla, Fitroh
GEMA EKONOMI Vol 12 No 5 (2023): GEMA EKONOMI
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gresik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55129/https://doi.org/10.55129/.v12i4.2927

Every consumer who comes to a store or service place will want to get the best service as expected and the service environment is the first aspect that consumers will feel. PT. Aseli Dagadu Djokdja has the largest outlet named Yogyatourium (Yogya Tourism Laboratourium), in this case Dagadu must be able to present a service environment that can make consumers feel satisfied considering that Dagadu is a creative industry company that has been established for quite a long time and has achieved many achievements. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a positive influence of the service environment dimension (servicescape) on customer satisfaction at Yogyatourium outlets. The method used in this study is nonparametric statistical analysis to test hypotheses. The sample data of this study was taken by non-probability sampling techniques using incidental and purposive sampling techniques. This means that anyone who visits the Yogyatourium outlet and coincidentally meets the researcher and is considered to fit the predetermined criteria can become a research respondent. The population in this study is all consumers of PT. Aseli Dagadu Djogdja who visited Dagadu Yogyatourium outlet, while the target sample determined was 60 samples. This study uses CFA as a validity test with alpha 0.5 and is declared valid if it has a loading factor value of > 0.5 and the indicator forms one component. Research reliability tests use Cronbach's alpha formula and are declared reliable if they have a reliability coefficient of â‰¥ 0.6. The results of the analysis in this study state that all variables in the service environment dimension (servicescape) have a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. This means that if the better the quality of the servicescape dimension formed, the higher the level of customer satisfaction at Yogyatourium outlets. This research is expected to be useful for readers and for companies to always improve the quality of their service environment.

E-Contract Withdrawal Rights in E-Commerce: A Comparative Analysis of the Egyptian Consumer Protection Law and Islamic Jurisprudential Perspectives Azam, Muhammad; Al-Farjani, Saleh Hashem; Mashdurohatun, Anis; Elsonbaty, Atta; Salman, Mohammed Abdullah
Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jua.v8i2.44766

This research examines the right of withdrawal in e-contracts within the realm of e-commerce, specifically under the Egyptian Consumer Protection Law No. 181 of 2018, through the lens of Islamic jurisprudence. The study focuses on the practical application of the right of withdrawal in e-commerce, particularly concerning the consumer's ability to cancel a contract post-purchase without the opportunity for physical inspection of the goods. The objective is to elucidate the conceptual framework, statutory basis, and practical implications of the right of withdrawal within both the Islamic and Egyptian legal systems, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness in safeguarding consumer rights. The research adopts a qualitative methodology with a comparative analytical approach, encompassing an examination of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, the relevant provisions of Egyptian legislation, a thorough analysis of statutory texts, and the perspectives of legal scholars. The findings indicate that both Islamic jurisprudence and Egyptian legislation acknowledge the consumer's right to withdraw under specific conditions. Nonetheless, practical limitations persist, particularly in the digital marketplace, where product characteristics and the logistics of returning goods pose challenges to the enforcement of consumer rights. This study contributes by presenting a comprehensive comparison between traditional Islamic options (khiyār al-ru'yah, khiyār al-'ayb, khiyār al-Shart) and contemporary legislative mechanisms, thereby highlighting their mutual aim of protecting the weaker party in transactions. It is anticipated that the Egyptian government will amend Article 40 of the Consumer Protection Law to ensure a fair allocation of costs associated with the return of goods between consumers and sellers. Furthermore, the significance of consumers' understanding of their rights and responsibilities regarding the recall of goods within the electronic contract framework must be emphasised.

Observation of Wear Characteristic on Razor Blades with Different Materials and Lubricants Gasni, Dedison; Putra, Haznam; Azam, Muhammad
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal (METAL)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.7.2.18-22.2023

Wear of razor blades often occurs when a man shaves his facial. In this paper, the observation of wear characteristic with different types of material and lubricant is investigated. The experiment was conducted on 6 students of the Mechanical Engineering study program with uniform beards and mustaches for 6 weeks. Each week, the wear from the surface of each blade was observed using an optical microscope. Two types of razors were investigared with different materials based on the price, which are consisted of cheap razor (type-A) and expensive razor (type-B), each of which has 3 blades. There were three types of lubricants used, namely: water, liquid soap, and foam. The result shows that type-B razor is better than type-B razor because the material has a high carbon content based on chemical content from testing with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Foam lubricant can slow down the wear on razor blades. The 1st blade razor wears out faster than the 2nd and 3rd bladem, respectively.

Mamnu’ min al Sharf (Diptotes) in the Book al Mawa’idz al ‘Ushfuriyyah (Morphosyntax Analysis) Hasyim, Mohamad Yusuf Ahmad; Zaenudin, Ahmad; Fahmi, Muhammad Danial; Mudrofin, Mudrofin; Kamaluddin, Kamaluddin; Azam, Muhammad
Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31958/lughawiyah.v7i2.16041

This study aims to know the types, patterns, cases and grammatical markers, and syntactic functions of mamnu’ min al sharf in the book al Mawa’idz al ‘Ushfuriyyah. This research employs a descriptive method with a library research design. The data were taken from the book al Mawa’idz al ‘Ushfuriyyah using reading and writing technique, with the researchers serving as the main research instrument. The results of this study show: based on types and patterns, there are eight types of mamnu’ min al sharf with varied patterns. Based on cases and grammatical markers, there are 21 nominative case data (marked with the vowel sound suffix /u/ and vowel sound suffix /u/ supposed), 7 accusative case data (marked with the vowel sound suffix /a/ and vowel sound suffix /a/ supposed), 31 genitive case data (marked with the vowel sound suffix /a/ and vowel sound suffix /a/ supposed), and 1 permanent datum in accusative case slot (marked with permanent with the vowel sound suffix /u/). Based on syntactic functions, there are data having syntactic functions such as topic, comment, agent, pro-agent, comment of indeed, noun of to be, object, comment of to be, noun of indeed, vocative noun, genitive case noun, genitive complement, conjunct, and attributive adjective. This study examines mamnu’ min al-sharf in Al-Mawa‘idz al-‘Ushfuriyyah to identify its types, patterns, cases and grammatical markers, and syntactic functions. The findings contribute to Arabic grammatical studies and practically support Arabic language teaching by clarifying the contextual use of mamnu’ min al-sharf.

Religious Diversity in the Digital Economy: Interfaith Legal Pathways to Harmonize Sharia, Christian Ethics, and International Law Azam, Muhammad; Abdul-Majeed Hamdoun, Abdullah; Alhaleem Maslat Harahsheh , Eid Abed; Mashdurohatun, Anis; Sidauruk, Hamonangan Parsaulian
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Digital Society and Interfaith Legal Challenges
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v4i2.33011

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has generated new opportunities for commerce, communication, and innovation, while simultaneously producing complex legal and ethical challenges with profound implications for religious communities in plural societies. Practices such as fraudulent halal certification in online markets, algorithmic bias affecting devotional content, misinformation that exacerbates interreligious tensions, and fintech models that risk violating prohibitions on riba, gharar, and maisir illustrate how digital governance intersects with religious norms and international legal standards. This article examines five key domains in which these interactions are most visible: consumer protection, religious data privacy, online speech and blasphemy-adjacent harms, fintech ethics, and the recognition of cross-border electronic contracts. The study analyzes statutory instruments, international regulatory frameworks, and Sharia jurisprudence alongside Christian and secular legal-ethical perspectives to assess points of convergence and divergence. The findings reveal substantial agreement across traditions on prohibiting fraud, ensuring transparency, and protecting human dignity, alongside persistent tensions regarding religious sensitivities in advertising, content moderation, and financial design. To address these challenges, the article proposes a harmonization roadmap that includes soft-law guidance for digital platforms, faith-sensitive model clauses for e-contracts and online dispute resolution, judicial interpretive canons grounded in maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and international human-rights norms, regulatory sandboxes for ethical fintech innovation, and academic partnerships for training, auditing, and accountability. By situating digital-economy governance within an interfaith legal framework, the article offers a pathway for transforming digital marketplaces into spaces of fairness, inclusivity, and constructive interreligious coexistence, with particular relevance for Muslim-majority contexts such as Indonesia.

School of D-RAD : An Effort of Deradicalization for Former Terrorism Convict Masyhar, Ali; Muhammad Azil Maskur; Pawenang, Eram Tunggul; Nadhira Madania Dimarti; Azam, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jphi.v8i2.34458

This community service is designed to help “Yayasan Persaudaraan Anak Negeri” (Persadani), a Semarang-based foundation comprised of former terrorism convicts, actively engaged in deradicalization efforts. The main issue that is faced by Yayasan Persadani is that there has not been a systematic program to help them in the deradicalization and social reintegration process. Moreover, the lack of religion-based moderation approaches to support deradicalization caused a challenge in preventing them from returning to the radical networks. Yayasan Persadani also faced the lack of a curriculum that is suitable for the life skills of the members and a continuous psychosocial support. School of D-RAD was offered as a solution to those challenges. The School of D-RAD functions as a training hub for the deradicalization of terrorism ex-convicts, assisting 10 participants in their rehabilitation process. It has 3 main programs which are, Religious Moderation Education, Ideological Rehabilitation, Psychological Support with Social Stigma Reduction, as well as Role-Playing and Anti-Radicalism Educational Games. The output target for this activity are, A publication in accredited national scientific journal; A news report on electronic/mass media; a video report of the activity on youtube; and copyright. The expected outcome of this program includes of the hope that the creation of School of D-RAD will be a place for deradicalization, empowerment, the participant’s increased understanding in the religion moderation values for ex-terrorism convicts.

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