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Pemanfaatan tanin dari kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) sebagai bahan penyamak nabati: pengaruh penambahan alum dan mimosa Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Sutyasmi, Sri; Widowati, Titik Purwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 1 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Tingi barkâs extract as vegetable tanning material and the optimum formulations of Tingi extract for lining leather tanning, when combined with alum and mimosa. The research variables included the solution compositions of alum, Tingi extract, and mimosa, as well as the process sequences in which the hides were exposed to each aforementioned solution. There were 8 (eight) different treatments performed in this research; those are alum (4%)-Tingi, alum (6%)-Tingi, alum (4%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), alum (6%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), Tingi-alum (4%),Tingi-alum (6%), Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (4%), and Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (6%). Characterization methods included chemical and physical tests. The results show that the Tingi extract can be used as vegetable tanning material, and the optimum properties were obtained when the alum (4%) was added after the Tingi extract {Tingi-alum (4%)}.The optimum properties were shrinkage temperature of 86 oC; total ash content of 0.73%; water soluble matter of 0.89%; pH of 3.78; degree of tannage of 96.37%; tensile strength of 370.65 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 36.52%; rubfastness of 5 (dry); and 4 (wet). The resulting leather also meet the requirements of Ethiopian Standard 1185:2005, Leather-Lining leather-Specification. Keywords: Tingi barkâs extract, alum, mimosa, vegetable tanning, lining leather.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak kulit kayu Tingi sebagai bahan penyamak nabati dan formulasi ekstrak Tingi yang optimal pada penyamakan kulit lapis, ketika dikombinasikan dengan alum dan mimosa. Variabel penelitian meliputi komposisi larutan alum, ekstrak Tingi, dan mimosa, serta urutan proses di mana kulit diekspos ke masing-masing larutan tersebut di atas. Terdapat 8 (delapan) perlakuan berbeda dalamÂ penelitian ini, yaitu alum (4%)-Tingi, alum (6%)-Tingi, alum (4%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), alum (6%)-Tingi-mimosa(5%), Tingi-alum (4%), Tingi-alum (6%), Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (4%), and Tingi-mimosa-alum (6%). Metode karakterisasi meliputi pengujian kimia dan fisika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Tingi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati, dan sifat-sifat optimum diperoleh ketika penambahan alum (4%) dilakukan setelah penambahan ekstrak Tingi {Tingi-alum (4%)}. Sifat-sifat optimum tersebut adalah: suhu kerut 86oC; kadar abu jumlah 0,73%; kadar zat larut dalam air 0,89%; pH 3,78; derajat penyamakan 96,37%; penyamakan masak; kekuatan tarik 370,65 kg/cm2; kemuluran 36,52 %; ketahanan gosok cat nilai 5 (kering) dan 4 (basah). Kulit yang dihasilkan juga memenuhi persyaratan Ethiopian Standard 1185: 2005, LeatherâLining leather-Specification. Â Kata kunci : kulit kayu Tingi,Â alum, mimosa, bahan penyamak nabati,Â kulit lapis.

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator) Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Sutyasmi, Sri; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 2 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin is exotic leather because it has a unique grain. Therefore, the original grain of the animal needs to be maintained in the finishing process so that its performances look likes natural. This research aimed to study the effect of tanning materials (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) on morphology, organoleptic and mechanical properties of lizard skin. The materials used in this study were dry preserved lizard skins. The research varied on the types of tanning (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) each by varying the finishing materials (casein and protein binders). The tests were conducted on the observation of the structure using photomicrographs, rub fastness, adhesion of finish strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and organoleptic. The results showed that the best result was vegetable tanned lizard skin using natural finish with casein and met the requirements of SNI 06-4362-1996, lizard skin for shoe upper. This gave dry and wet rub fastness of 5 and 5 respectively; dry and wet adhesion of finish strength of 650 and 100 g/cm respectively; tensile strength of 207.43 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 37.52% and organoleptic value of panelists observations of 87.9 (good).Keywords: Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin, tanning, finish type, morphology, organoleptic and mechanical propertiesABSTRAKKulit biawak (Varanus salvator) merupakan kulit exotic karena memiliki rajah yang unik, oleh karena itu dalam proses finishingnya rajah asli dari binatang tersebut perlu dipertahankan agar tampak alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan penyamak (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit biawak awet kering dan variasi yang dilakukan meliputi variasi jenis penyamakan (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) dengan penggunaan bahan finishing yang bervariasi (kasein dan binder protein). Uji yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan struktur menggunakan fotomikrograf, uji ketahanan gosok cat, kekuatan rekat cat tutup, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, dan organoleptis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang terbaik adalah kulit biawak yang disamak nabati menggunakan tipe finish natural dengan kasein dan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4362-1996, Kulit biawak untuk atasan sepatu, dengan nilai ketahanan gosok cat kering dan basah berturut-turut 5 dan 5; kekuatan rekat cat tutup kering dan basah berturut-turut 650 dan 100 g/cm; kekuatan tarik 207,43 kg/cm2; kemuluran 37,52%; dan nilai organoleptis hasil pengamatan panelis 87,9 (baik).Kata kunci: kulit biawak (Varanus salvator), penyamakan, tipe finish, morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis.

Penggunaan enzim bacillus megatorium DSM-319 pada proses perendaman penyamakan kulit jaket Susila, R. Jaka; Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Sutyasmi, Sri
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 2 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to obtain eco-friendly soaking process for goatskin and to shorten the soaking time. The enzyme used in the soaking process was Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, with enzyme concentration of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% and soaking time of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. Each sample were tested for skin histology observation using photomicrograph, protein concentration analysis, tensile strength, elongation, colour fastness (dry and wet) and flexibility. The results showed that protein content of goat skin was decreased 42.32% after optimum soaking with 1% enzyme for one hour. The results of the physical testing of jacket leather with optimum soaking process met the quality requirements of SNI 4593:2011 Sheep/goat jacket leather.Keywords: Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, enzyme, soaking, goatskin, jacketABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan proses perendaman kulit kambing yang ramah lingkungan dan untuk mempersingkat waktu proses perendaman. Enzim Bacillus megatorium DSM-319 digunakan dalam perendaman dengan konsentrasi enzim berturut turut 0,5; 1 dan 1,5% dan variasi waktu berturut turut 1; 1,5 dan 2 jam. Evaluasi keberhasilan proses perendaman dilakukan dengan pengamatan histologi kulit menggunakan fotomikrograf, analisis kadar protein, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, ketahanan gosok cat (kering dan basah) dan kelenturan. Hasil analisis kadar protein menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein kulit kambing setelah perendaman optimal pada konsentrasi enzim 1% selama 1 jam dengan penurunan sebesar 42,32%. Hasil uji fisika kulit jaket dari kulit kambing hasil perendaman dengan konsentrasi enzim sebesar 1% selama 1 jam telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang sesuai dengan SNI 4593:2011 Kulit jaket domba/kambing.Kata kunci: Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, enzim, perendaman, kulit kambing, jaket

Pemanfaatan kembali air limbah terolah dengan sistem wetland untuk pembuatan kulit glace Sutyasmi, Sri
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 1 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Tanneries use large quantities of water and produce high pollutant load. Wastewater recycling is an effective way to conserve water supplies. The purpose of this study was to reuse wastewater that has been treated with a wetland system to save water and to apply cleaner production in tannery industry. The treated wastewater was tested in accordance with the test requirements of water used for leather tanning process. The treated wastewater test results met the requirements of SNI 06-0649-1989 Water for the tanning process. Furthermore, treated wastewater was used for leather tanning process with variations of wastewater used were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The resulting leather was tested in accordance with SNI 06-0253-1989 Quality requirement of goat glace leather. The test results met the SNI. Utilization of 75 % wastewater gave the best result.Â ABSTRAKPenggunaan air di industri penyamakan kulit sangat besar, demikian juga air limbah yang dihasilkan, yang tentu saja mengandung beban pencemar yang tinggi sehingga perlu pengolahan yang sesuai agar bisa digunakan kembali untuk menghemat sumber daya air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan kembali air limbah yang sudah terolah dengan sistem wetland untuk menghemat air dan menerapan produksi bersih di industri penyamakan kulit. Air limbah yang sudah terolah diuji sesuai dengan persyaratan uji air yang digunakan untuk proses penyamakan kulit. Hasil uji air limbah terolah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-0649-1989 Air untuk proses penyamakan kulit. Selanjutnya air limbah terolah digunakan untuk proses penyamakan kulit dengan variasi air limbah yang digunakan adalah 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100%. Kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan diuji sesuai dengan SNI 06-0253-1989 tentang Syarat Mutu Kulit Glace Kambing. Hasil uji kulit memenuhi SNI dan hasil uji mutu kulit terbaik adalah pada variasi 75% penggunaan air limbah.

Pemanfaatan kembali krom limbah shaving untuk penyamakan kulit Sutyasmi, Sri; Supraptiningsih, Supraptiningsih
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 2 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the extent of chrome in shaving waste that can be recovered and reused for tanning the leather and to reduce environmental pollution. Three kg of chrome shaving waste was hydrolyzed with NaOH by variation of 1, 2 and 3 % respectively in 10 liters of water, at temperature of 100oC for 1 hour. The results solution was then filtered to separate the chrome from the collagen protein . The filtered solids chrome was recovery by concentrated using sulfuric acid. The resulting chrome has Cr2O3 about 11 g/kg of chromium with utiluzation of 2 % NaOH. The recovered chrome was used for tanning goat skin with variation of 0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 100% respectively from total chrome used for tanning leather. Test result showed that the variation of 60 % met the standard of SNI 0253-2009: Upper leather footwear-goat. The use of recovered chrome reduce environmental pollution. Keywords: chrome, hydrolysis, shaving waste, tannery, environment protection. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sampai berapa jauh senyawa krom dalam limbah shaving bisa di peroleh dan dimanfaatkan kembali untuk penyamakan kulit serta untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Untuk itu setiap 3 kg limbah shaving yang mengandung senyawa krom dihidrolisis dengan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi berturut-turut 1, 2 dan 3% dalam 10 liter air,Â padaÂ suhu 100o C, selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya larutan yang dihasilkan disaring untuk memisahkan senyawa kromÂ dariÂ protein kolagen. Senyawa krom yang tertahan pada saringan diperoleh kembali denganÂ menggunakan Asam Sulfat pekat. Senyawa krom yang dihasilkan mempunyai kadar Cr2O3 Â± 11 g/kg dengan penggunaan NaOH sebesar 2%. Krom yang didapatkan digunakan untuk menyamak kulit kambing. Variasi penggunaan krom hasil recovery yaituÂ 0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 dan 100% dari total krom yang digunakan untuk menyamak kulit. Hasil uji kulit tersamak menunjukkan bahwa variasi 60% memenuhi SNIÂ 0253-2009: Kulit bagian atas alas kaki-kulit kambing. Penggunaaan krom hasil recovery mengurangiÂ pencemaran lingkungan. Kata kunci: krom, hidrolisis, limbah shaving, penyamakan kulit, perlindungan lingkungan

Penggunaan tanaman air (bambu air dan melati air) pada pengolahan air limbah penyamakan kulit untuk menurunkan beban pencemar dengan sistem wetland dan adsorpsi Sutyasmi, Sri; Susanto, Heru Budi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 2 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

ABSTRACTWastewater treatment using wetland and adsorption system were carried out to improve the properties of secondary settling pondâ s outlet. The purpose of this research was to reduce pollutant level from the secondary settling pondâs outlet so it could be used in the wetland stage and the treated wastewater could be reused. Wastewater effluent from secondary settling pond was discharged into adsorber and subsequently into wetland by flow rate arrangement. Laboratory simulation was carried out to find out the capacity of aquatic plants in reducing the pollutant level. The result showed that the BOD, COD and TSS value of wastewater from laboratory simulation were 191 mg/l, 6.24 mg/l, and 24 mg/l, and after the wetland stage were 409 mg/l, 10.32 mg/l, and 145 mg/l respectively. The quality of wastewater met the standard SNI 06-0649-1989 Water for tannery.Â Keywords: adsorption, aquatic plant, wastewater treatment, wetland Â ABSTRAK Pengolahan air limbah dengan sistem wetland dan adsorpsi merupakan teknik pengolahan air limbah lanjutan dari bak pengendap II untuk memperbaiki kualitas air limbah yang keluar dari bak pengendap tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menurunkan beban pencemar dari bak pengendap II agar bisa masuk ke sistem wetland (agar tanaman tidak mati) dan air limbah hasil perlakuan bisa digunakan kembali. Air limbah yang keluar dari bak pengendap II dimasukkan ke bak adsorpsi dan selanjutnya dialirkan ke wetland dengan pengaturan debit. Untuk mengetahui sampai seberapa jauh tanaman air bisa menurunkan beban pencemar maka perlu dibuat percobaan simulasi skala Laboratorium. Hasil uji kualitas air limbah hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Total Suspended Solids (TSS) berturut-turut sebesar 191 mg/l; 6,24 mg/l; dan 24 mg/l sedangkan sesudah melalui sistem wetland berturut-turut 409 mg/l; 10,32 mg/l; dan 145 mg/l. Hasil uji kualitas air hasil percobaan memenuhi persyaratan dalam SNI 06-0649-1989 tentang Air untuk penyamakan kulit.Â Kata kunci: adsorpsi, tanaman air, pengolahan air limbah, wetland

Pemanfaatan trimming kulit pikel sebagai flokulan melalui hidrolisis kolagen menggunakan basa untuk penjernihan air Sugihartono, Sugihartono; Sutyasmi, Sri; Prayitno, Prayitno
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 1 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Wastes in the form of skin derivatives from leather tanning industries remain serious problems if not managed properly and quickly, since they can cause environmental pollution. This research aimed at studying the influence of base type and concentration for the hydrolysis of trimmed collagen from pickled sheepskin to the yield and properties of gelatin, as well as the gelatinâs potential as flocculant. The hydrolysis of trimmed collagen from pickled sheepskin was performed using KOH or NaOH solution, each with varied concentrations of 1, 2, 3, and 4% w/v, for 16 hours. The extraction of the resulting gelatin was performed using water (2.5 water part : 1 waste part), at 70-80 oC, for 3 hours. The results show that the yield of gelatin from hydrolysis using KOH (16.50-28.60%) is lower than that using NaOH (23.68-34.42%). The water and fat contents of the resulting gelatin were relatively similar, while the protein content from KOH treatment was higher than that from NaOH treatment. Hydrolysis with KOH 1% and NaOH 1% and 2% resulted in gelatin that can be used as flocculant. Hydrolysis with NaOH 2% was the best treatment to produce gelatin as flocculant.Keywords: pickled sheepskin, trimming waste, hydrolysis, gelatin,Â flocculant.ABSTRAKLimbah berupa kulit turunan dari industri penyamakan kulit masih menjadi masalah serius apabila tidak ditangani secara tepat dan cepat, karena dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi basa untuk hidrolisis kolagen hasil trimming kulit domba pikel terhadap rendemen dan sifat gelatin serta kemampuannya sebagai flokulan. Hidrolisis kolagen hasil trimming kulit domba pikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan KOH dan NaOH, dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 1, 2, 3, dan 4% b/v selama 16 jam. Ekstraksi gelatin dilakukan dengan menggunakan air (2,5 bagian air : 1 bagian kulit) pada suhu 70 â 80 oC, selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen gelatin hasil hidrolisis menggunakan KOH adalah sebesar 16,5 - 28,60%, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan menggunakan NaOH, yaitu sebesar 23,68 - 34,42%. Kandungan air dan lemak gelatin relatif sama, sedangkan kandungan protein hasil perlakuan KOH lebih tinggi dari pada NaOH. Sebaliknya, kandungan abu dan pH perlakuan KOH lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan NaOH. Hidrolisis dengan KOH 1% dan NaOH 1% serta 2% menghasilkan gelatin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai flokulan. Hidrolisis menggunakan NaOH 2% merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan gelatin sebagai flokulan.Kata kunci: kulit domba pikel, limbah trimming, hidrolisis, gelatin, flokulan.

Pemanfaatan lumpur limbah industri penyamakan kulit untuk kompos dan pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan krom dalam tanaman uji (jagung dan sawi) Sutyasmi, Sri; Sunaryo, Ignatius; Mustafa, Hadi; Susila, Jaka
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to use waste sludge from leather tanning industry for compos and its influence to chromium content in the treatment plant (Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L). In such way it is useful for agriculture and it can prevent the environment pollution. Sludge from leather tanning waste water treatment is around 250 kg per ton hide/skin being processed. If it is not be managed, this kind of sludge will distributes bad smell because of the highly protein content. The nitrogen content within the sludge varies from 2 â 10 %, calciumÂ 10 â 30 %, chromium 0.2 â 3 %, so it is comfortable to use for compos. The activities for making compos were carried out in one of the leather tanning industries in Yogyakarta. Compos was made by following the Windows method with the composition of sludge 45%, rice shell 14.8 %, rice bran 0.2 %, earth 40% and P. Bio 100 ml per kilogram compos mixture. The results of raw sludgeÂ of raw sludge analysis before to be used for making compos was N total 2.163%, C organic 44.60%, P. total 0.24%, the available P was 0.012 %, K total 0.54 %, the available K was 0.3 %, C/N ratio was 20.62 and chromium content was 0.39%. the result of compos analysis was N totalÂ 0.605%, C organic 82.23%, P total 0.11%, the available P was 0.038%, K total 0.017%, the available K was 0.69%, C/N ratio was 135.98 and chromium content was 0.26%. compos then used for fertilize to Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L Â and their growth rate were noticed and the chromium content in the Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L Â was analyzed in the part of roots, stems, leaves and fruits. Based on the noticed and analyzed data could be seen that chromium content in the Zea mays were not be detected; whereas the chromium content in Brassica rugosa were 28.76 g/kg in roots, 30.78 g/kg in stems, 15.30 30.78 g/kg in leaves. It is suggested that this kind of compos don not used for vegetable but for high plants. Â Keywords : sludge, tanning industry, compos, environment. Â Â Â Â Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan lumpur limbah yang berasal dari UPAL untuk dijadikan kompos dan melihat pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan krom dalam tanaman uji (jagung dan sawi). Dengan demikian dapat bermanfaat untuk petani serta mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Lumpur UPAL industry penyamakan kulit mempunyai volume sekitar 250 kg/ton kulit yang diproses. Lumpur tersebut apabila tidak segera ditangani akan menimbulkan bau busuk karena kandungan proteinnya masih tinggi. Kandungan nitrogen antara 2 â 10%, Calsium 10 â 30%, krom 0,2 â 3 %, sehingga memungkinkan untuk dibuat kompos. Pembuatan kompos dari lumpur dilakukan disalah satu perusahaan penyamakan kulit di daerah Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Windrows dengan komposisi lumpur 45%, sekam 14,8%, bekatul 0,2 %, tanah 40% dan P Bio yang digunakan adalah 100 ml/ kg campuran kompos. Hasil uji lumpur sebelum dijadikan kompos N total 2,163 %, C organik 44, 60%, P total 0,24 %, P tersedia 0,012%, K total 0,54 %, K tersedia 0,3% dan C /N ratio 20,62. Sedangkan hasil uji kompos adalah N total 0,605 %, C Organik 82,23%, P total 0,11%, P tersedia 0,038%, K total 0,017 %, K tersedia 0,69% dan C/N ratio 135,98%. Kompos kemudian dipupukkan kedalam tanaman jagung dan sawi dan dilihat pertumbuhannya serta diuji kandungan krom dalam jagung dan sawi mulai dari akar, batang, daun dan buah, kandungan krom dalam jagung tidak terdeteksi sedangkan dalam sawi mulai dari akar, dalam akar 28,7 g/kg, batang 30, 78 g/kg dan pada daun 15,30 g/kg. kompos dari lumpur cocok untuk tanaman tinggi.Â Kata Kunci : lumpur, industri penyamakan kulit, kompos, lingkungan.Â

Penggunaan lemak fleshing industri penyamakan kulit untuk pembuatan sabun mandi Sunaryo, Ignatius; Sutyasmi, Sri; Widari, Widari; Murwati, Murwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

An experimentation the Use of Fat from Fleshing of Leather Tanning Industry to Produce Bath Soap was aimed to use the fat from fleshing to gain the alternative source of basic material for bath soap, to assist the industry to solve the environmental pollution and increasing the population income. The point to be gained after finishing this experiment was to find out the problem solving of environmental pollution problem caused by fleshing from leather tanning industry. Goat/sheep fleshing from one of leather tannings in Yogyakarta was collected and had been used as a source of fat. Fat from fleshing was produced by 3 kinds of heating those were coocked, âkukusâ, and steam. The results of fat analysis showed that the average of saphonification value was 201.01; free faty acid value was 0.86%; acid value was 1.72 and the unsaphonification fat value was 1.44%. The variations of fat used for bath soap manufacture were 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 75%; whereas the variations of sodium hydrokside were 11, 14, 17. 20 and 23, each of which was in parts. The result of this experiment showed that the fat from fleshing could be a source of fat and could be used for bath soap manufacture. In such way, it could be as a pollultion problem solving to the industry. The result of bathÂ soap analysis showed that almost all of the variations of fat and sodium hydrokside could meet the SNI 06-3532-1994 about bath soap. Economically point of view showed that the value of producing fat in various regions such as Jabotabek, West Java, Center Java, DIY and East would vary from Rp6,000,000,- to Rp.200,000,000,-; whereas the value of producing bath soap would vary from Rp 21,000,000,- - Rp 700,000,000,-Â Key words: fleshing, fat, soap, environment, tannery, waste management.Â

Pengaruh penggunaan tepung fleshing dalam pakan ayam pedaging terhadap kenaikan bobot ayam Widowati, Titik Purwati; Susila, R. Jaka; Sutyasmi, Sri
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Â TheÂ fleshing waste ratio of leather processing is very high, that was about 70-230 kgs/ton of raw material. Those waste containing high amount of protein. The aim of this experiment was to know the influenceof fleshing powder on the increasing of broiler body weight. This experiment was classified into two steps. The first step was focused on the preparation of fleshing powder. The second step was the application of fleshing powder as protein substitute of broiler feed. The results showedÂ that the quality of fleshing powder prepared by pressurize steaming at 2 atm for 15 min was better than by unpressurized method. The additional and the final weight of broilers feed by fleshing powder were not significantly difference with the control. Therefore, fleshing powder could be used as protein substitute on the prepraration of broiler feed instead of fish powder.Â Â Key words : fleshing, protein powder,broiler feed, friendly environment.Â

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