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A Motherâ€™s Involvement in Preserving Patriarchal Power in Anita Desaiâ€™s Fasting, Feasting Maharani, Elizabeth Ratih; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 16, No 2 (2016): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

The issue of womenâ€™s oppression is an actual issue which provokes endless discussion. This issue is the domain of feministâ€™s struggle until now. There are many theories of feminism in literature. This article employs psychoanalytic feminism approach to examine the relation between womenâ€™s oppression and women's psyche to finally reveal that a mother (Mama) is involved in preserving the power of patriarchy in the family through her typical treatments toward her daughters (Uma and Aruna). Three conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, Mama is depicted as a narrow-minded, insecure, and status-oriented woman. Uma is an alienated, inferior and curious daughter. Aruna is a superior, status-oriented, and beauty-addicted daughter. Secondly, Mamaâ€™s treatment reflects patriarchal values. She prioritizes her son to get nutritious food and qualified education. Mama burdens her daughters with great responsibilities to take care of the house, gives them less freedom for selfexpression, and teaches them that womenâ€™s self-worth is determined by their physical attractiveness. Thirdly, there are two factors underlying Mamaâ€™s involvement in preserving the power of patriarchy. The first factor is the influence of her mother who made distinctive treatments based on gender toward her children. The second factor is the influence of tradition that addresses child-rearing responsibilities to mothers. Fathers only set the rules, they do not participate in this duty. Mama passes this role down to her daughters. As a result, she is involved in preserving patriarchal power. Keywords: patriarchal power, psychoalanytic feminism, Anita Desai

The Impact of Mores on the Major Charactersâ€™ Life in Ibsenâ€™s Ghost Prawita, R. Widya Yudha; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 14, No 1 (2014): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study examines the presence of mores as one aspect which constructs the social life in society as portrayed in Ibsenâ€™s Ghosts. The mores as a manifestation of societyâ€™s demands become important key aspect which may give influence in oneâ€™s life in his efforts to build social interaction within the community. Through the mores, the societyâ€™s expectation of ideal social situation is being projected. Some problems have been formulated as follows to see the way the major characters deal with the mores and the impact that may occur in their life. Firstly, it observes how the major characters are presented and what are the mores practiced. Secondly, it discusses what the impact of the mores on the major charactersâ€™ life that comes out as the result of major charactersâ€™ responses toward the mores. Based on the analysis, it shows that charactersâ€™ characteristics are various. The obdurate and conservative characteristic can be seen through Manders while Mrs. Alving is presented as an openminded and critical though she seems like a doubter. Being different is Oswald which is more expressive, liberal and rebellious. The various kinds of characteristics above have significant role in the way a character response the demands of the society (the mores). Meanwhile in the world of reality, sometimes what is considered as an ideal in mores is not always appropriate to be applied in the real condition. This dilemma may lead some people to give various responses or even behave recklessly in dealing with mores. Then, consequently, whatever the response taken or shown by the people in responding the mores at last will bring a new impact in their life as an individual. Keywords: the mores, society, social life

Criticisms towards the Idea of Proper Woman in Jessie Burtonâ€™s The Miniaturist Wardana, Theresia Anggarani; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 2 (2017): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

A discussion about a proper woman always includes the discussion of the concept of separate spheres. In Victorian Age for instance, a proper woman is perfectly described by the term â€˜Angel in the Houseâ€™. Seventeenth century Netherlands also expected the same thing for women in that era. The concept of separate spheres along with its expectations of womenâ€™s proper roles is an example of social construction of gender which defines women. This study is conducted to reveal the criticisms towards the idea of proper woman in The Miniaturist.The results of this study are: first, women who are considered proper by the society in The Miniaturist have two roles, which are being a wife and being a mother. Moreover, women are also expected to have five characteristics: obedient, powerless, submissive, dependent, and domesticated. Second, The Miniaturist, using the setting in the 17th century Netherlands as a tool to criticize people in the 21st century, tries to redefine the way society thinks, including women, about womenâ€™s life. The criticisms found in the novel cover four things: criticism towards womenâ€™s expected roles; criticism towards womenâ€™s obedience; criticism towards womenâ€™s powerlessness, submissiveness, and dependence; and criticism towards womenâ€™s domestication. The text tries to make women more aware of their own value. Women are also suggested to have self-dominion over themselves, and be more critical, independent, and tougher. Societyâ€™s mindset regarding womenâ€™s value and capability in the present time is also redefined. The most important thing is the text tries to make people in the 21st century understand women as individuals or persons who have their own right and independence.Keywords: criticism, proper womanÂ

The Resistance of Women towards Sexual Terrorism in Eve Enslerâ€™s The Vagina Monologues Ruruk, Laurencya Hellene Larasati; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 15, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

In this present time, women are still oppressed and considered as the inferior class to men. One of the literary works containing the evidence is The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler. The monologues inside it share the experiences of various women who have been physically, mentally, and sexually terrorized. From those experiences of the women in the monologues, this study tries to identify the sexual terrorism that is experienced by each woman in each monologue, and at the same time, tries to examine the resistance of the women towards the sexual terrorism.Men use sexual terrorism as a tool to control womenâ€™s autonomy over their own body, sexuality, and reproduction. It occurs to any woman in any situation. Sexual terrorism is there to keep women in the subordinate position. The awareness of the women towards the sexual terrorism triggers their resistance towards it. Each woman experiences different situation of sexual terrorism, therefore their ways of resisting the terror are also varied. Feminism approach is used in this study in order to see the accurate analysis of the condition of the woman in each monologue.Keywords: sexual terrorism, women, resistance

DIASPORA-INDONESIAN LITERATURE WORKS OF INDONESIAN IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA IN THE 2010s Adji, Peni; Mulyani, Sri; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 1, No 2 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Diaspora literature studies have been extensively conducted in the world of literature. However, Indonesian diaspora literature has not been conducted widely in the Indonesian literature studies. To begin with, this study will examine the diaspora literature written by Indonesian immigrants in America in the 2010s. The first genre of Indonesian diaspora literature by Indonesian immigrants in America in the 2010s includes the history novel, Only a Girl: Menantang Phoenix (by Lian Gouw) which talks about the history of Chinese society in the Dutch-Indonesian era until the Indonesian independence and Candik Ala 1965 (by Tinuk R. Yampolsky) which tells the history of G/30/S/PKI. The second is the short story genre, which is Mantra Maia (by Sofie Dewayani) and the third are memory stories, which is This is America, Beibeh (by Dian Nugraheni) both of which raise the issue of Indonesian migrant communities in America. Diaspora problems are always related to the identity construction. The identity in Only a Girl: Menantang Phoenix is the migratory tendency and avoidance of racial conflicts inherent in Chinese people, who migrated to Indonesia, and who eventually migrated to America. The identity in Candik Ala 1965 is the Indonesian political migrant in America who position themselves as the victims of violence in the Suharto regime. The identity contained in the Mantra Maia short stories collection is a new world (America) that makes the migrants experience the psychological tension between success and failure of adaptation. The identity depicted in the memory stories of This is America, Beibeh is the identity of the Indonesian migrants who are able to adapt positively, by always comparing their new experiences with their old experiences in Indonesia.DOI:Â https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.010201

Binary Opposition as the Manifestation of the Spirit of Meiji in Natsume SÅsekiâ€™s Kokoro Christanda, Richard Ahadi Christanda; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 19, No 2 (2019): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Every period in history has its own unique identity. Meiji period in historical Japan is no exception to this, having its own identity called the spirit of Meiji. This research attempts to reveal this identity, which present in the story of Kokoro, by using binary opposition. Binary opposition allows comparing and examining contradicting elements. Since the spirit of Meiji is defined as having â€œtwo contradictory elementsâ€, therefore, binary opposition is suitable for revealing the spirit of Meiji.The goal of this research is to show how binary opposition constitutes as a crucial element to the unique identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji. In order to achieve this, two research problems are used as guides. One is how story of Kokoro presents the binary oppositions and two is how the spirit of Meiji manifests in the binary oppositions.In this research, library research was conducted in order to collect the relevant data. It uses texts in both printed form and digital form. The primary source for the research is the novel Kokoro by NatsumeSÅseki while the secondary sources are taken from various books and articles.The first step in explaining the spirit of Meiji is to examine the binary oppositions within in the story. The binary oppositions itself are revealed through the characters and the setting of the story. Through these two elements, five binary oppositions are revealed. They are past against present, old against young, rural against urban, community against privacy, and family against individual. These binary oppositions are then compared to the situation in real-world Meiji period in order to validate whether they really are the spirit of Meiji or not. It is then, through this direct comparison, the binary oppositions are found mirroring the situation in the real Meiji period. Therefore, it can be concluded that binary opposition is the manifestation of the identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji.

DIASPORA-INDONESIAN LITERATURE WORKS OF INDONESIAN IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA IN THE 2010s Adji, Peni; Mulyani, Sri; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu
International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 1, No 2 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v1i2.979

Diaspora literature studies have been extensively conducted in the world of literature. However, Indonesian diaspora literature has not been conducted widely in the Indonesian literature studies. To begin with, this study will examine the diaspora literature written by Indonesian immigrants in America in the 2010s. The first genre of Indonesian diaspora literature by Indonesian immigrants in America in the 2010s includes the history novel, Only a Girl: Menantang Phoenix (by Lian Gouw) which talks about the history of Chinese society in the Dutch-Indonesian era until the Indonesian independence and Candik Ala 1965 (by Tinuk R. Yampolsky) which tells the history of G/30/S/PKI. The second is the short story genre, which is Mantra Maia (by Sofie Dewayani) and the third are memory stories, which is This is America, Beibeh (by Dian Nugraheni) both of which raise the issue of Indonesian migrant communities in America. Diaspora problems are always related to the identity construction. The identity in Only a Girl: Menantang Phoenix is the migratory tendency and avoidance of racial conflicts inherent in Chinese people, who migrated to Indonesia, and who eventually migrated to America. The identity in Candik Ala 1965 is the Indonesian political migrant in America who position themselves as the victims of violence in the Suharto regime. The identity contained in the Mantra Maia short stories collection is a new world (America) that makes the migrants experience the psychological tension between success and failure of adaptation. The identity depicted in the memory stories of This is America, Beibeh is the identity of the Indonesian migrants who are able to adapt positively, by always comparing their new experiences with their old experiences in Indonesia.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.010201

A Mothers Involvement in Preserving Patriarchal Power in Anita Desais Fasting, Feasting Elizabeth Ratih Maharani; Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 16, No 2 (2016): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

The issue of womens oppression is an actual issue which provokes endless discussion. This issue is the domain of feminists struggle until now. There are many theories of feminism in literature. This article employs psychoanalytic feminism approach to examine the relation between womens oppression and women's psyche to finally reveal that a mother (Mama) is involved in preserving the power of patriarchy in the family through her typical treatments toward her daughters (Uma and Aruna). Three conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, Mama is depicted as a narrow-minded, insecure, and status-oriented woman. Uma is an alienated, inferior and curious daughter. Aruna is a superior, status-oriented, and beauty-addicted daughter. Secondly, Mamas treatment reflects patriarchal values. She prioritizes her son to get nutritious food and qualified education. Mama burdens her daughters with great responsibilities to take care of the house, gives them less freedom for selfexpression, and teaches them that womens self-worth is determined by their physical attractiveness. Thirdly, there are two factors underlying Mamas involvement in preserving the power of patriarchy. The first factor is the influence of her mother who made distinctive treatments based on gender toward her children. The second factor is the influence of tradition that addresses child-rearing responsibilities to mothers. Fathers only set the rules, they do not participate in this duty. Mama passes this role down to her daughters. As a result, she is involved in preserving patriarchal power. Keywords: patriarchal power, psychoalanytic feminism, Anita Desai

Criticisms towards the Idea of Proper Woman in Jessie Burtons The Miniaturist Theresia Anggarani Wardana; Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 2 (2017): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

A discussion about a proper woman always includes the discussion of the concept of separate spheres. In Victorian Age for instance, a proper woman is perfectly described by the term Angel in the House. Seventeenth century Netherlands also expected the same thing for women in that era. The concept of separate spheres along with its expectations of womens proper roles is an example of social construction of gender which defines women. This study is conducted to reveal the criticisms towards the idea of proper woman in The Miniaturist.The results of this study are: first, women who are considered proper by the society in The Miniaturist have two roles, which are being a wife and being a mother. Moreover, women are also expected to have five characteristics: obedient, powerless, submissive, dependent, and domesticated. Second, The Miniaturist, using the setting in the 17th century Netherlands as a tool to criticize people in the 21st century, tries to redefine the way society thinks, including women, about womens life. The criticisms found in the novel cover four things: criticism towards womens expected roles; criticism towards womens obedience; criticism towards womens powerlessness, submissiveness, and dependence; and criticism towards womens domestication. The text tries to make women more aware of their own value. Women are also suggested to have self-dominion over themselves, and be more critical, independent, and tougher. Societys mindset regarding womens value and capability in the present time is also redefined. The most important thing is the text tries to make people in the 21st century understand women as individuals or persons who have their own right and independence.Keywords: criticism, proper woman

Black Feminism Reflected through The Narrator’s Responses of Women Oppression In Maya Angelou’s Memoir: A Letter To My Daughter Elly Santi Pertiwi; Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Any unjust situation where one group denies another group is considered as oppression. This condition is possibly initiated by groups that assume their internal attribute as superior to another group. Therefore, the groups assume they have the right to deny another group's rights. Women oppression is one of kinds of oppression. The differences in physical and biological features of a woman's body benefit men with more privilege and no responsibility to carry children. As a result, a woman is considered as not necessarily need education and career path. A movement has arisen to defense oppressed women, especially women of color, whose experiences are not represented through the mainstream feminist movement. Black feminism's distinctive perspective sees oppression as an intersection of factors. This article aims to elaborate Black feminist perspective toward women oppression in Maya Angelou’s memoir entitled A Letter To My Daughter. The oppression experienced by Black women is identified in the form of the control of Black women images and the regulation of Black women bodies. The narrator’s critical perspective toward the oppression is articulated through her action in promoting self-definition and self-valuation to Black women. Self-empowerment enables Black women to resist and oppose any forms of oppression.

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