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Javan Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus auratus) Movement in a Fragmented Habitat, at Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia Subarkah, M. Hari; Wawandono, Novianto Bambang; Pudyatmoko, Satyawan; Subeno, Subeno; Nurvianto, Sandy; Budiman, Arif
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 7, No 2 (2011): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Pergerakan Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus) didaerah habitat terfragmentasi TamanÂ Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Pergerakan lutung budeng diÂ daerah habitat terfragmentasi diamati dengan metode transek. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwaada empat kelompok masing masing beranggotakan 12 (grup A), 16 (grup B), 15 (grup C) danÂ 12 lutung (grup D). Penelitian yang dilakukan disekitar hunian penduduk, jalan, hutanÂ terdegradasi dan jalan-jalan setapak mengindikasikan bahwa lutung dalam aktivitas hariannyaÂ memerlukan waktu 32,82% diantaranya digunakan untuk makan, 30,97% untuk istirahat dansisanya 31,79 untuk pergerakan perpindahan. Lutung dalam aktivitasnya 50,53% menggunakanÂ wilayah puncak kanopi tumbuhan, 41,99%menggunakan kanopi tumbuhan bagian tengah danÂ hanya 2,49 % yang menggunakan kanopi bawah.Kata kunci: Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus), habitat terfragmentasi

JAVAN LEAF MONKEY (TRACHYPITHECUS AURATUS) MOVEMENT IN A FRAGMENTED HABITAT, AT BROMO TENGGER SEMERU NATIONAL PARK, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA Subarkah, M. Hari; Wawandono, Novianto Bambang; Pudyatmoko, Satyawan; Subeno, Subeno; Nurvianto, Sandy; Budiman, Arif
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 7, No 2 (2011): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v7i2.3082

Pergerakan Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus) didaerah habitat terfragmentasi Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Pergerakan lutung budeng di daerah habitat terfragmentasi diamati dengan metode transek. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwaada empat kelompok masing masing beranggotakan 12 (grup A), 16 (grup B), 15 (grup C) dan 12 lutung (grup D). Penelitian yang dilakukan disekitar hunian penduduk, jalan, hutan terdegradasi dan jalan-jalan setapak mengindikasikan bahwa lutung dalam aktivitas hariannya memerlukan waktu 32,82% diantaranya digunakan untuk makan, 30,97% untuk istirahat dansisanya 31,79 untuk pergerakan perpindahan. Lutung dalam aktivitasnya 50,53% menggunakan wilayah puncak kanopi tumbuhan, 41,99%menggunakan kanopi tumbuhan bagian tengah dan hanya 2,49 % yang menggunakan kanopi bawah.Kata kunci: Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus), habitat terfragmentasi

DIVERSITY OF HERPETOFAUNA SPECIES AT THE SECTION I OF ALAS PURWO NATIONAL PARK , BANYUWANGI, EAST JAVA Bayu Wisnu Broto; Subeno Subeno
Widyariset Vol 15, No 3 (2012): Widyariset
Publisher : Pusbindiklat - LIPI

The existence of herpetofauna at the Alas Purwo National Park has been neglected. It has been shown bythe lack of diversity data of herpetofauna in the National Park. This research was aimed to inventory and identifyof herpetofauna at Section I of the Alas Purwo National Park Management (SPTN I) for determination of thediversity level (H’). Evenness Index (E), and Simpson Domination Value (D) were used in this research Observationfound 4 families of amphibian with 1.486 samples and 7 families of reptile with 90 samples. SPTN I AlasPurwo National Park was considered as a medium level of diversity with 1.93 of H value. The research suggeststhat SPTN I belongs to a middle diversity level, middle evenness index, and relatively low domination value.

DIVERSITY OF HERPETOFAUNA SPECIES AT THE SECTION I OF ALAS PURWO NATIONAL PARK , BANYUWANGI, EAST JAVA Bayu Wisnu Broto; Subeno Subeno
Widyariset Vol 15, No 3 (2012): Widyariset
Publisher : Pusbindiklat - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/widyariset.15.3.2012.519–526

The existence of herpetofauna at the Alas Purwo National Park has been neglected. It has been shown bythe lack of diversity data of herpetofauna in the National Park. This research was aimed to inventory and identifyof herpetofauna at Section I of the Alas Purwo National Park Management (SPTN I) for determination of thediversity level (H’). Evenness Index (E), and Simpson Domination Value (D) were used in this research Observationfound 4 families of amphibian with 1.486 samples and 7 families of reptile with 90 samples. SPTN I AlasPurwo National Park was considered as a medium level of diversity with 1.93 of H value. The research suggeststhat SPTN I belongs to a middle diversity level, middle evenness index, and relatively low domination value.

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragam Tanaman Pakan Rusa Bawean di Kawasan Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Bawean, Jawa Timur Subeno Subeno
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 3, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abundance and Diversity of Bawean Deer Foods in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary,Bawean Island,East JavaBawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is an endemic species to Bawean. Habitat change and loss, land conversion, and over exploitation affect the availability of potential food forBawean deer. The aims of this research were to identifi types ofpotential food for Bawean deer in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary, the abundance ofpotential foods in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary and the diversity of such potential foods. Data collected using line transects whose length was adjusted according to field condition. The line transects were located in parallel to natural trail of study area. Observation was done in the plots established along transect, where plant being eaten by Bawean deer was found. Plot has a circular form with diameter of 3.14 m. Distance between plots was determined to be 100 m. Indicators used to collect data were feces, footprint and bite or chew mark on food plants. Identification ofplant species was conducted directly for every plant which showed bite or chew mark Data concerning type ofplant and its number, part of plants which was bitten or chewed and plant height were recorded. Abundance will be determined from the number of potential foods in each location. The results were afterwards compared among three forest regions. The diversity of food plant species was determined using Shannon index. The result showed that there are 29 plants considered as potential food for Bawean deer. Most of the plants are grasses, and herbs, while woody plants are found in a small number. Leaves, shoots (buds) and fruits are part of plant often being eaten. There are 14 food plants occurred in Gunung Mas forest region, 27 food plants were found in Gunung Besar forest region and 13 food plants in Tanjung Cina Island. Taliata, rumput padang and gadung have high abundance in Gunung Mas forest region, the smallest abundance was occupied by kayu flat. Kabek-kabekan putih, lading-ladingan and taliata showed the highest abundance in Gunung Besar forest region, while karangsang has the lowest abundance. In Tanjung Cina Island, high abundance was dominated by gadung, taliowar and lading-ladingan. On the other hand, talicacing, kayu tekek and rombok putih showed low abundance. Among three study areas, Gunung Besar forest region has the highest diversity index, followed by Gunung Mas forest region and then Tanjung Cina Island.

Pola Aktivitas Harian dan Interaksi Banteng dan Rusa dalam Pemanfaatan Kawasan Padang Rumput Sadengan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur Subeno Subeno
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 1, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Daily Activities Pattern and InteractionBetween Banteng and Deerin Sadengan Grazing a Area in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East JavaThis research was aimed to compare the pattern of daily activities between banteng and deer, and their interaction on using feeding ground in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java. Methods used in this research were scan sampling, focused on groups of banteng and deer and focal animal sampling for four chosen individuals from each group. The observations began at 06.00 until 18.00. Daily activities recorded were resting, moving, feeding and drinking. Data analysis was done through arrangement of an ethogram to show daily activity and the time budget, and descriptive analysis to portray daily activity and interaction between banteng and deer. The results show that there are differences in the time used for resting and feeding between banteng and deer. Banteng used feeding ground more for resting (93,2%) and moving (5,7%). While deer used more for feeding (36,6%) and resting (61,8% ). Among chosen individuals of banteng and deer time variation in daily activities was apparent. Adult female of banteng has the highest time for resting (10,6 hours). It also occurred in adult female of deer (8,4 hours). Individual of deer which has the highest time for feeding is offspring with duration of 6,1 hours. Interaction between banteng and deer on using feeding ground tended toward symbiosis of commensalisms, in which they use it together without fighting. They too will vocalize together whenever other species wants to use the feeding ground.

Distribusi dan Keanekaragaman Herpetofauna di Hulu Sungai Gunung Sindoro, Jawa Tengah Subeno Subeno
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 12, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sebagian besar lahan di kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro sudah mengalami konversi menjadi tipe penggunaan lahan lain terutama pertanian. Kondisi ini tentu saja sangat memengaruhi potensi biotik yang ada di sana. Penggalian potensi fauna yaitu herpetofauna sangat perlu dilakukan karena herpetofauna bisa digunakan sebagai indikator kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dan keanekaragaman jenis herpetofauna yang ada di hulu sungai pada kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dengan rancangan transek. Penempatan transek sepanjang 1 km yang digunakan di sepanjang sungai yang ada di dalam kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data jenis yang meliputi nama jenis, jumlah individu/jenis, SVL (snout-vent length), berat, jenis kelamin, dan aktivitas saat dijumpai dan posisi dalam lingkungan. Selanjutnya digunakan indeks keragaman Shanon-Wiener untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman herpetofauna. Distribusi atau sebaran dilakukan dengan mengolah titik koordinat perjumpaan dengan herpetofauna menggunakan ArcView 3.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berhasil ditemukan sebanyak 14 jenis herpetofauna yang terdiri dari 4 jenis reptil dan 10 jenis amfibi. Famili Ranidae dan Dicroglossidae mendominasi jenis amfibi yaitu sebanyak 3 jenis dan untuk famili Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, dan Rhacophoridae masing-masing terdiri dari 1 jenis. Keempat jenis reptil yang ditemukan berasal dari 4 famili yang berbeda yaitu Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae, dan Scincidae. Indeks keragaman herpetofauna di kawasan tersebut memiliki nilai sebesar 1,03 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Persebaran spesies herpetofauna bervariasi dimana 1 spesies tersebar di seluruh lokasi pengamatan sedangkan 2 spesies tersebar di empat lokasi pengamatan. Selanjutnya, 1 spesies tersebar di 3 lokasi, 3 spesies yang tersebar di 2 lokasi, dan 6 spesies hanya ditemukan di 1 lokasi pengamatan. Distribution and Diversity of Herpetofauna in Upper River of Mount Sindoro, Central JavaAbstractMost of area on the slopes of Mount Sindoro has been converted from forest area to other land-use types, particularly into agriculture area. The massive conversion in this region can have a significant effect for its biotic conditions. The exploration of fauna, especially herpetofauna, is highly necessary as they can be used as indicators of environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution and diversity of herpetofauna in the upper river on the slopes of Mount Sindoro. The method used in this study was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with transects design. Transects were placed with the length of 1 km along rivers in the study area. We collected herpetofauna species, number of individuals, measured snout-vent length, weight, identified sex, and observing their activities when encountered. Further, Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to determine the diversity of herpetofauna. The mapping distribution of herpetofauna was done by processing the coordinates of an encountered herpetofauna with using ArcView 3.3. The results showed that from all of the study site, it had been found 14 species of herpetofauna which consisted of 4 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians. Family Ranidae and Dicroglossidae were dominant amphibians with 3 species. Further, family Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, and Rhacophoridae had 1 species for each. Four species of reptiles were found from 4 different families (Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae and Scincidae). Herpetofauna diversity index in the region had a value of 1.03 which was considered in a low category level. Distribution of herpetofauna species were varied i.e. 1 species scattered throughout the observation location whereas 2 species were spread across four observation sites. In addition, 1 species was spread over 3 locations, 3 species were spread across 2 locations and 6 species were only found in 1 location.

PCR Primer Spesifik Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome b untuk Deteksi Garangan (Herpestes javanicus) secara Molekuler Sena Adi Subrata; Subeno Subeno; Atus Syahbudin
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Garangan (Herpestes javanicus) merupakan salah satu spesies meso-carnivora yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem sebagai pemangsa. Kehadirannya dianggap mampu mengendalikan populasi spesies mangsa, termasuk beberapa spesies hama. Namun anggapan ini dianggap hanya anekdot karena kekurangan data ekologis pendukungnya sebagai dampak dari kesulitan pengamatan visual atas spesies ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang PCR primer untuk deteksi Garangan secara molekuler dari material organik yang ditinggalkan, misalnya kotoran. Perancangan PCR primer dimulai dengan memilih penanda spesifik Garangan yang melibatkan 51 sekuen DNA gen Cytochrome-b dari 19 spesies karnivora Jawa, menentukan primer forward dan reverse, dan menguji in-silico dan in vitro dari primer yang berhasil dirancang. Proses tersebut dilakukan dengan bantuan software MEGA 5 dan SP-Designer, dan memanfaatkan basis data genetik dari GenBank (NCBI). Uji in silico dan in vitro menunjukkan bahwa sekuen primer forward 5’- CAAATCACACCCACTCATTAAAATC-3’ dan reverse 5’-TGTGGGTTACTGATGAAAAGG-3’ akan mampu mendeteksi Garangan secara molekuler dari material organik spesies ini. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengumpulan data dasar kehadiran Garangan untuk mengumpulkan informasi lanjut tentang okupansi, distribusi spesies, dan pakannya. Informasi ini merupakan fondasi untuk memahami peran spesies ini dalam ekosistem. Specific PCR Primers Based on Cytochrome-b Gene for Molecular Detection of JavanMongoose (Herpestes javanicus)AbstractJavan Mongoose is a meso-carnivore species that have an important role in ecosystem as a predator. It is believed that its occurrence controls prey populations including some pest species. However, the belief is an anecdote because of lacking supportive data. Difficulty in visually observing the species is a major problem preventing data collection. This study aims to design PCR primer for detecting the Mongoose molecularly from organic material remaining, such as feces. The design starts with selecting specific marker from 51 DNA sequences of cytochrome-b. The DNA sequences were of 19 Javan carnivore collected from GenBank (NCBI). PCR primers were designed and tested using both in-silico and in-vitro techniques. The sequence collection and selection, and primer design process employed MEGA 5 and SP-Designer software. We successfully designed PCR primers: forward 5’- CAAATCACACCCACTCATTAAAATC-3’ dan reverse 5’-TGTGGGTTACTGATGAAAAGG-3’. The primer is capable of detecting Javan Mongoose from remaining organic material. The study contributed to basic data collection of Javan Mongoose for advanced studies such as occupancy modeling, species distribution modeling and diet analysis. This information is fundamental for understanding the role of the Javan Mongoose in an ecosystem.

Habitat Potensial Gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Resort Rawa Bunder, Seksi III Kuala Penet, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung Subeno, Subeno; Hariyanto, Awang; Satria, Ryan Adi
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 19 No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jik.v19i2.7724

Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) in Lampung serves as a critical habitat for the endangered Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). However, the area has increasingly experienced human-elephant conflicts, particularly at the Rawa Bunder Resort. This research aimed to assess the biophysical characteristics and map the distribution of potential elephant habitats within the resort area. Field data were collected using 70 nested plots distributed along established transects and analyzed through a modified sampling protocol. An Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster (AHC) analysis was employed to classify the habitats into suitable, moderately suitable, and less suitable categories. The georeferenced plot data were processed using ArcGIS 9.3 to create a habitat suitability map. The findings indicated that 24% of the plots were classified as suitable, 33% as moderately suitable, and 43% as less suitable. The suitable habitats were predominantly located in lowland forest areas, which represent a relatively small proportion of the total area. To expand suitable habitats and mitigate human-elephant conflicts, strategic habitat management measures, such as forest restoration and targeted enrichment, are essential. These results provide a spatial framework for conservation planning for elephant habitats in Way Kambas and other fragmented landscapes.

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