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COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EEG ELECTRODE PLACEMENT SYSTEMS TO DETECT EPILEPTIFORM ABNORMALITIES IN INFANTS Parameswaran, Sajeesh; Anil Kumar, Thankappakurup Vijayamma; Mohan1, Ajith; Thomas, John; Sajeev, Nikhil; Swarnam, Kamala; Pillai, Ananthanarayana Marthanda
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.7

Abstract

Background: Technical difficulties in placement of whole 10-20 electrode system is not uncommon in neonates and infants. Apart from the full channel many centers uses the modified and amplitude integrated EEG montages to identify seizures.Objective: Efficacy of standard, modified and amplitude integrated EEG electrode placement in infants to detect epileptiform abnormalities.Methods: All routine EEGs from June 2015 to April 2018 were taken. Age ≤ 2years at the time of recoding was the inclusion criteria. Digital EEG was performed according to standard 10-20 electrode placement system in all patients. Abnormal EEGs were reanalyzed in different montages like A) 21 electrodes- full channel, B) 10 electrodes- modified long distance and C)4 electrodes- (centro/parietal) respectively. Inter ictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), seizures, periodic complexes and non-specific dysfunctions were tabulated in all patients. Full channel montages are considered bench mark for the analysisResults: A total 129 EEGs analyzed. A) Full channel standard 21 electrodes montages could identify IEDs in 35, non-specific electrophysiological dysfunction in 9 and burst-suppression pattern in 2 EEGs. B) Modified electrode placement consists of 10 electrodes could identify IEDs only in 26 EEGs and non-specific electro physiological dysfunction in 6 EEGs. A total of 28 nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) recorded in 6 patients; 20 numbers of NCS (71.4%) seen in modified electrode placement (B) and only 16 (57.1%) seen in centro/parietal electrode placement (C)..Conclusion: Standard EEG electrode placement has higher yield in detecting epileptiform abnormalities.
Molecular Characterization of Begomovirus Infecting Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in Java, Indonesia Nurulita, Sari; Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti; Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah; Thomas, John
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 June 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.1.401

Abstract

Begomovirus has been identified as one of the causal agents associated with yellow mosaic disease in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.)) in Java. Previous studies reported that Begomovirus has infected several Leguminosae species in South Asia, and several Begomoviruses have also been reported to infect important crops in Indonesia based on nucleotide sequence characterization. This study was conducted to identify and characterize Begomovirus isolated from yardlong bean samples in Java based on specific genomic features of the Common Region. Samples were collected from yardlong bean fields in Central Java (Tegal, Magelang, and Klaten), Yogyakarta (Sleman), and West Java (Bogor and Subang); viral detection was performed using I-ELISA, PCR, and sequencing; and molecular characterization was conducted using BioEdit v.7.0.5 and MEGA 6.06 software. Yellow mosaic disease was observed in nearly all surveyed fields, and infection of Potyvirus and Begomovirus was detected either as single or mixed infection. PCR results confirmed Begomovirus infection in samples from Tegal, Klaten, Magelang, Subang, and Bogor. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus infecting yardlong bean was Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) and shared close genetic similarity with isolates from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Further analysis revealed conserved regions surrounding the Common Region, including the “TATA box” sequence, hairpin-loop structure, repetitive sequences, and the conserved nonanucleotide TAATATTAC. This study provides the first report of MYMIV infection in Indonesia.