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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri Science and Technology Indonesia
Rudy Salam, Rudy
Jurusan Teknik Industri, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Jl.H.R.Soebrantas No.155, KM 18, Simpang Baru Panam, Pekanbaru 28293
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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DESAIN EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH ZEOLIT TERHADAP PENURUNAN LIMBAH KADMIUM (Cd) Siska, Merry; Salam, Rudy
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi banyak disebabkan oleh limbah dari logam berat suatu industri, terutama industri pelapisan logam. Logam berat seperti kadmium (Cd) merupakan limbah dari pelapisan logam yang memiliki efek negatif bagi makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zeolit dalam menurunkan kadar limbah kadmium (Cd) dari proses pelapisan logam. Bahan kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan zeolit dalam menurunkan limbah kadmium (Cd) pada proses pelapisan logam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap untuk mengoptimalkan paduan parameter-parameter dan variabel yang ada dan hal yang berkaitan dengan penetapan baku mutu limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan. Setelah dilakukan eksperimen dan pengolahan data didapat nilai FHitung (0.22924) < F(Tabel, α, 0.05) (3.49) untuk tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan pada tingkat kepercayaan 99% FHitung (0.22924) < F(Tabel, α, 0.01) (5.95) maka hipotesis yang diajukan ditolak, sehingga hasil ini mengemukakan bahwa zeolit memberikan manfaat yang nyata terhadap penurunan kadar kadmium (Cd) limbah pelapisan logam. Disarankan bagi perusahaan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi dalam mengatasi limbah ini, harus ada penggunaan bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi limbah kadmium agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan dan sesuai ketetapan kementerian lingkungan hidup tanpa mengakibatkan polusi dan merusak ekosistem makhluk hidup lainnya.
DESAIN EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH ZEOLIT TERHADAP PENURUNAN LIMBAH KADMIUM (Cd) Siska, Merry; Salam, Rudy
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2012
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jiti.v11i2.924

Abstract

Pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi banyak disebabkan oleh limbah dari logam berat suatu industri, terutama industri pelapisan logam. Logam berat seperti kadmium (Cd) merupakan limbah dari pelapisan logam yang memiliki efek negatif bagi makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zeolit dalam menurunkan kadar limbah kadmium (Cd) dari proses pelapisan logam. Bahan kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan zeolit dalam menurunkan limbah kadmium (Cd) pada proses pelapisan logam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap untuk mengoptimalkan paduan parameter-parameter dan variabel yang ada dan hal yang berkaitan dengan penetapan baku mutu limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan. Setelah dilakukan eksperimen dan pengolahan data didapat nilai FHitung (0.22924) < F(Tabel, ?, 0.05) (3.49) untuk tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan pada tingkat kepercayaan 99% FHitung (0.22924) < F(Tabel, ?, 0.01) (5.95) maka hipotesis yang diajukan ditolak, sehingga hasil ini mengemukakan bahwa zeolit memberikan manfaat yang nyata terhadap penurunan kadar kadmium (Cd) limbah pelapisan logam. Disarankan bagi perusahaan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi dalam mengatasi limbah ini, harus ada penggunaan bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi limbah kadmium agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan dan sesuai ketetapan kementerian lingkungan hidup tanpa mengakibatkan polusi dan merusak ekosistem makhluk hidup lainnya.
Role of Antibody Anti-AGE in the Expression of Nephrin and RAGE on Primary Glomerulus Cell Exposed with AGE Salam, Rudy; Lyrawati, Diana; Samsu, Nur
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.02.03

Abstract

Upregulation of nephrin expression occurs at the early stage of nephropathy and decrease in the period 6 months on hyperglycaemic condition. Nephrin is associated with the initial stage of the loss of the permeability barrier in diabetic nephropathy. Interaction AGE-RAGE increases angiotensin II on Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and activation of protein kinase c (PKC) which induce alterations in nephrin mRNA expression. Alterations of nephrin expression induces transformation of slit membrane structure and the permeability changes at the glomerular filtration barrier. Anti-AGE vaccination once may cause the changes of nephrin and RAGE expression and can prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy. This study used primary glomerulus cell culture obtained from renal of Wistar mice aged 3 months, weighting 200-300 grams that consist of negative control group that exposed to BSA 100 µg/ml, positive control group that exposed to AGE-BSA 100 µg/ml, treatment group 1 that exposed to polyclonal anti-AGE 5 µg/ml and AGE-BSA 100 µg/ml and treatment group 2 that exposed to monoclonal antibody anti-CML 5 µg/ml and AGE-BSA 100 µg/ml. Paired t-test with a 0.05 level of confidence results showed that there were significant differences in level of RAGE expression among experimental groups with control groups. Administration of polyclonal antibody decreased RAGE expression among negative control (p=0.188). but not in positive control (p=0.000). In contrast to monoclonal anti-AGE antibody, RAGE expression did not differ significantly compared to negative control but significant than positive control. Administration of monoclonal anti-AGE antibody inhibited increasing of nephrin expression compared to negative and positive control (p=0.73; 0.125). In conclusion, this study suggested that administration of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-AGE antibody could inhibit increasing of RAGE and nephrin expression in glomerulus primary culture that exposed to AGE which is expected to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropaty.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: A Green Chemistry Approach for Drug Cocrystals Synthesis Puspita, Oktavia Eka; Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika; Salam, Rudy; Setyawan, Dwi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1130-1147

Abstract

Microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) presents a promising approach to the formation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, offering notable improvements in solubility, dissolution rate, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This review aims to evaluate the potential of MAS as a green and efficient strategy for drug cocrystal synthesis, particularly in comparison to conventional methods such as solvent evaporation, slurry crystallisation, and grinding techniques. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, to ensure a comprehensive selection of relevant studies. The analysis focused on reported synthesis methods, cocrystal formation under microwave exposure, reaction conditions, yields, purity, and scalability outcomes of MAS compared to conventional techniques. This review also highlight current applications, critical synthesis parameters, and challenges such as penetration depth, reaction uniformity, and thermal control. Findings indicate that MAS significantly reduces reaction time, minimizes solvent use, and enhances product purity and yield. Its compatibility with solvent-free or minimal-solvent processes aligns closely with green chemistry principles, making it a sustainable alternative. Furthermore, MAS effectively addresses solubility mismatches and process inefficiencies commonly encountered in traditional methods. The future prospect of MAS lies in its integration with continuous manufacturing, automation, and drug repurposing efforts, which could revolutionize pharmaceutical formulation by accelerating innovation while adhering to environmental and regulatory standards.
Co-Authors Diana Lyrawati Dwi Setyawan Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty MERRY SISKA Nur Samsu Oktavia Eka Puspita, Oktavia Eka