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All Journal Makara Journal of Science Environmental and Materials
Russell Francis Howe, Russell Francis
Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Physics

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Fe(III) Oxide-modified Indonesian Bentonite for Catalytic Photodegradation of Phenol in Water Pradisty, Novia Arinda; Sihombing, Riwandi; Howe, Russell Francis; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 21, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Phenol, which is a major organic pollutant, is usually detected in industrial wastewater, and thus the wastewater should be processed further before discharged into water bodies. Application of heterogeneous catalysis using natural-basedmaterials is known to be effective and environmentallyfriendlyinremoving hazardous substances in water. In this study, local natural bentonite from the Tapanuli region in Indonesia was modified to eliminate dissolved phenol. Elimination by photodegradation reaction was conductedinaphoto-Fenton system utilizing Fe(III) oxide-modifiedbentonite (Fe-B) as catalyst. Fe-B was prepared byacation exchanging process using mixture solutions of NaOH and FeCl3 with OH/Femolar ratio of 2:1 and calcined at 300 °C. Material characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-angle XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The reaction components consisted of ultraviolet Clight, H2O2, and Fe-B, and they were processed in a batch reactor. The role of each component was analyzed by a series of reaction conditions (i.e., adsorption, photolysis, H2O2effect, Fenton, and homogeneous photo-Fenton). The heterogeneous photo-Fenton system was found to be essential for phenol degradation, as none of the reaction conditions caused total phenol removal in the 180 min reaction time. To conclude, heterogeneous photo-Fenton gave the highest photodegradation activity, and the best experimental condition for 1.10 mM phenol removal was 5 g L-1 catalyst, 78.35 mM H2O2, and 90 minreaction time.
Optimizing vanillin and phenol production from benzyl phenyl ether using CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5: A Box-Behnken design approach Khatrin, Irena; Amanullah, Duha Rushida; Wibowo, Rahmat; Howe, Russell Francis; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 2: (December) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i2.2025.2161

Abstract

Background: Lignin valorization into high-value chemicals is crucial for sustainable development. This study focused on optimizing the catalytic conversion of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE), a lignin model compound, to vanillin and phenolic compounds. Methods: Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 was synthesized via a dual-template method and subsequently modified by wet impregnation with bimetallic cobalt and molybdenum oxides (CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5). Catalyst properties were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FTIR, XRF, N2-physisorption, and SEM-EDS mapping. Reaction conditions, specifically Co:Mo ratio, temperature, and reaction time, were optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD), and product yields were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Findings: Characterization confirmed successful catalyst synthesis, organic template removal, and bimetal oxide incorporation without significant structural damage. Catalytic tests demonstrated 100% BPE conversion. The highest experimental vanillin yield achieved was 54.69%. BBD analysis revealed that the interaction between Co:Mo ratio and temperature, as well as the quadratic effect of Co:Mo ratio, were the most influential factors impacting product yields. The optimal parameters for maximizing vanillin and phenolic yield were determined to be a Co:Mo ratio of 3:7, a temperature of 169 °C, and a reaction time of 31 minutes. While the phenolic model showed a reasonable fit (R² = 0.76), the vanillin model exhibited a lower fit (R² = 0.34) with significant lack-of-fit. Conclusion: This research provides crucial insights into the efficient production of high-value chemicals from BPE, offering a comprehensive optimization approach for the CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5 catalytic system. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study represents a novel contribution to lignin valorization.
Co-Authors Amanullah, Duha Rushida Khatrin, Irena Pradisty, Novia Arinda RAHMAT WIBOWO Riwandi Sihombing, Riwandi Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih