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THE PROBLEMS OF INHERITANCE DISTRIBUTION BEFORE DEATH Abdul Hakim; Ali Alkosibati
ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 23, No 1 (2022): Islamic Law and Economic
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ua.v23i1.15225

This article discusses the inheritance distribution before death which is the preference of many people in Babat, East Java. They thought this distribution could prevent dispute among the heirs after the death of the predecessor. However, the dispute is unavoidable. This distribution is also problematic from the perspective of the four madhhabs. This is a qualitative and library research using the case study approach. This study shows that the inheritance distribution before death in the Babat area generally uses hibah method; only some apply the wasiat method. Although the inheritance distribution before death is problematic from the perspective of the four madhhabs in some cases, this is the choice of the Babat community because they consider this method to be more effective in preventing disputes. The inheritance distribution before death also plays an important role in minimizing family disputes in the area, especially if hibah and wasiat are practiced according to Islamic law and issues related to hibah are completely resolved to avoid disputes and struggles for rights in the future. يناقش هذا البحث عملية تقسيم الميراث قبل الوفاة التي صارت اختيار كثيرٍ من الناس في منطقة بابات. إنهم يعتبرون هذا التقسيم أحسن طريقة لدفع النزاعات في الأسرة بعد وفاة المورّث. لكن في الواقع، لا تسلم هذه الطريقة من النزاعات. ومن تلك النزاعات ما أدى إلى طرد زوج المورثة من المنزل. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن تقسيم الميراث قبل الوفاة في منطقة بابات يتضمن مشكلات فقهية من وجهة نظر المذاهب الأربعة، لا سيما عند ممارسة عقد الهبة أو الوصية. هذا البحث هو البحث النوعي الميداني والمكتبي باستخدام منهج دراسة الحالة. توصل هذا البحث إلى أن تقسيم الميراث قبل الوفاة في منطقة بابات تم على طريقة الهبة في الغالب، وقد يتم التقسيم أيضا على طريقة الوصية، لكنه نادر. وإن كان تقسيم الميراث قبل الوفاة يتضمن مشكلات من وجهة نظر المذاهب الأربعة في بعض الحالات، إلا أنه صار اختيار المجتمع في بابات؛ لأنهم يعتبرون أن هذا التقسيم أكثر فعالية في منع النزاع. ويلعب تقسيم الميراث قبل الوفاة أيضًا دورًا مهمًا في تقليل النزاعات الأسرية في منطقة بابات، خاصة إذا كانت الهبات والوصايا تمت على وفق ما قُرّر في الشريعة الإسلامية وتم حل القضايا المتعلقة بالموهوب مثل تسجيل شهادات الأراضي وغيره لتجنب النزاعات والتناضل من أجل الحقوق في المستقبل.

AL-AHRUF AS-SAB‘AH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AL-QIRÂ’ÂT; Theory and Refutation of Orientalist Criticism of the Qur’an: AL-AHRUF AS-SAB‘AH DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN AL-QIRÂ’ÂT; Teori dan Sanggahan Atas Kritik Orientalis Terhadap Al-Qur’an Abdul Hakim; Oka Putra Pratama
Takwil: Journal of Quran and Hadith Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci

This article aims to determine the nature of al-ahruf as-sab‘ah and al-qirâ’ât. In addition, this article also refutes some orientalist criticisms and negative accusations against the Qur’an by referring to the opinions of classical and contemporary scholars. This article uses a qualitative research method with the type of library research. The approach used is the interpretation approach and ulum al-Qur’an. This study found that al-ahruf as-sab‘ah was originally a rukhsah given to Muslims at that time because many Muslims had difficulty reading the Qur’an with one kind of letter. However, the rukhsah is removed after the loss of excuse. At the time of Caliph Uthman, the Qur'an was written and recorded only qirâ’ât following the Quraish lahjah (dialect) and left other qirâ’ât to avoid disputes in the reading of the Qur’an. The bookkeeping and writing of the Qur'an at the time of Caliph Uthman was carried out very carefully with high accuracy and witnessed by many friends who memorized the Qur'an and were following al-‘ardhah al-akhîrah. This refutes the orientalists who doubt the authenticity of the Qur’an by accusing the existence of negligence, political motives, the banishment of some al-ahruf as-sab‘ah, different qirâ’ât, and Arabic writing.

Annulment of Marriage and Khuluk in Family Law in Muslim Countries: A Comparative Study of Family Law in Syria, Sudan, Turkey and Indonesia Abdul Hakim
Alhurriyah Vol 7, No 2 (2022): July - December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v7i2.5561

This research discusses the renewal of family law which regulates marriage, child-rearing, inheritance, and so on in several Muslim countries. In line with the times, countries, where the majority of the population is Muslim, have begun to reform their respective country's legal systems, both criminal law, and civil law. The research in this article aims to determine the comparison of one country to another according to the level of secular, liberal, or viewed from another side in efforts to reform family law. The research in this article is qualitative research using the literature study method. The research in this article uses a comparative and historical approach. Sources of data in this study are legal products of Islamic countries, scientific journals, and other supporting documents. The research in this article finds that Syria and Sudan are examples of Islamic countries that still maintain Islamic law and its values in their laws and regulations. Meanwhile, Turkey has gone far beyond Islamic law and adopted Western legal standards. Indonesia did not adopt Islamic law as a whole and also did not adopt Western law as a whole.

Controversy Over Sound System Rules in Places of Worship: a Fiqh Review Abdul Hakim
JURNAL PENELITIAN KEISLAMAN Vol. 19 No. 1 (2023): Contemporary Islamic Studies
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/jpk.v19i1.5407

Pengeras suara merupakan perlengkapan yang sangat penting keberadaannya dalam tempat ibadah. Hanya saja, Sebagian masyarakat merasa terganggu dengan penggunaan pengeras suara yang berlebihan dan dengan volume yang terlalu keras. Penelitian dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui butir-butir aturan mengenai pengeras suara di masjid dan musala, mengetahui posisi fikih terhadap butir-butir aturan tersebut dan mengetahui relevansi aturan tersebut untuk diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian dalam artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah analisis konten. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Surat Edaran Menteri Agama dan jurnalilmiah yang relevan. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menemukan bahwa aturan penggunaan pengeras suara yang dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Agama tidak bertentangan dengan fikih. Untuk memberlakukan aturan tentang penggunan pengeras suara di masjid perlu adanya sosialisasi antara pihak pemerintah dengan masyarakat. MUI menghimbau agar implementasi aturan pengeras suara masjid tidak digeneralisir dan memperhatikan kearifan lokal serta tidak kaku dalam penerapannya.

Keselamatan Non-Muslim Pedalaman dan Orang Eropa: Studi Konsep Ahl Al-Fatrah dan Aplikasinya di Era Modern Abdul Hakim; Ali Alkosibati
Al-Banjari : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Pascasarjana UIN ANTASARI Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18592/al-banjari.v22i1.7417

Abstract This article discusses the theory of ahl al-fatrah and its relevance to be applied in the current era. This article compares the theories of experts regarding ahl al-fatrah and the legal consequences of ahl al-fatrah after death. There are two questions that will be answered in this article, namely the status of the interior people or European people who do not know Islam properly, will they be tortured in Hell? What are the limits and conditions for people to be judged as ahl al-fatrah and safe from Hell? This article finds that some expert opinions point to the relevance of today's ahl al-fatrah status to people living in remote areas or in Europe who are far from correct Islamic information. However, another opinion states that a person who can think well, but does not believe in religion, is considered an infidel even though he has never heard of Islam.Keywords: Non-Muslim, Ahl Al-Fatrah, Modern EraAbstrakArtikel ini membahas teori ahl al-fatrah serta relevansinya untuk diaplikasikan di era sekarang. Artikel ini membandingkan teori para ahli mengenai ahl al-fatrah serta konsekuensi hukum ahl al-fatrah setelah meninggal dunia. Ada dua pertanyaan yang akan dijawab dalam artikel ini yaitu status orang pedalaman atau masyarakat Eropa yang tidak mengenal Islam secara benar, apakah mereka akan disiksa di Neraka?. Apa batas dan ketentuan orang dihukumi ahl al-fatrah dan dihukumi selamat dari Neraka?. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa beberapa pendapat ahli mengarah pada relevansi status ahl al-fatrah di zaman sekarang pada orang yang hidup di pedalaman atau di Eropa yang jauh dari informasi Islam yang benar. Namun pendapat lain menyatakan orang yang bisa berfikir dengan baik, namun tidak percaya agama, maka ia dihukumi kafir meskipun tidak pernah mendengar Islam.Kata Kunci: Non-Muslim, Ahl Al-Fatrah, Era Modern

Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Di Suriah Abdul Hakim
Al-Inṣāf Vol 1 No 2 (2022): Al-Insaf - Jurnal Ahwal Al Syakhshiyyah
Publisher : Prodi Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah STAI Imam Syafi'i Cianjur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61610/ash.v1i2.8

Setiap negara memiliki konstitusi dan sistem hukum masing-masing dalam mengatur negara dan penduduknya. Negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam sudah mulai melakukan pembenahan terhadap sistem hukum negaranya masing-masing, baik hukum pidana maupun hukum perdata. Tidak lepas dari sorotan perubahan ini adalah hukum keluarga yang mengatur tentang perkawinan, pengasuhan anak, pewarisan dan lain-lain. Penelitian dalam artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis dan pendekatan komparatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah website resmi pemerintah Suriah yang memuat pasal-pasal hukum keluarga Suriah. Sumber lainnya adalah buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang hukum keluarga di Suriah. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar atau landasan hukum keluarga di Suriah. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menemukan bahwa Secara garis besar, hukum keluarga di Suriah mengikuti mazhab Hanafi yang merupakan mazhab resmi di Suriah. Untuk menyempurnakan dan mengubahnya ke arah yang lebih sempurna, hukum keluarga di Suriah amandemen pada tahun 1975. Amandemen tersebut berisi 20 poin antara lain: poligami, mahar, pemeliharaan selama masa iddah, perceraian, hak asuh anak.

مسائل الميراث الحديثة بين تجديد الخطاب الديني وتبديل الشرع الإسلامي Abdul Hakim
Al-Inṣāf Vol 2 No 2 (2023): Al-Insaf - Jurnal Ahwal Al Syakhshiyyah
Publisher : Prodi Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah STAI Imam Syafi'i Cianjur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61610/ash.v2i2.25

هدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة حقيقة المسائل الحديثة والاجتهادات الجديدة حول قضايا الميراث ومدى موافقتها للقواعد الأصولية في استنباط الأحكام من النصوص الشرعية. وإن من الحقوق التي يحفظها الإسلام حق الورثة. وقد بين القرآن أنصبة كل ورثة حفظا لحقوقهم. ومع ذلك، هناك فئات من الناس غير مقتنعين بطريقة القرآن في تقسيم الميراث، فيريدون اجتهادا جديدا في مسائل الميراث. هذا البحث هو بحث نوعي ومكتبي. والمنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج التاريخي والمقارن. وأما مصادر البيانات في هذا البحث فهي كتب الفقه المعتمدة والقوانين والمجلات العلمية ذات الصلة. توصل هذا البحث إلى أن العلماء والمفكرين اختلفوا في المسائل الحديثة في نظام الميراث، فمنهم من أقروها واعتبروها من التجديد الضروري؛ ليتوافق مع روح الشريعة ويتناسب مع مبادئ العدالة والإنسانية. ومنهم من رفضوها ولم يعتبروها؛ لأنهم يرون أن نظام الميراث لا يقبل أي تغيير ولا تجديد لثبوته بالنصوص الشرعية القطعية. فكان مذهب الطائفة الثانية موافقا لقواعد استنباط الأحكام من مصادر التشريع الإسلامي.

Konsep Wasiat Wajibah dalam Warisan dan Problematikanya Abdul Hakim
Al-Inṣāf Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Al-Insaf - Jurnal Ahwal Al Syakhshiyyah
Publisher : Prodi Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah STAI Imam Syafi'i Cianjur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61610/ash.v3i2.49

Conflicts among family members over inheritance issues are still common today. Many heirs feel dissatisfied with the share they receive from the testator's estate. To resolve these conflicts, several concepts of inheritance distribution have emerged, one of which is the mandatory testament. This article aims to understand the nature and legality of the application of mandatory testament in inheritance matters. The research in this article is qualitative research with a literature study method and uses a comparative approach. The research data sources include Laws, muktabar fiqh books, and relevant scientific journals. Compulsory probate was first regulated in Egyptian Law in 1946, then followed by other Arab countries. The scholars differed in their opinions on the issue of compulsory probate, some rejecting and some accepting. Scholars who reject the concept of compulsory bequest argue that the verse on the obligation of bequest has been abrogated (mansūkh) by the verse on inheritance. In contrast, scholars who accept the concept of compulsory bequest argue that the verse on inheritance only abrogates the will to parents and all heirs, but it still applies to grandchildren and relatives who do not get inheritance due to obstruction.

Adoption of Children and Its Limits in Interacting with Adoptive Parents Hakim, Abdul
Al Ahkam Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024): Juli-Desember 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37035/ajh.v20i2.10824

Child adoption is governed by both Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and positive law, but these regulations are often overlooked by many adopting parties, leading to violations of both religious and legal principles. The objective of this article is to analyze the adoptive parent-child relationship in a family from a fiqh perspective and evaluate the implications of this relationship on their daily interactions.The research conducted in this article employs a qualitative literature review method with a descriptive and comparative approach. Data sources include classical fiqh texts, current legal statutes, and recent scholarly articles. Fundamentally, fiqh and positive law both prohibit attributing lineage from adopted children to their adoptive parents. As a result, these prohibitions create boundaries that affect the interactions between adoptive parents and adopted children in their daily lives. Unfortunately, the disregard for these boundaries often leads both parties to engage in actions that go against fiqh and positive law.

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