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Presence of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli in the Citarum River located in Greater Bandung Area, Indonesia Megantara, Imam; Muhtado, Azmi Raffi; Pradini, Gita Widya; Goenawan, Hanna; Sylviana, Nova
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n3.2765

Background: One of the main problems of the Citarum River is the contamination of E. coli due to livestock activities, washing toilets, and industry. In addition, irrational use of antibiotics in the community and livestock can increase E. coli resistant strains to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli strains in Citarum river clusters, namely industrial, livestock, and residential clusters.Methods: This was a descriptive study. A sample of 100 mL surface water from each Citarum cluster. Culture, antibiotic sensitivity test, and PCR to identify blaCTX-M-15 gene carriers of ESBL E. coli were carried out in the sample.Results: There were 37 isolates of E. coli, with 24% of these isolates showing MDR properties, which can be found in industrial, livestock, and residential clusters at 13%, 8%, and 3% respectively. The most E. coli-resistant antibiotics found in these samples were ampicillin (45%), followed by tetracycline (37%), and azithromycin (29%). The PCR examination did not find the blaCTX-M-15 gene carrying ESBL properties in all three Citarum river clusters.Conclusion: The presence of E. coli isolates in each Citarum river cluster suggests the occurrence of river pollution due to animal, human or industrial waste. Therefore, it is necessary to make better government regulations regarding sanitation and education for the surrounding community regarding the importance of keeping the river clean.

Oral Health Care and Aspiration Pneumonia Salma, Yasmin Hanifa; Murad, Chrysanti; Megantara, Imam
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.11.2.347-358

Background: Oral health care is important to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Poor oral hygiene in elderly patients heightens the risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the growth of potential periodontopathogen bacteria. This literature review aims to describe the effect of oral health care on the incidence of pneumonia and/or the number of oral bacteria.Method: The literature search was conducted based on the PRISMA guideline with the PICO framework by utilizing electronic search engines in databases: PubMed, Cochrane's Library, and Google Scholar from March through May 2024. All articles to be reviewed were ‘’full text” published from 2014 to 2024. An eligibility assessment was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; thus, seven articles were selected.Result: Mechanical tooth and mouth cleaning, in addition to using mouthwash and moisturizing agents, effectively reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.Conclusion: Oral health care with mechanical and pharmacological interventions are deemed appropriate to be given to elderly individuals to prevent aspiration pneumonia.

Oral Health Care and Aspiration Pneumonia Salma, Yasmin Hanifa; Murad, Chrysanti; Megantara, Imam
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.11.2.347-358

Background: Oral health care is important to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Poor oral hygiene in elderly patients heightens the risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the growth of potential periodontopathogen bacteria. This literature review aims to describe the effect of oral health care on the incidence of pneumonia and/or the number of oral bacteria.Method: The literature search was conducted based on the PRISMA guideline with the PICO framework by utilizing electronic search engines in databases: PubMed, Cochrane's Library, and Google Scholar from March through May 2024. All articles to be reviewed were ‘’full text” published from 2014 to 2024. An eligibility assessment was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; thus, seven articles were selected.Result: Mechanical tooth and mouth cleaning, in addition to using mouthwash and moisturizing agents, effectively reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.Conclusion: Oral health care with mechanical and pharmacological interventions are deemed appropriate to be given to elderly individuals to prevent aspiration pneumonia.

Effects of aging on colony count and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from male Wistar rats Megantara, Imam; Amira, Putri Alia; Sylviana, Nova
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.34-42

BackgroundPhysiological and immunological changes in the elderly may contribute to the composition and patterns of the gut microbiota, including Escherichia coli, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The research was conducted to assess the effect of aging on Escherichia coli growth and susceptibility to several antibiotics. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study using 7 young (6-month-old) (YWR) and 7 old (24-month-old) Wistar rats (OWR) as subjects. Rat stool specimens were used as representing the subjects. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyse the data. ResultsAll fecal specimens collected from both groups were positive for E. coli growth. The YWR showed a low density of E. coli, while the OWR showed a statistically significant increase in the population of E. coli (p=0.001). Overall, the E. coli isolates showed a high proportion of resistance to erythromycin (100%), ampicillin (86%), and oxytetracycline (58%). The isolates collected from YWR were significantly more resistant to streptomycin (83% vs. 19%, p<0.001) and tetracycline (47% vs. 3%, p<0.001) than the isolates from OWR. Young Wistar rats also had a higher resistance rate than OWR to the most frequently used antibiotics, such as ampicillin (97% vs. 76%, p<0.001). ConclusionOur study demonstrated an increase in the fecal E. coli population with increasing age of the Wistar rats. In addition, the results of susceptibility tests for several antibiotics showed that age may not be associated with an increase in the population of a resistant strain of E. coli.

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