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Tan, Chee-Seng
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Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Malaysian Undergraduate Students Tan, Chee-Seng; Low, Su Rou; Chong, Hoi Yan; Chong, Shue Ling; Ong, Anna Wen-Huey; Siah, Poh Chua; Phang, Shiau Fen; Ong, Zhi Qi; Tan, Wei Hong; Wong, Jean Ann; Lew, Wei Him
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 23, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The 8-item Short Grit Scale (Grit-S; Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) is a measure of the two aspects of grit: consistency of interests and perseverance of effort. While the majority of the past studies supported the two-factor model, some found cultural differences. Two studies were carried out to test the factor structure of the Grit-S in a sample of Malaysian undergraduate students (total N = 1109). Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) revealed two factors. Item 2 for perseverance subscale was removed due to unsatisfactory factor loading. Further analysis of the seven items supported the two-factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses (Study 2) supported the superiority of the two correlated-factor model with 7 items. Moreover, the consistency and perseverance scores showed acceptable internal consistency. The current research contributes to the literature by lending further support to the theoretical two-factor structure of the Grit-S and revealing potential cultural differences in the items. Future studies are thus recommended to address these cultural differences and confirm the usability of the 7-item Grit-S in the Malaysian context
Ultra-Brief Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention Effects on Mental Health During the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Malaysia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pheh, Kai-Shuen; Tan, Hui-Chien; Tan, Chee-Seng
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 24, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The federal government of Malaysia recently implemented a nationwide Movement Control Order (MCO) to control the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the MCO has had a negative impact on people’s mental well-being. Interventions that can improve people’s mental health when their movement is restricted are therefore urgently needed. The present study investigated the impact of an ultra-brief online mindfulness-based intervention on mental health using a two-arm randomized controlled trial design. A total of 161 participants self-reported their distress, anxiety, psychological insecurity, and well-being at baseline and post-treatment, while 61 of them answered the same set of measures and the fear of COVID-19 scale in a follow-up study two weeks later. A multivariate analysis of covariance found the intervention reduced psychological insecurity levels measured during post-treatment. Moreover, gender, the experience of practicing mindfulness, and participants’ experiences of undergoing quarantine were found to play a role in post-treatment measures. No significant difference was found between the baseline and follow-up treatment. However, hierarchical multiple regression found that psychological insecurity measured at baseline positively predicted the level of fear after controlling for demographic variables. Overall, the findings suggest that an online mindfulness intervention is a potentially useful tool for alleviating people’s mental health difficulties
Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Pro-Lockdown Compliance Scale Joy, Lijo Kochakadan; Ramachandran, Manu; Fenn, Jessy; Tan, Chee-Seng
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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A multilevel lockdown was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. This new experience, however, received mixed responses from the public in different countries including India. A quantitative self-report, the Pro-Lockdown Compliance Scale (Pro-LCS), was developed to help 1) the Government and enforcing agents understand the compliance level of the public and 2) researchers investigate the antecedent factors of the compliance of the lockdown measures. The initial 10 items were administered to 309 male residents in Kerala via an online survey. The responses were randomly divided and submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Both analyses consistently support that the scale is best represented by a 5-item unidimensional model. Moreover, the Pro-LBS also demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The preliminary findings suggest that the scale is a brief and useful tool to examine the compliance level of the lockdown measures.
Co-Authors Chong, Hoi Yan Chong, Shue Ling Fenn, Jessy Joy, Lijo Kochakadan Lew, Wei Him Low, Su Rou Ong, Anna Wen-Huey Ong, Zhi Qi Phang, Shiau Fen Pheh, Kai-Shuen Ramachandran, Manu Siah, Poh Chua Tan, Hui-Chien Tan, Wei Hong Wong, Jean Ann