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Siah, Poh Chua
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Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Malaysian Undergraduate Students Tan, Chee-Seng; Low, Su Rou; Chong, Hoi Yan; Chong, Shue Ling; Ong, Anna Wen-Huey; Siah, Poh Chua; Phang, Shiau Fen; Ong, Zhi Qi; Tan, Wei Hong; Wong, Jean Ann; Lew, Wei Him
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 23, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The 8-item Short Grit Scale (Grit-S; Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) is a measure of the two aspects of grit: consistency of interests and perseverance of effort. While the majority of the past studies supported the two-factor model, some found cultural differences. Two studies were carried out to test the factor structure of the Grit-S in a sample of Malaysian undergraduate students (total N = 1109). Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) revealed two factors. Item 2 for perseverance subscale was removed due to unsatisfactory factor loading. Further analysis of the seven items supported the two-factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses (Study 2) supported the superiority of the two correlated-factor model with 7 items. Moreover, the consistency and perseverance scores showed acceptable internal consistency. The current research contributes to the literature by lending further support to the theoretical two-factor structure of the Grit-S and revealing potential cultural differences in the items. Future studies are thus recommended to address these cultural differences and confirm the usability of the 7-item Grit-S in the Malaysian context
Intention to Use Social Networking Sites Among Malaysian Chinese Older Adults Ooi, Chia Sin; Siah, Poh Chua; Low, Sew Kim
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 24, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Research has shown that social networking sites (SNS), such as Facebook and WhatsApp, make it more convenient for older adults to bond with friends and family. However, despite such benefits, studies also found few older adults use SNS, and even fewer older adults use SNS in less developed nations. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that can influence intention to use SNS in older adults, especially among the Malaysian Chinese population, as they will face an aging society earlier than other ethnic groups in Malaysia. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model and Reasoned Action Approach to examine whether factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, selfefficacy, and subjective norms, are significant predictors of intention to use SNS among Malaysian Chinese older adults. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit 288 Malaysian Chinese adults aged 60 and above to participate in this survey. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Results showed that subjective norms played the most important role in intention to use SNS among Malaysian Chinese older adults. These findings can provide insight for program managers and policymakers when promoting SNS use among older adults.
Challenges of Refugee Teachers in Malaysian Community-Based Learning Centers Siah, Poh Chua; Low, Sew Kim; Ho, Khee Hoong; Lim, Yeong Yeong
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 24, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Because Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, the children of refugees living in Malaysia are deprived of any formal education. Children are taught mostly by the refugees themselves, many of whom are volunteers. Most of the community-based learning centers, which encounter many academic and management problems, are also sustained by the refugees. This qualitative study aims to apply the framework of resources and demands theory to explore the work demands encountered by these refugees’ teachers and whether they have enough resources to meet the demands, as the learning centers are self-supported or supported by non-governmental organizations. This study collected data using the focus group method, recruiting participants through purposive sampling. Participants were organized into eight groups, each with seven volunteer participants, and open-ended questions were used for the participants to fully express their views and experiences. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The result showed that participants are burdened by academic and administrative tasks, lack of resources, poor infrastructure, and self-incompetence. The findings of the study proposed that more non-government organizations, local communities, and other stakeholders provide expertise and financial assistance to these communitybased learning centers as education is the human right of each child.
Islamophobia Among Malaysian non-Muslim Indian Undergraduate Students: A Focus group Study Siah, Poh Chua; Low, Sew Kim; Mohd Anis, Nurullashkeen; Tan, Soon Aun; Tan, Ting Ying; Nainee, Sarvarubini
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 26, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Malaysia is often regarded as a multi-ethnic nation that inherited a few ethnic groups who were taken as homogeneous unions. Still, the rise of Islamophobia in Western countries has increased the same sentiment among Malaysian non-Muslim Indians, with the HIND RAF protest in 2007 demonstrating their deep concern for religious freedom. This study aims to understand the formation of Islamophobia among Malaysian non-Muslim Indians and their perceptions of Islam. This study employed the focus group method to collect data, thematic analysis to analyze data and purposive sampling to recruit 16 non-Muslim Indian undergraduate students. Intergroup contact theory was used as a framework to understand the mechanism for the formation of Islamophobia. Results showed that although participants from public universities have more contact with Muslim classmates than those from private universities, their knowledge and perception of Islam, as well as the levels of their Islamophobia are quite the same. The results suggest that it is important not only to increase contact between Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia but also to increase knowledge of each other’s cultures and religions, because increasing contact without knowledge will only further strengthen the existing prejudice. Through increasing contact and knowledge of both Muslims and non-Muslims, it is believed that the Islamophobia among non-Muslims would be reduced, thus increasing harmony among different ethnic groups.
Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of Player Experience of Need Satisfaction Scale (PENS) Modified Version in Malaysian Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) Players T'ng, Soo Ting, Dr; Ho, Khee Hoong; Leong, Wen Sam; Siah, Poh Chua; Abdul Jalil, Nurul Iman Binti; Pau, Kee
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 29, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the modified version of the Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS) for Malaysian Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) players. The translation and adaptation process involved a rigorous procedure with nine mental health and linguistic experts. A non-probability sampling method was applied by recruiting 491 participants from the MOBA Facebook groups. The parallel analysis indicated a two-factor structure (autonomy and competence as one factor and relatedness as another factor). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a better model fit for the translated version compared with the original English version, with satisfactory psychometric properties. Future studies should address psychometric concerns and evaluate the scale across diverse populations and game genres. This study provides a foundation for understanding and enhancing the gaming experience in the dynamic and rapidly growing mobile game aggregation market.
Co-Authors Abdul Jalil, Nurul Iman Binti Chong, Hoi Yan Chong, Shue Ling Ho, Khee Hoong Leong, Wen Sam Lew, Wei Him Lim, Yeong Yeong Low, Sew Kim Low, Su Rou Mohd Anis, Nurullashkeen Nainee, Sarvarubini Ong, Anna Wen-Huey Ong, Zhi Qi Ooi, Chia Sin Pau, Kee Phang, Shiau Fen T'ng, Soo Ting, Dr Tan, Chee-Seng Tan, Soon Aun Tan, Ting Ying Tan, Wei Hong Wong, Jean Ann