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All Journal Makara Journal of Health Research
Ibrahim, Wisam Nabeel
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Obesity is associated with depression in Malaysian schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study Nurumal, Mohd Said; Zainal Abidin, Rohulizzat; Ibrahim, Wisam Nabeel; Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman; Che Hasan, Muhammad Kamil
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Overweight and obesity, which may lead to depression, have become prevalent among children worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to measure obesity and depression among schoolchildren in Kuantan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three different primary schools in Kuantan by purposive sampling. With consent from their parents/guardians, participants were given a self-administered questionnaire. Demographics and anthropometric measurement data were self-reported on the basis of the school records. Furthermore, body mass index was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, and chi-square and correlation tests were conducted for the variables. Results: Among the 300 schoolchildren who responded, 14.3% were underweight, 37.7% were normal, 11% were overweight, and 37% were obese. Statistically, obesity and ethnicity, as well as obesity and sex, were not associated. Conversely, obesity and age, as well as obesity and depression, were significantly associated. Conclusion: Depression is associated with obesity among schoolchildren. Hence, a special approach for designing and implementing prevention programs is necessary to reduce the risk of obesity-led depression and other forms of comorbidity later in life.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Bullying and Psychological Disturbances among Malaysian School Children Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman; Mocktar, Nurfatin Aina; Ibrahim, Wisam Nabeel; Nurumal, Mohd Said; Che Hasan, Muhammad Kamil
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Bullying is a common violence in school and has become a major public health and global concern. Bullying influences mental health and is identified as a leading factor of depression. Therefore, this study aimed to identify bullying prevalence and its association toward psychological disturbances (stress, anxiety, and depression). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three secondary schools in Kuantan. After obtaining consent from parents/guardians, participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire, including School Climate Bullying Survey, Depression Anxiety Stress Questionnaire-21, Patient Depression Questionnaire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Demographic data were self-reported. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, and chi-square and correlation tests were conducted for variables. Results: A total of 207 students were included in this study. Of respondents, 50.7% were boys and 49.3% girls, and the majority (92.8%) were Malays. Of students, 63.2% were involved in bullying problems through the school years, with verbal bullying as the highest (55.1%). Bullying is significantly associated with stress (p = 0.045), anxiety (p = 0.018), and depression (p = 0.012). Conclusions: School children in Kuantan continue to be involved in bullying. The current study supported that involvement with any bullying activity was associated with psychological disturbances including anxiety, stress, and depression.
Co-Authors Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman Mocktar, Nurfatin Aina Muhammad Kamil Nurumal, Mohd Said Zainal Abidin, Rohulizzat