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All Journal Makara Journal of Science
Putra, Boyfannie Ivan
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Journal : Makara Journal of Science

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Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD) for Determining Hydroquinone in Facial Whitening Cream using Phloroglucinol Reagent Sulistyarti, Hermin; Puspitaloka, Paradhita Ayu; Putra, Boyfannie Ivan; Retnowati, Rurini; Tolle, Herman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is developed in this work to analyze hydroquinone in facial whitening creams using phloroglucinol. The µPAD features a hydrophobic barrier for detection and was fabricated using a wax printer with Whatman chromatographic paper. Detection was achieved by colorimetry based on the formation of an orange hydroquinone–phloroglucinol complex. The colored reaction product formed on the detection zone of the µPAD was scanned, and the images obtained were processed with Image-J software to determine their color intensity (RGB value). Optimization of the process conditions was conducted to achieve sensitive measurements. The optimum conditions yielding maximum sensitivity included a reagent addition sequence of phloroglucinol à NaOH à sample (hydroquinone), 1 µL of 0.5% phloroglucinol, 1 M NaOH, and 10-minute reaction. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD produced two linear calibration curves for hydroquinone at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L (R2 = 0.9979) and 250–1000 mg/L (R2 = 0.9991). The method demonstrated very good selectivity for the target analyte in the presence of propylene glycol and resorcinol with satisfactory validity and average recovery close to 100%. The proposed µPAD is a very simple and inexpensive technique for hydroquinone analysis and could be applied to cosmetics samples with satisfactory results.
Enzyme-Free Colorimetric Sensing of Glucose using Silver Nanoparticles with a Green Stabilizing Agent from Capsicum chinense Jacq Extract Putra, Boyfannie Ivan; Sulistyarti, Hermin; Utama, Muhammad Mashuri; Haryanto, Aura Ananda; Retnowati, Rurini; Rafi, Mohamad; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue characterized by abnormal glucose levels in the human body. DM diagnostics are often based on invasive sampling from blood, which poses a potential risk of infection and tissue damage. Therefore, a non-enzymatic and non-invasive method for glucose monitoring is demanded as a simple alternative to glucose detection in urine samples. In this work, enzyme-free glucose determination is based on the formation of silver nanoparticles stabilized by Capsicum chinense Jacq extract (CCJ-AgNPs). Under alkaline conditions, glucose functions as a reducing agent for silver ions, and the extract acts as a stabilizer to prevent agglomeration. The effect of reaction time, extract concentration, NaOH concentration, and AgNO3 concentration was studied to determine the optimum conditions for glucose sensing (reaction time: 5 min, extract volume: 2 mL, NaOH concentration: 0.05 M, and AgNO3 concentration: 0.2 mM). The linearity of glucose determination was obtained from 0 to 900 mg/L with LOD and LOQ of 1 and 5 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method demonstrated good selectivity against citric acid, NH4Cl, NaCl, H2PO4, and urea at a concentration of 100 mg/L, with good accuracy for the recovery test, ranging from 93.7% to 101.8%. This method can serve as an alternative approach for simple, non-invasive, and non-toxic glucose monitoring in human urine with high sensitivity and specificity.
Co-Authors Akhmad Sabarudin Haryanto, Aura Ananda Herman Tolle Hermin Sulistyarti M. Rafi Puspitaloka, Paradhita Ayu Rurini Retnowati Utama, Muhammad Mashuri