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New low-density-parity-check decoding approach based on the hard and soft decisions algorithms Hajar El Ouakili; Hassan Touati; Abdelilah Kadi; Younes Mehdaoui; Rachid El Alami
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 2: April 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1639-1646

Abstract

It is proved that hard decision algorithms are more appropriate than a soft decision for low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding since they are less complex at the decoding level. On the other hand, it is notable that the soft decision algorithm outperforms the hard decision one in terms of the bit error rate (BER) gap. In order to minimize the BER and the gap between these two families of LDPC codes, a new LDPC decoding algorithm is suggested in this paper, which is based on both the normalized min-sum (NMS) and modified-weighted bit-flipping (MWBF). The proposed algorithm is named normalized min sum- modified weighted bit flipping (NMSMWBF). The MWBF is executed after the NMS algorithm. The simulations show that our algorithm outperforms the NMS in terms of BER at 10-8 over the additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by 0.25 dB. Furthermore, the proposed NMSMWBF and the NMS are both at the same level of decoding difficulty.
Analysis of the Millennial Generation's Perspective Becoming Young Entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 Pandemic Nawangsih Nawangsih; Hassan Touati
International Journal of Accounting and Management Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): September
Publisher : Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Widya Gama Lumajang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30741/ijamr.v3i1.873

Abstract

Previous research related to millennials who are interested in becoming young entrepreneurs, can be an interesting study, especially during the covid 19 pandemic. The research objectives are: 1. To find out the millennial generation's perspective on young entrepreneurs, 2. To identify the factors that influence the millennial generation to be young entrepreneurs and 3. To find out the form of productive economic business opportunities created by the millennial generations. This research is a qualitative type using a literature study approach. Scientific reference sources are taken from various sources that are relevant to the theme of the research carried out as well as from various reference books as a reference for the theory taken. The results showed that the millennial generation's perspective on young entrepreneurs during the current covid 19 pandemic, responded very positively, where the millennial generation who updated digital technology, and made technology a part of their lives, felt they had a greater opportunity to become a young entrepreneur.