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All Journal Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Rekayasa Mesin Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi JST ( Jurnal Sains Terapan ) Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management Specta Journal of Technology Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Ainun Zulfikar
Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Yellow Meranti (Shore macrobalanos) Sawdust Waste Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla; Sabrina Humaira; Ade Wahyu Yusariarta Putra Parmita; Ainun Zulfikar
JST (Jurnal Sains Terapan) Vol 5, No 2 (2019): JST (Jurnal Sains Terapan)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32487/jst.v5i2.704

Abstract

Meranti (Shorea macrobalanos) is a typical wood from Kalimantan that is still valued as a raw material of furniture production. According to statistical data, meranti sawdust waste reached 44% and has not been widely used. It is known that meranti has a high lignocellulose content, which are 38.18% of lignin, 26.03% of hemicellulose and 40.33% of cellulose. Due to the high cellulose level, meranti becomes an alternative source of cellulose which can be applied in composites, biomaterials, and membranes. Therefore, this study aims to produce cellulose from yellow meranti sawdust waste using an alkali treatment, NaOH 17.5%, with a variation of extract time of 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Cellulose characterization was performed using the Chesson-Datta method, Fourier-transferred Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Chesson-Datta test showed that cellulose concentration escalated by increasing process time, which is 45%, 47% and 53% at 20, 40, and 60 minutes respectively. Increased levels of cellulose were followed by decreasing concentrations of lignin and hemicellulose. The FTIR results presented a strengthening of the intensity in the C-O-C functional group which indicated an increase in cellulose levels. Meanwhile, a decrease intensity was also revealed in the aromatic C=C and C=O groups, which implied a reduction in the amount of lignin and hemicellulose. Through the SEM, the surfaces were recognizably less dense by increasing extract time. It is because of the degradation of lignin and hemicellulose. Herein, the most optimum yield was achieved in 60 minutes to produce up to 53% of cellulose. Thus, yellow meranti sawdust waste has a high potential source of cellulose.Keywords: yellow meranti, alkali treatment, cellulose Abstrak       Meranti (Shoreamacrobalanos) merupakan kayu khas Kalimantan yang saat ini masih dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan furnitur. Menurut data statistik, limbah serbuk kayu meranti yang dihasilkan mencapai 44% dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Telah diketahui bahwa meranti memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 38,18% lignin, 26,03% hemiselulosa, dan 40,33% selulosa. Dengan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi, meranti menjadi salah satu alternative sumber selulosa yang kemudian dapat diaplikasikan di bidang komposit, biomaterial, dan membran. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan selulosa dari limbah serbuk meranti kuning dengan menggunakan metode alkalisasi, NaOH 17,5%, dengan variasi waktu ekstrak selama 20, 40, dan 60 menit. Karakterisasi selulosa dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chesson-Datta, fourier-transferred infrared (FTIR), dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Uji Chesson-Datta menunjukkan semakin lama waktu alkalisasi dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi selulosa, yaitu 45%, 47% dan 53% pada waktu alkalisasi 20, 40, dan 60 menit. Peningkatan kadar selulosa diikuti dengan menurunnya konsentrasi lignin dan hemiselulosa. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan penurunan intensitas pada gugus C=O yang mengindikasikan adanya penurunan jumlah lignin dan hemiselulosa seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu. Hasil morfologi SEM juga menunjukkan permukaan yang semakin tidak rapat seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu alkalisasi. Hal ini diakibatkan terjadi degradasi lignin dan hemiselulosa. Pada penelitian ini, hasil paling optimum dicapai pada waktu 60 menit dengan menghasilkan selulosa hingga 53%. Sehingga, limbah serbuk meranti memiliki potensi sebagai sumber selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Kata kunci:  meranti kuning, alkalisasi, selulosa
Sintesis dan karakterisasi plastik biodegradable berbasis pati nasi aking dan kitosan cangkang udang Nia Sasria; Asrilsyah Asrilsyah; Muthia Putri Darsini Lubis; Ainun Zulfikar; Rifqi Aulia Tanjung
Jurnal Teknika Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Edisi November 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v16i2.8700

Abstract

Bahan plastik memiliki sifat yang sulit terurai, sehingga diperlukan jenis plastik baru yaitu plastik biodegradable yang dapat didaur ulang secara biologis karena terbuat dari bahan organik seperti kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang dan amilosa dari pati. Cangkang udang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar karena mengandung kitosan yang memiliki beberapa sifat menguntungkan yakni biocompatibility, biodegradabillity, hydrophilicity dan antibacterial. Sedangkan limbah nasi aking juga dapat diolah menjadi plastik biodegradable karena kandungan polimernya yakni amilosa dan amilopektin yang bisa membentuk lapisan tipis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi plastik biodegradable berbasis pati beras aking dan kitosan cangkang udang. Kedua bahan tersebut dicampur menggunakan plasticizer gliserol agar menghasilkan lapisan plastik yang elastis melalui sistem solution casting. Variabel yang digunakan berupa komposisi kitosan 2, 1.5 dan 1 gr serta konsentrasi gliserol 1%, 1.5% dan 2%. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh hasil struktur mikro pada variasi kitosan 1 gr : 1% gliserol yang memiliki nilai persentase degradasi paling besar terdapat lekukan dan sedikit gelembung udara (pinhole) dibandingkan dengan struktur mikro dari plastik biodegradable dengan variasi kitosan 2 gr : 2% gliserol. Hal ini menandakan bahwa spesimen plastik dengan variasi kitosan 1 gr : 1% gliserol memiliki sifat fisik yang lebih baik untuk diaplikasikan sebagai plastik konvensional. The plastic material has properties that are difficult to decompose, so a new type of plastic is needed, namely biodegradable plastic that can be recycled biologically because it is made from organic materials such as chitosan from shrimp shell and amylose from starch. Shrimp shells are used as basic ingredients because they contain chitosan which has several beneficial properties namely biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity and antibacterial. Meanwhile, aking rice waste can also be processed into biodegradable plastic because of its polymer content, namely amylose and amylopectin, which can form a thin layer. The purpose of this research is to synthesize and characterize biodegradable plastics based on aking rice starch and shrimp shell chitosan. Both materials are mixed using a glycerol plasticizer to produce an elastic-plastic layer through a solution casting system. The variables used were the composition of chitosan 2, 1.5 and 1 g and the glycerol concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2%. In this study, the results of the microstructure of the chitosan variation of 1 gr: 1% glycerol with the greatest percentage degradation value were indentations and a few air bubbles (pinhole) compared to the microstructure of biodegradable plastic with a variation of chitosan 2 gr: 2% glycerol. This indicates that plastic specimens with a variation of 1 gr: 1% glycerol chitosan have better physical properties to be applied as conventional plastics.
Performance of Electrocoagulation Process for Microplastic Fibre Removal from Laundry Wastewater Marita Wulandari; Intan Dwi Wahyu Setyorini; Anggie Melinda Handayani; Ismi Khairunnissa Ariani; Ainun Zulfikar
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2022): March 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (521.13 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v19i1.34-43

Abstract

Laundry wastewater contains not only detergent but also contains fabric fibres and threads. Microplastic fibres have been discovered as a potential source of microplastic fibres in synthetic clothing washed in the environment. To reduce microplastic concentration in wastewater, many approaches have been developed. Electrocoagulation is one of them. Using both synthetic microplastics and laundry wastewater samples, this study examined the performance of electrocoagulation methods to remove microplastics. The flocculation and deposition mechanisms remove microplastic fibre. This research was set up by using a reactor with a volume of 1 L, 60 V of voltage and 60 minutes of contact time. Electrical current of 5A and 10A was applied to remove microplastic fibres during electrocoagulation (EC). The removal efficiency of polyester fibre was 55-68 per cent for 60 minutes with a current of 5A and 42-85 per cent for 60 minutes with a current of 10A. Polyamide fibre removal efficiency in 60 minutes is 53 per cent to 74 per cent at 5A current and 57 per cent to 72 per cent at 10A current. According to this study, it can be concluded that EC can remove microplastic fibre from laundry effluent.
Mitigate and Survive the Flood: Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Masyarakat untuk Mitigasi dan Langkah Tanggap Darurat Banjir di Perumahan Griya Sakinah Asri, Kelurahan Karang Joang, Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara Marita Wulandari; Ainun Zulfikar; Basyaruddin Basyaruddin
Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Vol 2 No 2 (2022): JIPPM - Desember 2022
Publisher : CV Firmos

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (425.023 KB) | DOI: 10.54082/jippm.53

Abstract

Bencana banjir kerap terjadi di Kota Balikpapan, seperti banjir besar pada Bulan Maret Tahun 2022. Terdapat lima kabupaten terdampak banjir, salah satunya Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara. Banjir mencapai ketinggian hingga 200 cm. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan Ketua Perumahan Griya Sakinah Asri, Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara, salah satu lokasi terdampak banjir, kejadian banjir di Perumahan Griya Sakinah Asri terjadi setiap tahun selama 3 tahun terakhir. Dalam rangka mengurangi kerusakan akibat banjir di daerah perumahan dan pemukiman, maka perlu adanya upaya mitigasi banjir di perumahan / pemukiman. Kegiatan ini bernama “Mitigate and Survive the Flood”. Tujuan kegiatan ini meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam mitigasi dan tanggap darurat banjir, serta implementasi beberapa kegiatan pengendalian banjir. Adapun kegiatan yang telah selesai dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan ini ialah pemetaan titik banjir di wilayah KM 10 Balikpapan, kegiatan sosialisasi mitigasi resiko dan tanggap darurat banjir pada Bulan September 2022 bekerja sama dengan BPBD Balikpapan, pemeliharaan waduk buatan dan drainase di lingkungan perumahan secara rutin tiap bulan serta pemasangan titik pantau ketinggian banjir sebagai langkah pencegahan banjir di Perumahan Griya Sakinah Asri, RT 05. Hasil dari survey kepuasan masyarakat, masyarakat sangat antusias dan menyambut positif kegiatan ini. Besar harapan masyarakat agar kegiatan pengendalian banjir ini dilakukan secara rutin dan berkala.
Studi Pengaruh Waktu Alkalisasi pada Ekstraksi Selulosa Berbasis Serat Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) Ainun Zulfikar; Ni Putu Sriniti Novi Kartika Putri; Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla
SPECTA Journal of Technology Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): SPECTA Journal of Technology
Publisher : LPPM ITK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1063.12 KB) | DOI: 10.35718/specta.v4i2.182

Abstract

This study uses fiber from water hyacinth as the object of research, which is a plant that contains lignocellulose which consists of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Cellulose extraction is needed to obtain purer cellulose. The cellulose extraction method used was alkalization, using a 17.5% NaOH solution in a mass: volume ratio of 1: 100 with a variation of alkalization time for 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes and the alkalization method uses the reflux heating method. Tests used in this study were include gravimetric methods namely Chesson Datta, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chesson Datta is used to determine the quantitative lignocellulose content by reducing the initial mass and final mass of the sample from the process. FTIR is used to determine the functional groups that lignocellulose has from each sample. SEM was conducted to determine the morphology of the water hyacinth fibers before and after the alkalization treatment. The results obtained by Chesson Datta, with the most optimal alkalization time were 20 minutes with 53.3% cellulose content, 27.6% hemicellulose, and 0.3% lignin. FTIR shows the functional groups C = O, C = C, and C-H belonging to lignocellulose along with the shifting of the wave number and the change in absorbance in each variable. SEM shows morphological differences in the fibers undergoing the process of alkalization with those without treatment. So that the alkalization affects the morphology of the water hyacinth fiber.
Sifat Mekanik Produk Metalurgi Serbuk dari Proses Ball Milling dengan Bahan Baku Al7075 Terhadap Variasi Temperatur Sinter dan Tekanan Kompaksi Hizkia Alpha Dewanto; Muhammad Zaini Abdi; Achmad Maulana; Ainun Zulfikar; Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla
SPECTA Journal of Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): SPECTA Journal of Technology
Publisher : LPPM ITK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (833.765 KB) | DOI: 10.35718/specta.v5i2.311

Abstract

Powder metallurgy samples, made from Al7075 powder from ball milling, were produced and investigated. Samples were subjected to two different variables, those were compaction pressure and sintering temperatur. Compaction pressure variables were 250, 300, and 350 MPa with constant sintering temperatur of 505oC. Sintering temperatur variations were 425, 465, and 505oC with constant compaction pressure of 350 MPa. The results of density measurement and hardness test were directly proportional to both of research variables, whereas the porosity was inversely proportional. The properties of sample with variables of 350 MPa compaction pressure and 505oC sintering temperatur were the closest one to conventional Al7075, with density of 2.173 g/cm3, 22.2% porosity, and 12.56 VHN hardness. The properties of conventional Al7075 sample were 2.8 g/cm3 density, 0.26% porosity, and 12.68 VHN hardness. The abrupt increase of hardness between 465oC and 505oC sintering temperatur was similar in pattern of its porosity decrease. This means optimum porosity decrease was started between 465oC and 505oC which affecting hardness increase. Highest hardness of powder metallurgy Al7075, which was 99% of conventional Al7075 and porosity of 22.2%, suggested wide application potential of Al7075 produced by powder metallurgy.
Pengaruh Penambahan H2O2 sebagai Foaming Agent pada Karakteristik Batu Bata Ringan Tahan Api Berbahan Dasar Fireclay dan Fly Ash PLTU Teluk Balikpapan Adrian Gunawan; Amelia Anggraini Pangestu; Etty Rahmayanti; Andika A.I. Saputra; Intan Dwi Wahyu Setyo Rini; Ainun Zulfikar; A. I. Arobi
SPECTA Journal of Technology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): SPECTA Journal of Technology
Publisher : LPPM ITK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (273.494 KB) | DOI: 10.35718/specta.v6i1.390

Abstract

Total kebutuhan material refractory di Indonesia mencapai 200.000 ton per tahun, sedangkan kapasitas produksi mencapai 50.000 ton per tahun. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, diperlukan bahan baku alternatif selain bahan baku utama yakni fireclay yang berasal dari tanah liat, yakni Fly Ash (FA) dari sisa pembakaran batu bara di PLTU. Jenis material refractory dalam penelitian ini adalah batu bata ringan tahan api, dengan menggunakan zat Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) sebagai foaming agent. Fly Ash digunakan berasal dari PLTU Teluk Balikpapan dengan tingkat substitusi fireclay sebesar 5% s.d 25%, serta H2O2 dengan variasi 5 ml s.d 9 ml. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah XRF untuk FA, serta kuat tekan, densitas, penyerapan, porositas, dan shrinkage untuk specimen batu bata ringan tahan api. Hasil kuat tekan terbaik adalah 0,549 Mpa dengan linier shrinkage 2%, penyerapan 37,46%, 2%, densitas 1,44 g/cm3, dan porositas 50%
Performance of Rapid Sand Filter Dual Media for Microplastic Removal in the Water: The Effect of Microplastic Size and Effective Size of Filter Media Wulandari, Marita; Marpaung, Kevin; Prasaningtyas, Asri; Yorika, Rahmi; Harfadli, Muhammad Ma'arij; Zulfikar, Ainun
Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Department of Environmental Engineering - Universitas Pasundan - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jcbeem.v8i1.12502

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) significantly damage the environment and human health, leading to a growing global concern. MPs have been detected not only in the natural environment but also in the drinking water treatment process. One of the configurations of the drinking water treatment unit is filtration. Only a few research studies have been published on microplastic removal in the water system. This study was conducted to determine the performance of a rapid sand filter (RSF) in removing microplastics in water with a variation in the effective size (ES) of silica sand and microplastic size. In this study, microplastics are artificially made with size variations of < 400 μm and >400 μm. The filtering uses two variations in the adequate size (ES) of silica sand, namely 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm. At the same time, anthracite is only a control variable with ES = 0.69 with a flow speed of 4 m / h and an observation time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results show that the filter media ES 0.4 has the highest efficiency values of 91.30% for the microplastic size MPs <400 µm and 95.80 % for the larger microplastic >400 µm. In addition, the average percentage removal of ES 0.7 mm was 77.24 % for the size of MPs <400 µm and 95.77% for the size of Mps >400 µm. Gaining insight into the mechanisms involved in removing microplastics from drinking water is essential for developing more effective techniques for eliminating them.  
Analysis on the Improvement to the Mechanical Properties of ASTM A36 Using Spot Hardfacing Method Awali, Jatmoko; Rohimsyah, Fikan Mubarok; Ismail , Andi Idhil; Dewanto , Hizkia Alpha; Al-Shehan, Khulafaur Nawaf; Akram, Muhammad; Yusuf, Chiara; Triana, Yunita; Zulfikar, Ainun
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 17 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Hardfacing is considered to be an optimum, lightweight method to improve the strength of electrical vehicle chassis to be used in many places with variable road conditions in Indonesia, especially around the New National Capital (IKN) area. In this study, carbon steel (ASTM A36) plates were strengthened by spot hardfacing using an ER70S-6 electrode. Variables used in this study are weld dwelling time (4, 7, and 10 seconds with a constant distance of 30 mm) and spot distance (20, 30, and 40 mm with a 7 second dwelling time). From this study, the increase of dwelling time and the decrease of the spot distance enhanced the toughness of the specimens. Further observations discovered that both dwelling time increase and spot distance decrease correlated to the increase of the average grain size of the phases present in the specimens. The optimum variations observed in this research are 10 seconds dwelling time of 1,321-1,508 J/mm2 and 20 mm of spot distance of 1,312-1,456 J/mm2.
Co-Authors A. I. Arobi Achmad Maulana Ade Wahyu Yusariarta Putra Parmita Adrian Gunawan Al-Shehan, Khulafaur Nawaf Amelia Anggraini Pangestu Andika A.I. Saputra Anggie Melinda Handayani Ariani, Ismi Khairunnissa Asrilsyah Asrilsyah Basyaruddin Basyaruddin Dewanto , Hizkia Alpha Etty Rahmayanti Harfadli, Muhammad Ma'arij Hizkia Alpha Dewanto Idhil Ismail, Andi Intan Dwi Wahyu Setyo Rini Jatmoko Awali Marita Wulandari Marita Wulandari Marpaung, Kevin Muhammad Akram Muhammad Zaini Abdi Muthia Putri Darsini Lubis Ni Putu Sriniti Novi Kartika Putri Nia Sasria Prasaningtyas, Asri Rifqi Aulia Tanjung Rohimsyah, Fikan Mubarok Sabrina Humaira Tajalla, Gusti Umindya Nur Wulandari, Marita Yorika, Rahmi Yunita Triana, Yunita Yusuf, Chiara