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LEGAL SYSTEM THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON CHILD MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA AFTER AMENDMENT TO THE MARRIAGE LAW Agus Purnomo; Dawam Multazamy Rohmatulloh
ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 23, No 2 (2022): Islamic Law and Economic
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ua.v23i2.17426

Abstract

Kajian ini berupaya melacak perkawinan anak pasca perubahan undang-undang perkawinan yang menyamaratakan usia perkawinan menjadi 19 tahun melalui teori sistem hukum yang digagas oleh Lawrence M. Friedman. Melalui pijakan teoretis tersebut, perkawinan anak pasca perubahan undang-undang perkawinan ditelaah dari sisi struktur hukum, budaya hukum dan substansi hukum. Sementara pertanyaan dasar yang akan dijawab adalah bagaimanakah idealitas perubahan undang-undang perkawinan dalam mencegah terjadinya perkawinan anak di Indonesia.Melalui kajian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dari sisi budaya hukum, idealitas perubahan undang-undang perkawinan harus berhadapan dengan kuatnya budaya kitab kuning yang telah menjadi pola pikir masyarakat. Sementara dari sisi subtansi hukum, ketiadaan sanksi dalam undang-undang perkawinan menjadi celah tersendiri dalam menanggulangi perkawinan anak. Walaupun demikian, dari sisi struktur hukum, dengan adanya PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 yang mengatur tentang pemeriksaan perkara dispensasi kawin, dapat dipandang sebagai upaya serius dari penyelenggara hukum untuk mengantisipasi “liarnya” pernikahan anak
Characteristics of Hate Speech and Freedom of Expression in the Perspective of Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah Agus Purnomo; Umi Sumbulah; Nor Salam; Hikam Hulwanullah
JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) Vol 22, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31958/juris.v22i1.9446

Abstract

This article discusses the model of freedom of speech that is prohibited and categorized as hate speech using the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah approach. The prohibition and sanctioning of hate speech has been a dilemma. On the one hand, it prevents someone from hurting other people’s feelings. On the other hand, it violates freedom of speech. This research is a literature study in which the data were obtained from the texts of the Qur’an. Through normative-empirical and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah approaches, this study reveals that freedom of speech is part of human rights, which in the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah perspective can be categorized as protection of freedom of thought (ḥifẓ al-’aql). However, when freedom of speech is not controlled, it can potentially become hate speech that can threaten another maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, namely the protection of the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs). The identification and categorization of an action as hate speech or an expression of freedom of speech are based on the benefits. The findings of this study are expected to educate the public in distinguishing between freedom of speech and hate speech according to maqāṣid al-sharī’ah to minimize conflict and hostility.
Problematika Hak Asuh Anak dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama: Analisis Perkara Nomor 802/pdt.G/2019/PA.pct Ira Yuni Rachmawati; Agus Purnomo; Khoirun Nisa Aprilian Agmar
Jurnal Antologi Hukum Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (416.761 KB) | DOI: 10.21154/antologihukum.v2i1.1188

Abstract

According to Article 105 letter a of the KHI, custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz or has not reached the age of 12 is the right of the mother. However, when viewed from the point of view of Islamic law, the virtue of the mother can be lost if the mother cannot be trusted (fasiq). The respondent who is proven to be having an affair with another man other than her husband shows that he has committed a disobedience so that he is out of obedience to Allah. That means he can't be trusted with parenting responsibilities. However, in the decision of the Pacitan Religious Court in the divorce case No. 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct, the Panel of Judges determined the mother as the holder of child custody. Based on these problems, researchers are encouraged to examine more deeply the judges' considerations and the legal impact of the Pacitan Religious Court's decision on Case Number 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct regarding child custody. Because judges are the main actors in law enforcement, their decisions are considered very important for the creation of certainty, justice and legal benefit. From the research conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that the judge's considerations in determining custody of children who have not been mumayyiz to the mother in the decision number 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct are in accordance with Article 50 of Law No. 48 of 2009. When viewed from the aspect of legal certainty, there is a contradiction between the judge's decision number 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct and Article 49 paragraph 1 letter b of Law Number 1 of 1974. As for the legal impact on custody the child in the decision is correct and relevant to the aspect of justice and the aspect of expediency. Menurut Pasal 105 huruf a KHI, hak asuh anak yang belum mumayyiz atau belum berumur 12 tahun adalah hak ibu. Tetapi, bila ditinjau dari sudut pandang hukum Islam, keutamaan ibu tersebut dapat gugur jika ibu tidak dapat dipercaya (fasiq). Termohon yang terbukti berselingkuh dengan pria lain bukan suaminya menunjukkan bahwa ia mengerjakan maksiat sehingga keluar dari ketaatan kepada Allah. Itu berarti ia tidak bisa dipercaya mengemban tanggung jawab pengasuhan. Namun, dalam putusan Pengadilan Agama Pacitan perkara cerai talak Nomor 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct, Majelis Hakim menetapkan ibu sebagai pemegang hak asuh anak. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, peneliti terdorong untuk meneliti lebih dalam terkait pertimbangan hakim dan dampak hukum dari putusan Pengadilan Agama Pacitan Perkara Nomor 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct tentang hak asuh anak. Karena hakim sebagai pelaku utama penegak hukum, putusannya dianggap sangat penting untuk terciptanya sebuah kepastian, keadilan dan kemanfaatan hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif yaitu mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisa data menggunakan metode induktif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti dapat disimpulkan, bahwa pertimbangan hakim dalam menetapkan hak asuh anak yang belum mumayyiz kepada ibu pada putusan nomor 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct telah sesuai dengan Pasal 50 UU No. 48 Tahun 2009. Apabila ditinjau dari aspek kepastian hukum, terdapat sebuah kontradiksi antara putusan hakim nomor 802/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pct dengan Pasal 49 ayat 1 huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Adapun dampak hukum mengenai hak asuh anak pada putusan tersebut sudah tepat dan relevan dengan aspek keadilan dan aspek kemanfaatan.
Perkawinan di Bawah Umur pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Perspektif Perubahan Sosial (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Ponorogo) Uswatul Khasanah; Agus Purnomo
Journal of Economics, Law, and Humanities Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Economics, Law, and Humanities
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/jelhum.v1i2.1122

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the social sector. One of the smallest institutions in the social system that is affected is the family, namely the occurrence of underage marriages. Based on data released by the Religious Courts Agency, the phenomenon of child marriage has tripled. In 2019 there were 23,126 cases, and in 2020 it increased to 64,211 cases. This increase in underage marriage also occurred in Ponorogo Regency. Based on data from the Ponorogo Regency PA, in 2019 there were 97 cases, and in 2020 it increased to 235 cases. From exposure to these facts, this study aims to analyze the impact of social changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the increase in underage marriage in Ponorogo Regency, analyze the form of social processes due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the increase in underage marriage in Ponorogo Regency, and analyze the role of agents of social change in the increase in underage marriage due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Ponorogo Regency. This research includes field research, with qualitative methods and a sociological approach. The results of this study can be concluded that first, there are social changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic which have an impact on increasing underage marriage in Ponorogo Regency, which includes three aspects, namely structure, family function, and environment. Second, the form of the social process of change above is social development. Third, there is a change in the role of the community as agents of social change due to the Covid-19 pandemic which has an impact on increasing underage marriages.