Ratna Safitri
Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia, Indonesia

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European Paper and Watermarks in the Qur'an Copies of Tubagus Mustofa Bakri Ratna Safitri; Priscila Fitriasih Limbong; Nazarudin
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 20 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 20 No. 1 Tahun 2022
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (902.186 KB) | DOI: 10.31291/jlka.v20i1.1016

Abstract

ABSTRACT A Quran copy written by Tubagus Mustofa Bakri (TMB) stored in the oldest mosque in Bogor, West Java, was claimed to have been existed since the 14th century and became a wide public attention. However, the use of European paper and the watermarks in this Quran copy could indicate the otherwise.  This study examines the use of European paper and watermarks in the Quran copy by TMB to confirm whether the reported time of publication (by the descendants of TMB) confirms with philological identifiers in the manuscript. This study employs a qualitative research design with descriptive analysis methods. Data were collected from direct observations in the field and interviews with key informants. The data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis method. Research finding indicates that there is information discrepancy regarding the time of Quran rewriting. Based on the analysis of the paper used, European paper only began to circulate in Nusantara around the 17th –18th century AD. The watermark in the Quran was also unique to the emblem produced between the 17th–18th centuries AD. The present study concludes that Quran copy made by Tubagus Mustofa Bakri was more likely copied between the 17–18th centuries, hence the claimed date of publication in the 14th century might not be accurate. With this finding, this study contributes in providing more accurate historical fact about Quran copy written by a prominent Islam preacher in West Java, Tubagus Mustofa Bakri.   Keyword: Quran, watermark, paper, European paper     ABSTRAK Salinan Al-Qur’an yang ditulis tangan oleh Tubagus Mustofa Bakri diketahui sebagai Al-Qur’an yang ada sejak abad ke-14. Namun, peng­gunaan kertas Eropa dan tanda air (watermark) dalam manuskrip tersebut mengindikasikan perbedaan waktu. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan kertas Eropa dan cap kertas yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an salinan Tubagus Mustofa Bakri (disingkat TMB), untuk menjawab pertanyaan: Apa­­kah terdapat kesesuaian antara waktu pembuatan Al-Qur’an sebagai­ma­na disampaikan oleh keturunan TMB dengan informasi filologisnya (jenis kertas dan watermark)? Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pene­litian kuali­tatif dengan model analisis deskriptif. Data penelitian dikum­pulkan melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan wawancara terha­dap narasumber. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Data analisis menunjukkan adanya ketidak­sesuaian data terkait waktu penyalinan Al-Quran. Data filologis menunjukkab bahwa kertas yang digunakan Al-Qur’an ini adalah kertas Eropa yang mulai ber­edar di Nusantara sekitar abad ke 17–18 Masehi. Selain itu, konversi cap kertas yang terdapat pada kertas Al-Qur’an juga memperli­hatkan bahwa cap kertas tersebut merupakan ciri khas di abad ke 17–18 Masehi. Pene­litian menyimpulkan bahwa Al-Qur’an salinan Tubagus Mustofa Bakri diperkirakan ditulis pada sekitar abad ke-17–18 Masehi, bukan pada abad ke-14 Masehi sebagaimana informasi anak keturunan TMB. Dengan demi­kian, penelitian ini meluruskan informasi yang berkembang di masyarakat terkait fakta sejarah al-Qur’an yang disalin oleh penyebar Islam di Jawa Barat ini.  Kata kunci: Al-Quran, Cap Kertas, Kertas, Kertas Eropa