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Risk Factors Related to Hypertension in Children Shyella E. Ngantung; Adrian Umboh; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo
e-CliniC Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v10i2.37708

Abstract: Hypertension is a serious health problem, not only because of its increasing incidence but also due to its morbidity and mortality. Although children often experience an increase in blood pressure, it is very difficult and even cannot be determined early. Therefore, the increase in blood pressure can persist into adulthood and results in hypertension and coronary heart disease. This is influenced by several risk factors that can support the occurrence of hypertension in children. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of hypertension. This was a literature review study using two databases namely Pubmed and Google Scholar and the keywords were risk factor AND hypertension AND children. The results obtained that there was a relationship between hypertension with nutritional status (obesity), excessive salt consumption, poor physical activity, smoking behavior, poor sleep quality, family history of hypertension, and male sex. In conclusion, there are a variety of risk factors related to hypertension, and obesity is the dominant one.Keywords: risk factor; hypertension; childrenÂ Abstrak: Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius, bukan saja karena angka kejadian-nya yang meningkat melainkan karena morbiditas dan mortalitas yang diakibatkannya. Anak seringkali mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah akan tetapi sangat sulit bahkan tidak dapat ditentukan sejak dini sehingga peningkatan tekanan darah dapat menetap hingga dewasa dan mengakibatkan hipertensi dan penyakit jantung koroner. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat mendukung terjadinya hipertensi pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ini ialah suatu literature review dengan menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed and Google Scholar dengan kata kunci risk factor AND hypertension AND children. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara hipertensi dengan status gizi lebih (obesitas), konsumsi garam berlebih, aktivitas fisik kurang, perilaku merokok, kualitas tidur buruk, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat berbagai factor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko yang dominan.Kata kunci: faktor risiko; hipertensi; anak

Analisis Penerapan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Astryd Sendoh; Junita M. Pertiwi; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i1.48229

Abstract: Patient safety is the cornerstone of health service quality and a top priority in providing health services worldwide. This study was aimed to obtain an overview of the implementation of patient safety goals at the Emergency Department of X Hospital, North Sulawesi Province. This was a qualitative study carried out at the Emergency Department of X Hospital, North Sulawesi Province from November 2022 to January 2023. The research instruments were the researchers themselves (human instruments). The results showed that the understanding of health workers about patient safety goals (SKP 1-3, 5, 6) at the Emergency Department of X Hospital and the availability of facilities and infrastructure supporting its implementation were in accordance with hospital accreditation standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2022 but they were not optimal, therefore, the implementation of patient safety goals was also not optimal. Moreover, the related facilities and infrastructure of SKP 4 were not yet optimal. In conclusion, the patient safety goals at the Emergency Department of X Hospital North Sulawesi Province have been implemented in accordance with the hospital accreditation standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2022 but are not optimal due to the obstacles in health workers’ compliance. The related facilities and infrastructure are not yet optimal since the new hospital has just begun to operate. Keywords: patient safety goals; health workers; Emergency Department Abstrak: Keselamatan pasien merupakan landasan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dan prioritas utama dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) RS X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jenis penelitian ialah kualitatif yang dilakukan di IGD RS X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pada bulan November 2022-Januari 2023. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan ialah peneliti sendiri (human instrument). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa pemahaman tenaga kesehatan mengenai Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien (SKP 1–3, 5, 6) di IGD RS X Provinsi Sulawesi serta ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung pelaksanaannya sudah sesuai dengan standar akreditasi Rumah Sakit Kementerian Kesehatan RI tahun 2022 tetapi belum optimal sehingga penerapan SKP belum optimal. Sarana dan prasarana pendukung pelaksanaan SKP 4 di IGD masih dalam pemenuhan sesuai standar yang ditetapkan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sasaran keselamatan pasien di IGD RS X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sudah diterapkan sesuai standar akreditasi rumah sakit Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2022 tetapi belum optimal karena adanya kendala pada kepatuhan petugas. Sarana dan prasarana terkait belum optimal dan masih dalam proses melengkapi karena rumah sakit baru beroperasi. Kata kunci: sasaran keselamatan pasien; petugas kesehatan; Instalasi Gawat Darurat

Tatalaksana Terkini Kejang pada Neonatus Crifer R. J. Rondonuwu; Rocky Wilar; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i2.45371

Abstract: Seizures in neonates are caused by a large group of neurons experiencing excessive synchronous depolarization. The therapeutic management of neonates and their prognosis differ, depending on the etiology of the disorder causing the seizures. Management of seizures in neonates use anticonvulsant drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, lidocaine, midazolam, diazepam) so far. This study aimed to determine the current therapy for seizures in neonates. This was a literature review study using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the PICOS framework as selection criteria. The results obtained 10 articles to be reviewed. Phenobarbital became the first-line treatment due to its proven efficacy level compared to other anticonvulsant drugs. There were trials of giving levetiracetam as the first-line therapy due to its fewer side effects than phenobarbital. Some other literatures stated that side effects after administration of anti-seizure drugs varied, depending on the underlying etiology. In conclusion, phenobarbital is still the first line treatment for neonatal seizures followed by phenytoin as the second line, midazolam as the third line, and diazepam as the fourth line treatment. However, it is possible that levetiracetam can be used as the first-line anti-seizure drug, or as an alternative treatment. Keywords: neonatal seizures; pharmacologic treatment; current management; anticonvulsant drugs Abstrak: Kejang pada neonatus disebabkan oleh sekelompok besar neuron mengalami depolarisasi sinkron yang berlebihan. Penatalaksanaan terapeutik neonatus dan prognosisnya berbeda, tergantung dari etiologi gangguan yang menyebabkan kejang. Tatalaksana kejang pada neonatus menggunakan obat antikonvulsan (fenobarbital, fenitoin, levetiracetam, lidokain, midazolam, diazepam). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terapi terkini untuk kejang pada neonatus. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literatur review dengan pencarian literatur dari database Pubmed dan Google Scholar menggunakan framework PICOS sebagai kriteria seleksi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 artikel untuk dikaji. Fenobarbital merupakan pengobatan lini pertama karena tingkat efikasi yang terbukti lebih manjur dari pada pengobatan obat antikonvulsan lainnya. Uji coba pemberian levetiracetam sebagai terapi lini pertama telah dilakukan dengan pertimbangan efek samping yang lebih lurang daripada fenobarbital. Beberapa literatur menyatakan efek samping setelah pemberian obat anti kejang bervariasi, tergantung etiologi yang mendasari. Simpulan penelitian ini fenobarbital masih menjadi pilihan pengobatan lini pertama untuk kejang pada neonates, lini kedua fenitoin, lini ketiga midazolam, dan lini keempat diazepam. Tidak menutup kemungkinan jika levetiracetam dapat digunakan sebagai obat anti kejang lini pertama, ataupun dijadikan sebagai pengobatan alternatif. Kata kunci: kejang neonatus; pengobatan farmakologi; tatalaksana terkini; obat antikonvulsan

Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik terhadap Neonatus dengan Hiperbilirubinemia Dewi A. R. Hastuti; Johnny L. Rompis; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i2.45410

Abstract: Hyperbilirubinemia is a medical condition that is often found in the first week of neonates. The usual treatment for hyperbilirubinemia is phototherapy, however, many studies revealed probiotics as another form of treatment. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have similarities to the normal intestinal flora. They are believed to reduce enterohepatic cycle activity which can reduce serum bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics on neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This was a literature review study using three different databases, namely Pubmed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey. The results obtained 10 literatures carried out from related inclusion and exclusion selections. After reviewing the ten literatures, it was found that the most widely used probiotic genus was Lactobacillus where the strain that had the greatest influence was Lactobacillus reuteri. Six out of ten literatures stated that probiotics had significant effect as a treatment for neonates with hyperbilirubinemia due to their capability to reduce the total serum bilirubin. In conclusion, probiotics may affect the treatment of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Keywords: probiotics; hyperbilirubinemia; neonates Abstrak: Hiperbilirubinemia merupakan salah satu kondisi medis yang sering dijumpai pada seminggu pertama pada neonatus. Pengobatan yang biasa diberikan pada hiperbilirubinemia ialah fototerapi, namun saat ini telah banyak penelitian mengenai probiotik sebagai bentuk pengobatan lainnya. Probiotik merupakan mikroorganisme hidup yang memiliki kesamaan dengan flora normal usus dan dipercaya dapat menurunkan aktivitas siklus enterohepatik dan selanjutnya bilirubin serum pada neonatus yang mengalami hiperbilirubinemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik pada neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia. Jenis penelitian ialaah suatu literature review berdasarkan pencarian melalui tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Google Scholar, dan ClinicalKey. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 literatur yang telah dilakukan seleksi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi terkait. Dari 10 jurnal yang telah diulas, didapatkan bahwa genus probiotik yang paling banyak digunakan ialah Lactobacillus, dan strain yang memiliki pengaruh terbesar yaitu Lactobacillus reuteri. Enam dari 10 literatur menyatakan bahwa pemberian probiotik dapat berpengaruh bermakna sebagai pengobatan neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia karena probiotik dapat membantu menurunkan nilai total serum bilirirubin. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah probiotik dapat memengaruhi pengobatan neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia. Kata kunci: probiotik; hiperbilirubinemia; neonatus

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