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Mayer F. Wowor
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Description of SGOT and SGPT Levels in Pregnant Women with Confirmed COVID-19 Clara V. I. Ponto; Glady I. Rambert; Mayer F. Wowor
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v3i2.37836

Abstract

Abstract: Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy cause pregnant women to become more susceptible to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 that could cause liver disorders. This study aimed to determine the overview of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels in pregnant women with COVID-19 This was a descriptive study with a retrospective approach using secondary data in the form of patient medical records at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in the period of July-August 2021. The results showed that based on the SGOT level among the second trimester patients, 1 patient (50%) had an increased SGOT in the range of 27-54 U/L and 1 patient (50%) had normal SGOT levels (<27 U/L). Among the third trimester patients, 15 patients (31%) had increased SGOT in the range of 26-53 U/L, 9 patients (18%) with increased SGOT >52 U/L, and 25 patients (51%) had normal SGOT. Based on SGPT levels among the second trimester patients, both patients (100%) had normal SGPT (<35 U/L), while in the third trimester patients, 4 patients (8%) had increased SGPT in the range of 29-58 U/L, 4 patients (8%) had increased SGPT >58 U/L, and 41 patients (84%) had normal SGPT (<29 U/L). In conclusion, most of the patients had normal SGOT and SGPT levels. There were more patients with increased SGOT than those with increased SGPT.Keywords: COVID-19; pregnant women; SGOT; SGPT Abstrak: Perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi selama kehamilan menyebabkan wanita hamil lebih mudah terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 dan mengalami gangguan pada hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) pada wanita hamil terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik pasien di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Juli-Agustus 2021. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan distribusi nilai SGOT pada pasien trimester II, didapatkan 1 pasien (50%) mengalami peningkatan SGOT pada rentang 27-54 U/L dan 1 pasien (50%) memiliki nilai SGOT normal, yaitu <27 U/L. Pada pasien trimester III, terdapat 15 pasien (31%) yang mengalami peningkatan SGOT pada rentang 26-52 U/L, 9 pasien (18%) dengan peningkatan nilai SGOT >52 U/L, dan 25 pasien (51%) memiliki nilai SGOT normal, yaitu <26 U/L. Pada distribusi nilai SGPT pasien trimester II, kedua pasien (100%) memiliki nilai SGPT normal, yaitu <35 U/L, sedangkan pada pasien trimester III, terdapat 4 pasien (8%) yang mengalami peningkatan SGPT pada rentang 29-58 U/L, 4 pasien (8%) mengalami peningkatan SGPT >58 U/L, dan 41 pasien (84%) memiliki nilai SGPT normal, yaitu <29 U/L. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sebagian besar pasien memiliki SGOT dan SGPT normal. Pasien yang mengalami peningkatan SGOT lebih banyak daripada pasien yang mengalami peningkatan SGPT.Kata kunci: COVID-19; wanita hamil; SGOT; SGPT
Overview of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Pregnancy with COVID-19 in 2019-2020 in Several Asian Countries Nathanael T. Tarore; Mayer F. Wowor; Glady I. Rambert
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v3i2.37840

Abstract

Abstract: Pregnant women are vulnerable to be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to changes in the anatomy and physiology of the body. Mortality of pregnant women differs by country and can be affected by risk factors. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and outcome of pregnant women with COVID-19 in several Asian countries. This was a literature review study using three databases namely Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords were “Maternal” OR “Pregnancy” OR “Pregnancies” AND “COVID-19” OR “Coronavirus Disease 2019” AND “Outcome” AND “Risk Factor”. Overall, the most common risk factors were hypertension (10.6%), followed by hypothyroidism (8.1%), diabetes (7.7%), obesity (3.8%) and asthma (1.3%). The majority of patients were above 30 years of age and had gestational age at the 3rd trimester. As many as 70.5% of patients were asymptomatic and had only mild symptoms. Qualitatively, the highest mortality rates were found in Iran (4%), followed by Pakistan (2.1%), India (1.74%), Japan (1.3%), and Saudi Arabia (0.5%). Meanwhile, China, Kuwait, Singapore, and South Korea reported no deaths. In conclusion, the most common risk factor was hypertension and the most common clinical outcome was asymptomatic and had mild symptoms.Keywords: COVID-19; pregnant women; risk factor; clinical outcomes Abstrak: Wanita hamil merupakan kelompok rentan terinfeksi severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dikarenakan terjadinya perubahan anatomi dan fisiologik tubuh. Mortalitas wanita hamil berbeda pada tiap negara dan dapat dipengaruhi oleh fakor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko dan luaran klinis kehamilan dengan COVID-19 pada beberapa negara Asia. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah “Maternal” OR “Pregnancy” OR “Pregnancies” AND “COVID-19” OR “Coronavirus Disease 2019” AND “Outcome” AND “Risk Factor” Secara keseleruhan faktor risiko yang terbanyak ialah hipertensi (10,6%), diikuti hipotiroid (8,1%), diabetes (7,7%), obesitas (3,8%), dan asma (1,3%). Mayoritas pasien berusia di atas 30 tahun dan usia kehamilan pada trimester 3. Sebanyak 70,5% pasien bermanifestasi asimtomatis dan bergejala ringan. Secara kualitatif angka mortalitias paling tinggi ditemukan di Iran (4%), diikuti Pakistan (2,1%), India (1,74%), Jepang (1,3%), dan Arab Saudi (0,5%). Cina, Kuwait, Singapura, dan Korea Selatan melaporkan tidak ada kasus kematian. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor risiko yang paling umum ditemukan berupa hipertensi dan luaran klinis yang paling umum ditemukan berupa asimtomatis dan bergejala ringan.Kata kunci: COVID-19; wanita hamil; faktor risiko; luaran klinis
Hubungan Obesitas dengan Tingkat Keparahan COVID-19 Shally G. C. P. Lahagina; Mayer F. Wowor; Siemona L. E. Berhimpon
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i1.45130

Abstract

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Obesity is one of the risk factors that might increase the severity of COVID-19 due to anatomical and physiological changes in the body. Previous studies have shown high mortality and morbidity rates in obese patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19. This was a literature review study. The results obtained 17 articles concluding that there was an association between obesity and the severity of the disease, however, one article concluded no association between them. The reported severity criteria ranged from severe to critical ill. In conclusion, obese patients with had higher risk to suffer form more severe COVID-19. The outcomes of obese patients with COVID-19 are hospitalization, admission at Intensive Care Unit, intubation, and death. Keywords: COVID-19; obesity; disease severity   Abstrak: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan keparahan COVID-19 terkait adanya perubahan anatomi dan fisiologis tubuh. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi pada pasien obesitas dengan COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan obesitas dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit pada COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 17 artikel yang menyimpulkan adanya hubungan obesitas dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit pada COVID-19 dan satu artikel menyimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan obesitas dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit pada COVID-19. Kriteria tingkat keparahan yang dilaporkan mulai dari berat sampai kritis. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien obesitas dengan COVID-19 berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami keparahan penyakit. Luaran pasien dengan obesitas yaitu dirawat inap, menerima perawatan di Intensive Care Unit, diintubasi, dan kematian. Kata kunci: COVID-19; obesitas; tingkat keparahan penyakit
Gambaran Interleukin 6 dan Hepidin pada Penyakit Kronis yang Dapat Menyebabkan Anemia Natasya G. Rorimpandey; Glady I. Rambert; Mayer F. Wowor
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i1.45131

Abstract

Abstract: Anemia of chronic diseases is the second most common anemia after iron deficiency anemia. Hepcidin is a key factor that regulates iron metabolism, meanwhile interleukin 6 plays an important role in stimulating hepcidin mRNA. Chronic inflammation can stimulate macrophages to produce IL-6 and induce hepcidin, which will inhibit iron absorption in small intestine and also reduce iron release from macrophages resulting in anemia. This study aimed obtain the description of interleukin 6 and hepcidin in chronic diseases causing anemia inter alia tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This was a literature review using three databases namely PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier. The results obtained 15 literatures to be reviewed, consisting of three articles about tuberculosis, four articles about HIV, three articles about RA, three articles about IBD, dan two articles about SLE. Most literatures showed increased IL-6 and hepcidin levels, therefore, both could be used as diagnostic markers for anemia. Minimum and maximum levels that caused anemia in chronic diseases for IL-6 was 1.17-98.00 pg/ml and for hepcidin 0.5-228.1 ng/ml. In conclusion, in chronic diseases causing anemia, there are increases of IL-6 and hepcidin, therefore, they could be used as diagnostic markers for anemia. Keywords: interleukin 6; hepcidin; anemia of chronic diseases   Abstrak: Anemia pada penyakit kronik merupakan anemia kedua terbanyak setelah anemia defisiensi besi. Hepsidin merupakan faktor kunci yang mengatur metabolisme zat besi sedangkan interleukin 6 berperan penting dalam merangsang mRNA hepsidin. Inflamasi kronis dapat merangsang makrofag untuk memroduksi IL-6 dan menginduksi hepsidin, menghambat penyerapan besi di usus halus dan juga menurunkan pelepasan besi dari makrofag sehingga terjadi anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran interleukin 6 dan hepidin pada penyakit kronis yang dapat menyebabkan anemia, antara lain tuberkulosis, infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) dan systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Jenis penelitian ini ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga sumber database yaitu PubMed, Google Scholar dan Elsevier. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 15 literatur yang dilakukan review. Terdapat tiga artikel tentang tuberkulosis, empat artikel infeksi HIV, tiga artikel RA, tiga artikel IBD, dan dua artikel SLE. Sebagian besar literatur memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan hepsidin sehingga keduanya dapat dijadikan penanda diagnostik anemia pada penyakit kronis. Nilai minimum dan maksimum IL-6 pada beberapa penyakit kronis yang dapat menyebabkan anemia ialah 1,17-98,00 pg/ml dan hepsidin 0,5-228,1 ng/ml. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada penyakit kronis yang dapat menyebabkan anemia terdapat peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan hepsidin sehingga keduanya dapat dijadikan penanda diagnostik anemia. Kata kunci: interleukin 6; hepsidin; anemia penyakit kronis
Gambaran Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Tahun 2022 Teofaniblesstin Mangontan; Siemona L. Berhimpon; Mayer F. Wowor
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53651

Abstract

Abstract: Ischemic stroke is the most common type of strokes, especially in patients with history of diabetes—a non-modifiable risk factor. Hyperglycemia is common in acute ischemic stroke patients, whether with or without history of diabetes. This study aimed to obtain the overview of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in 2022. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in 2022 using total sampling method. The results showed that of 40 samples, the predominance were female patients (55.0%) with FBG levels of ≥126 mg/dL (27.5%), aged 56–65 years (35.0%) with FBG levels of ≥126 mg/dL (12.5%), without history of diabetes (70.0%) with FBG levels of 70–99 mg/dL (30.0%), and stroke in the acute phase (90.0%) with FBG levels of 70–99 mg/dL (32.5%). In conclusion, ischemic stroke patients were predominantly female and aged 56–65 years with hyperglycemic FBG levels. Additionally, most patients had no history of diabetes and were in the acute phase with normal FBG levels. Keywords: fasting blood glucose; ischemic stroke; diabetes mellitus    Abstrak: Stroke iskemik merupakan jenis stroke yang paling sering ditemukan, terutama pada pasien dengan riwayat diabetes. Diabetes merupakan faktor risiko stroke yang tidak dapat diubah. Keadaan hiperglikemia umum ditemukan pada pasien stroke iskemik akut, baik dengan atau tanpa riwayat diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou tahun 2022 diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 40 sampel pasien dengan stroke iskemik yang didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan (55,0%) dengan kadar GDP ≥126 mg/dL (27,5%), usia 56–65 tahun (35,0%) dengan kadar GDP ≥126 mg/dL (12,5%), tanpa riwayat diabetes melitus (70,0%) dengan kadar GDP 70–99 mg/dL (30,0%), dan stroke fase akut (90,0%) dengan kadar GDP 70–99 mg/dL (32,5%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022 didominasi oleh perempuan dan kelompok usia 56–65 tahun dengan kadar GDP hiperglikemia, serta tanpa riwayat diabetes melitus dan fase akut dengan kadar GDP normal. Kata kunci: glukosa darah puasa; stroke iskemik; diabetes melitus
Gambaran Faktor Risiko pada Wanita Hamil Trimester 3 yang Terkonfirmasi Positif SARS-CoV-2 Aurelia S. Posumah; Mayer F. Wowor; Glady I. Rambert
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31879

Abstract

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are several groups that are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, one of which is pregnant women. This can be attributed to changes in the physiology and immune system that occur in pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the most risk factors that cause pregnant women in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou was infected with SARS-CoV-2. This type of research is descriptive with a retrospective approach, using secondary data in the form of data from the patient's medical record status. From 5 patients studied, there were 4 patients with risk factors for hypertension (80%) and 1 patient with close contact risk factors (20%), but other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, travel history in transmission areas, obesity and smoking are not found. In conclusion, from 5 patients studied, the most risk factor that causes pregnant women in the third trimester to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is hypertension (80%).Keywords: 3rd trimester pregnant women, SARS-CoV-2, risk factor  Abstrak: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Terdapat beberapa kelompok yang rentan terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2, salah satunya wanita hamil. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan perubahan fisiologi dan sistem imunitas tubuh yang terjadi pada wanita hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terbanyak yang menyebabkan wanita hamil di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif, yaitu menggunakan data sekunder berupa data dari status rekam medik pasien. Dari 5 pasien yang diteliti, didapatkan 4 pasien dengan faktor risiko hipertensi (80%) dan 1 pasien dengan faktor risiko kontak erat (20%), namun pada faktor risiko lain seperti diabetes melitus, riwayat perjalanan di daerah transmisi, obesitas dan merokok tidak ditemukan. Sebagai simpulan, dari 5 pasien yang diteliti, faktor risiko terbanyak yang menyebabkan wanita hamil trimester 3 terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 adalah hipertensi (80%).Kata Kunci: wanita hamil trimester 3, SARS-CoV-2, faktor risiko
Co-Authors Aurelia S. Posumah Clara V. I. Ponto Glady I. Rambert Natasya G. Rorimpandey Nathanael T. Tarore Shally G. C. P. Lahagina Siemona L. Berhimpon Siemona L. E. Berhimpon Teofaniblesstin Mangontan