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Sylvia R. Marunduh
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Perbandingan Kadar D-dimer pada Pasien COVID-19 Bergejala Sedang dan Berat Kevin J. Walandow; Sylvia R. Marunduh; Joice N. A. Engka
eBiomedik Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v10i1.37914

Abstract

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical symptoms found in COVID-19 patients vary, ranging from mild, moderate, severe, and asymptomatic. It was found that COVID-19 patients with more severe clinical manifestations tended to have higher D-dimer levels compared to patients with milder clinical manifestations. This study aims to identify the concentration and comparison of D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe symptoms. This study used an analytic observational design with a retrospective approach. The research sample amounted to 122 samples derived from medical record data of COVID-19 patients at Sentra Medika Hospital North Minahasa using the purposive sampling method. The levels of D-dimer were then analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results of this study showed that D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms ranged from 137-8,916 ng/mL, while in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms it ranged from 270-30,540 ng/mL. In the Mann-Whitney test, the value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05). The average D-dimer level in COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms was 1,659 ± 2,170 ng/mL (n=72) while in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms it was 4,734 ± 5,999 ng/mL (n=50). In conclusion, there is a significant difference between the average D-dimer levels of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, where the D-dimer level of severe COVID-19 patients is almost three times higher than that of moderately symptomatic COVID-19 patients.Keywords: COVID-19; D-dimer levels; symptoms Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona baru yang disebut Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gejala klinis yang ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19 bervariasi, mulai dari ringan, sedang, berat, dan asimptomatik. Ditemukan pasien COVID-19 dengan manifestasi klinis yang lebih berat cenderung memiliki kadar D-dimer yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien dengan manifestasi klinis lebih ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konsentrasi dan perbandingan kadar D-dimer pada pasien COVID-19 bergejala sedang dan berat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 122 sampel yang berasal dari data rekam medis pasien COVID-19 di Sentra Medika Hospital Minahasa Utara menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Kadar D-dimer selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan kadar D-dimer pada pasien COVID-19 bergejala sedang berkisar antara 137-8.916 ng/mL, sedangkan pada pasien COVID-19 bergejala berat berkisar antara 270-30.540 ng/mL. Pada uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Rata-rata kadar D-dimer pasien COVID-19 bergejala sedang sebesar 1.659 ± 2.170 ng/mL (n=72) sedangkan pada pasien COVID-19 bergejala berat sebesar 4.734 ± 5.999 ng/mL (n=50). Sebagai simpulan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari rata-rata kadar D-dimer pasien COVID-19 bergejala sedang dan berat, dimana kadar D-dimer pada pasien COVID-19 bergejala berat hampir tiga kali lipat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien COVID-19 bergejala sedang.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; kadar D-dimer; gejala
Peran Imunitas Seluler Pada Ibu Hamil Arjilio T. Z. Runtukahu; Sylvia R. Marunduh; Hedison Polii
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31796

Abstract

Abstract: Pregnant women are susceptible to various diseases, such as infectious diseases because fetus identified as a foreign object to immune system. Body will accommodate this situation with the immunosuppression process. Cellular immunity is last line of defense in pregnant women that susceptible to infection, researchers interested to conducting a literature review about role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. This study aims to determine role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. Collecting data use three databases, namely: Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Ten literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It consists of various types of research designs: three cross-sectional studies, three article review studies, two case control studies, one systematic review study and one longitudinal study. The results of the literature review showed: Decreased number of T cells; CD8+ and Th1 cells activity is increased in viral infections; Th1 / Th2 shifting occurs during pregnancy; Infection that occurs during pregnancy likely to have a negative impact on the mother and the fetus; and Vaccination can increase immunity of the mother and fetus against infectious diseases. Cellular immunity maintains the stability of the functions of mother and fetus during pregnancy by adjusting the quantity between Th1 and Th2 cells.Keywords: Cell-mediated Immunity, Pregnant Women, Pregnancy   Abstrak: Wanita hamil rentan terhadap berbagai macam penyakit, seperti penyakit infeksi karena janin dianggap sebagai benda asing oleh sistem imun tubuh. Tubuh akan mengakomodasi keadaan ini dengan proses imunosupresi. Imunitas seluler menjadi lini pertahanan tubuh terakhir pada ibu hamil yang rentan terhadap infeksi membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan literature review terhadap peran imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran dari imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Sciencedirect, Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Sepuluh literature memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdiri dari berbagai jenis rancangan penelitian yaitu: tiga penelitian cross – sectional, tiga penelitian article review, dua penelitian case control study, satu penelitian systematic review dan satu penelitian longitudinal study. Hasil penelitian literature review menunjukan: Penurunan jumlah sel T; Aktivitas Sel T CD8+ dan Th1 meningkat pada infeksi virus; Shifting Th1/Th2 terjadi selama kehamilan; Infeksi yang terjadi pada saat kehamilan sangat mungkin memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi ibu dan janin; dan Vaksinasi bisa meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh ibu dan janin terhadap penyakit infeksi. Imunitas seluler menjaga kestabilan fungsi tubuh ibu dan janin selama kehamilan lewat penyesuaian kuantitas antara sel Th1 dan Th2.Kata Kunci: Imunitas diperantarai sel, Ibu Hamil, Kehamilan
Respon Imunoglobulin M dan Imunoglobulin G terhadap SARS-CoV-2 pada Dewasa Geriko Y. Watupongoh; Fredine E. S. Rares; John P. Porotu'o; Sylvia R. Marunduh
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31905

Abstract

Abstract: The life of all people in the world has been affected since the COVID-19 hit the world at the end of 2019. In 2020 the whole world is faced with a very difficult year because the positive number of COVID-19 continues to grow. Even in Indonesia, COVID-19 is still a problem that affects various aspects of people’s lives. Without being checked, someone who looks healthy can become one of the people without symptoms and continue to cause COVID-19 to spread in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the response of immunoglobulin M & immunoglobulin G to SARS-CoV-2 in adults. The results of the literature review study on Immunoglobulin M & Immunoglobulin G increased when there was exposure to SARS-CoV-2 , although other immunoglobulins also increased, the most visible and significant results in the diagnostic screening of COVID-19 were Immunoglobulin M & Immunoglobulin G. In conclusion, Immunoglobulin M & Immunoglobulin G has an increase in SARS-CoV-2 positive adults. Immunoglobulin M will appear early in symptom onset, and then two weeks after symptom onset Immunoglobulin G increases.Keywords: Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, SARS-CoV-2, adults.  Abstrak: Kehidupan masyarakat luas dipengaruhi sejak adanya COVID-19 yang melanda dunia pada akhir tahun 2019. Tahun 2020 seluruh dunia diperhadapkan dengan tahun yang begitu berat karena angka positif COVID-19 yang terus bertambah. Bahkan di Indonesia sendiri COVID-19 masih menjadi masalah yang mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Tanpa dilakukan pemeriksaan seseorang yang terlihat sehat dapat menjadi salah satu orang tanpa gejala dan terus menyebabkan COVID-19 tersebar di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Respon Imunoglobulin M & Imunoglobulin G terhadap SARS-CoV-2 pada orang dewasa. Hasil penelitian literature review Imunoglobulin M & Imunoglobulin G meningkat saat ada paparan SARS-CoV-2, meskipun imunoglobulin lain juga ikut meningkat namun hasil pemeriksaan yang paling terlihat meningkat dan bermakna dalam screening diagnostik COVID-19 merupakan Imunoglobulin M & Imunoglobulin G. Sebagai simpulan, Imunoglobulin M & Imunoglobulin G mengalami peningkatan terhadap dewasa yang positif SARS-CoV-2. Imunoglobulin M akan muncul diawal gejala onset, dan kemudian dua minggu setelah gejala onset Imunoglobulin G meningkat.Kata Kunci: Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, SARS-CoV-2, orang dewasa.
Co-Authors Arjilio T. Z. Runtukahu Fredine Rares Geriko Y. Watupongoh Hedison Polii John P. Porotu'o Joice N. A. Engka Kevin J. Walandow