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All Journal Indonesia Journal of Social Responsibility Review (IJSRR)
Widodo Muktiyo
Sebelas Maret University
Social Sciences

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Collective Action and Social Relations: The Limits of Olson’s Theory and the Primacy of Social Capital in Community Empowerment Programs in Riau, Indonesia Miftah Faridl Widhagdha; Widodo Muktiyo; Drajat Tri Kartono; Dwiningtyas Padmaningrum
Indonesian Journal of Social Responsibility Review (IJSRR) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prospect Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55381/ijsrr.v5i1.551

Abstract

The success of community empowerment programs, particularly those run through corporate social responsibility (CSR), depends heavily on the collective action of local groups. Mancur Olson’s (1971) theory of collective action favors small, homogeneous, and goal-focused groups, yet it often fails to explain sociological realities on the ground, especially in Indonesia. This article critiques Olson’s theory using qualitative data on three CSR beneficiary groups of an oil refinery company in Bengkalis, Riau Province, Indonesia. The Tunas Makmur Farmers Group and the Harapan Bersama Fishermen Group appear to support Olson’s theory. However, the Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA), a formal and heterogeneous group, challenges this logic: its effectiveness does not correlate with its size. We argue that Olson’s model is incomplete. The success of collective action is determined by sociological prerequisites, namely social relations or social capital (norms, trust, and networks), and homogeneity is merely a proxy for strong social relations. Collective action theory should therefore be modified by integrating social relations as the foundation that enables Olson’s determinants to function.
Co-Authors Drajat Tri Kartono DWININGTYAS PADMANINGRUM Widhagdha, Miftah Faridl