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All Journal Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics LingPoet: Journal of Linguistics and Literary Research
Yanisha Dwi Astari
Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis
Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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LEADER AND PEOPLE CONCEPTS EMBODIED IN METAPHORS FOUND IN PENYAMBUNG LIDAH RAKYAT INDONESIA: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY BOOK OF SOEKARNO Yanisha Dwi Astari; Armita Novriana Rambe
Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Vol 5, No 1 (2023): JANUARY 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/ljlal.v5i1.26709

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate the kinds of metaphors found in the book Penyambung Lidah Rakyat Indonesia: An Autobiography of Soekarno, which is written based on the interview with Soekarno, the first president of Indonesia who pronounced proclamation of Indonesian independence. The identified metaphors are focused on the ones related to the concepts of leader and people. The categorizations are based on Lakoff and Johnson (2003) distinction of conceptual metaphor: structural, orientational, and ontological. The approach used in this study is qualitative. There are 28 data of metaphors related to the concepts of leader and people found in the autobiography book of Soekarno. Based on the analysis, it shows that the concepts of leader and people which are embodied in the metaphors are that leader is the backbone of a family; he/she is born from and raised by people, which inevitably belong to his people (as their property or what people belong to), and as the leader grows up, the offspring roles becomes more significant as the ear, mouth, and the extension of people’s tongue to the utmost. As much important as the leader is, people are also perceived as the nutrition and motor to make the leader alive and keep surviving. 
Saying What You Want: A Neuropragmatic Study of Telegraphic Directives and Theory of Mind in an Adolescent with ASD Yanisha Dwi Astari; Armita Novriana Rambe; Ai Yeni Yuliyanti; Imam Muhtadi
LingPoet: Journal of Linguistics and Literary Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): LingPoet: Journal of Linguistics and Literary Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

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Abstract

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit atypical pragmatic language patterns, yet the relationship between directive speech act production, telegraphic speech, and Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits remains underexplored from a neuropragmatic perspective. This qualitative case study investigated the directive utterances produced by a 15‑year‑old adolescent with ASD attending an inclusive classroom at SMPN 23 Padang, Indonesia. Data were collected over nine days of participant observation, video recordings, and the administration of the Sally-Anne false-belief test. A total of 140 directive utterances were analyzed using Ervin‑Tripp’s (1976) classification system. The results revealed that imperatives constituted most directive types (50%), followed by question directives (18.57%), hints (16.43%), permission directives (13.57%), and need statements (1.43%). No embedded imperatives were produced. The participant consistently employed telegraphic speech and failed the ToM test, indicating an inability to attribute false beliefs to others. From a neuropragmatic standpoint, these patterns – dominance of imperatives, absence of syntactically complex forms, and telegraphic reduction – suggest a delayed neurocognitive trajectory resembling that of typically developing children aged 2–6 years rather than intentional noncompliance. The findings imply that inclusive education practices should incorporate neuropragmatic awareness to better interpret and support the communicative intentions of adolescents with ASD.
Co-Authors Ai Yeni Yuliyanti Armita Novriana Rambe Imam Muhtadi Rambe, Armita Novriana