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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum The Juris Lex Publica JUDGE: Jurnal Hukum
Sukmareni
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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HAK PERLINDUNGAN PENDUDUK SIPIL ATAS SERANGAN LANGSUNG DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATAMENURUT HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL Sukmareni
Lex Publica Vol. 2 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (176.702 KB)

Abstract

Prinsip pembedaan (distinction principle) sangat erat kaitannya dengan perlindungan penduduk sipil, karena prinsip ini secara tegas membedakan penduduk di suatu Negara antara kombatan (combatan) dan penduduk sipil (civilian). Di samping itu juga membedakan objek-obejk yang berada di suatu Negara yang sedang bersengketa atas objek sipil (civilian objects) dan sasaran militer (military objectives). Pada penulisan ini akan dibahas tentang 1) Apa kategori orang sipil yang memperoleh perlindungan terhadap serangan langsung dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan I dan II pada Konvensi Jenewa 12 Agustus 1949 ? dan 2) Faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan penduduk sipil kehilangan haknya atas perlindungan dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan I dan II Konvensi Jenewa 12 Agustus 1949 ?. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa 1) orang sipil yang berhak atas perlindungan terhadap penyerangan langsung dalam konflik bersenjata adalah semua orang yang bukan anggota angkatan bersenjata Negara dan bukan anggota kelompok bersenjata terorganisasi dari pihak yang berkonflik atau bersengketa dan 2) Hak orang sipil atas perlindungan atas serangan langsung pada saat konflik bersenjata akan hilang atau hapus apabila orang sipil tersebut sebagai individu ambil bagian secara langsung dalam permusuhan,individu yang secara terus menerus menyertai atau mendukung kelompok bersenjata terorganisasi tetapi fungsinya tidak melibatkan keikutsertaan langsung dalam permusuhan bukanlah anggota kelompok tersebut dalampengertian HHI, mereka tetap sebagai orang sipil yang memegang fungsi pendukung, seperti petugas perekrutan, petugas pelatihan, petugas pendanaan dan petugas propaganda, kecuali fungsi mereka sudah mencakup pula kegiatan yang setara dengan keikutsertaan langsung dalam permusuhan, individu yang fungsinya terbatas pada kegiatan pembelian, penyelundupan, pembuatan dan pemeliharaan senjata dan perlengkapan lain di luar operasi militer spesifik atau terbatas pada kegiatan pengumpulan informasi intelijen di luar operasi militer.
TINJAUAN TERHADAP PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS KENDARAAN RODA DUA OLEH ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTA BUKITTINGGI Tomi Saputra; Sukmareni; Riki Zulfiko
The Juris Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM : THE JURIS
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/juris.v7i2.925

Abstract

Two-wheeled vehicle traffic violations committed by minors in the jurisdiction of the City of Bukittinggi still occur a lot and have even increased from year to year. This study aims to find out how law enforcement is against violations of two-wheeled vehicle traffic by minors and the constraints and efforts made to enforce the law on traffic violations of minors. This study uses empirical legal research methods. The results of this study, namely: 1) Law enforcement of traffic violations by minors in the City of Bukittinggi, is by Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, but there are still obstacles in its implementation, 2) Efforts law enforcement of two-wheeled vehicle traffic violations by minors has been carried out to the maximum extent possible by the Bukittinggi Police Traffic Unit, but in making these efforts there are obstacles encountered. These efforts are in the form of pre-emptive (coaching), preventive (counseling), and repressive (action) legal remedies.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMUFAKATAN JAHAT DALAM MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA OLEH ANAK Yelli Sri Wahyuni; Sukmareni; Syaiful Munandar
The Juris Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM : THE JURIS
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/juris.v7i2.926

Abstract

Narcotics Crime has occurred a lot in Indonesia. One of those who commit narcotic crimes is a child. Parents are obliged to fulfill the rights of children so as not to fall into drugs and promiscuity. As is the case with the defendant Fajar Bumi Putra who has been sentenced by the Payakumbuh District Court judge, but the problems and objectives of this study are to analyze 1) The basis for the judge's consideration of the Evil Conspiracy case Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN-Pyh in imposing a sentence on a child who commits a narcotic crime. 2) The basis in what case is a child who commits a narcotic crime under number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN Pyh regarding Evil conspiracy committed by children is in accordance with the Law.. Based on the results In this study, the authors suggest efforts to prevent narcotics crime, protect children's values ​​and educate children so they don't fall prey to narcotics and promiscuity by judges and law enforcement officials such as public prosecutors.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PENJATUHAN PUTUSAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA JUDI ONLINE Deva Yurita; Sukmareni; Yenni Fitri Z
The Juris Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM : THE JURIS
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/juris.v7i2.927

Abstract

This study analyzes the considerations by judges in imposing criminal decisions on perpetrators of online gambling crimes in Decision Number 111/Pid.B/2022/Pn Bkt. This research uses normative law research. Data analysis is used by interpreting the data and presenting it in sentences to answer problems in subsequent chapters. The results of this study are: 1) The panel of judges in deciding the considerations in the decision considers more juridical considerations that look at the defendant's background and life further. The judge should be able to give a more severe deterrent effect to the defendant, remembering the defendant is not just a number taker on gambling games online but acting as a bookie. 2) In imposing a criminal verdict, the public prosecutor and the Panel of Judges should also use the law on electronic transactions and information, considering that the defendant's case is online gambling, accessed using the network.
Analisis Tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Judi Online (Studi Kasus Terdakwa Aditya Bin Noviar : Kejaksaan Negeri Agam) Chicha Idia Roza; Sukmareni
Judge : Jurnal Hukum Vol. 6 No. 07 (2026): Judge : Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/judge.v6i07.2155

Abstract

The development of information technology has led to the emergence of new forms of crime, one of which is online gambling. Although it is strictly regulated in Articles 303 and 303 bis of the Criminal Code (KUHP), as well as Article 27 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (2) of Law No. 1 of 2024 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), law enforcement against online gambling perpetrators still faces various challenges, including in the prosecution process. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations of the Public Prosecutor (JPU) in formulating criminal charges against the defendant Aditya bin Noviar in case Number 32/Pid.B/2025/PN Lbb. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Data was obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that the conventional approach through the Criminal Code still dominates the prosecution strategy, even though the crimes being handled have transformed into digital forms. This study concludes that the prosecution strategy against online gambling perpetrators needs to be more adaptive, targeted, and reflect strong legal protection for the community. The findings show that the criminal charge of 1 (one) year imprisonment was based on consideration of evidence, trial facts, and aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the defendant, thus reflecting the application of the principles of legality and proportionality. The charges are formally in accordance with Article 303 paragraph (1) 2 of the Criminal Code, but are considered relatively light when linked to the characteristics of online gambling as a crime based on information technology. The use of Article 303 of the Criminal Code was chosen because the elements of the offense in the ITE Law were not proven, so the principle of lex specialis could not be applied.
Co-Authors Chicha Idia Roza Deva Yurita Riki Zulfiko Syaiful Munandar Tomi Saputra Yelli Sri Wahyuni Yenni Fitri Z