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DNA METHYLATION IN THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE GENE: PREDICTOR OF GRAVE’S DISEASE RECURRENCE IN INDONESIA Luluk yunaini; Dwi Anita Suryandari; Trisia Lusiana Amir; Dwi Yanti; Fatimah Eliana
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 06: (2018) June 2018
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) has a critical role in Graves’ disease (GD). GD is an autoimmune disease which is multifactorial. Environmental factors can affect the epigenetic, a changes in gene expression without any changes in base sequence of the DNA. One of the epigenetic types is methylation. This study aims to determine the status of DNA methylation in TSHR gene in patients with GD to be one of the predictors of recurrence. This study used a case control design with 58 samples of GD patients divided into 29 groups of recurrence and 29 groups of non-recurrence. DNA methylation examination used methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method. Our result found that DNA methylation profile of GD in Indonesia were 5% with complete DNA methylation, 17% complete DNA unmethylation and 78 partial DNA methylation. Statistical analysis showed no significant different between recurrence and non-recurrence group (p>0.05). Nevertheless, our result showed no patient with complete status DNA methylation was found in recurrence group. This shows that in recurrence occur a reduction of DNA methylation resulting in increasing of TSHR production. Thus, DNA methylation in TSHR gene might be has a role in the risk of recurrence GD.
Profil Penggunaan Antipsikotik pada Pasien Skizofrenia dengan Sindrom Metabolik di RS. Soeharto Heerdjan Grogol Jakarta 2024 dan Tinjauanya menurut Islam Syifa Aziza Syifa; Citra Fitri; Fatimah Eliana
Junior Medical Journal Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33476/jmj.v3i6.5034

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Skizofrenia adalah gangguan psikotik yang sering mempengaruhi cara berpikir, persepsi, emosi, dan perilaku, yang dapat menyebabkan dampak sosial yang signifikan bagi penderitanya. Pengobatan utama untuk skizofrenia adalah penggunaan antipsikotik, baik tipikal maupun atipikal. Meskipun antipsikotik atipikal lebih sering digunakan karena efek samping yang lebih ringan, mereka tetap berisiko menyebabkan sindrom metabolik, yang merupakan kumpulan kondisi seperti obesitas, dislipidemia, hipertensi, dan diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil penggunaan antipsikotik dan keterkaitannya dengan sindrom metabolik pada pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr. Soeharto Herdjan Grogol Jakarta pada tahun 2024. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional, yang mengumpulkan data dari rekam medis pasien. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan Software Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) versi 29.0., uji fisher exact. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif terhadap 58 responden pasien skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Soeharto Heerdjan, umur rata-rata adalah 35.33 tahun dengan rentang 15-83 tahun. Sebanyak 50% responden adalah laki-laki dan 50% perempuan, sementara 79.3% tidak mengalami sindrom metabolik. Penggunaan antipsikotik didominasi oleh jenis atipikal (87.9%). Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara jenis antipsikotik dan sindrom metabolik, dengan (p>0,05.) Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa profil antipsikotik tidak mempengaruhi kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien tersebut. Simpulan: Berdasarkan analisis pasien skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Soeharto Heerdjan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas efek samping antipsikotik terjadi pada pasien tanpa sindrom metabolik. Antipsikotik atipikal, terutama risperidone, adalah yang paling banyak digunakan, meskipun kombinasi dengan clozapine juga terlihat. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara jenis antipsikotik dengan sindrom metabolik. Saran meliputi pentingnya monitoring rutin untuk deteksi dini sindrom metabolik dan peran apoteker dalam edukasi pasien. Penelitian mendatang disarankan untuk melibatkan lebih banyak sampel dan mengkaji lebih dalam tentang sindrom metabolik pada pasien ini. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that often affects thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior, causing significant social impacts on sufferers. The primary treatment for schizophrenia is the use of antipsychotics, both typical and atypical. While atypical antipsychotics are more commonly used due to milder side effects, they still carry the risk of causing metabolic syndrome, a collection of conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. This study aims to analyze the profile of antipsychotic use and its correlation with metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients treated at Dr. Soeharto Herdjan Psychiatric Hospital in Grogol, Jakarta, in 2024. The research method employed is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing patient medical records for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0, employing the Fisher's exact test. Based on a descriptive analysis of 58 schizophrenia patients at Soeharto Heerdjan Hospital, the average age was 35.33 years, with a range of 15 to 83 years. Fifty percent of the respondents were male and 50% were female, while 79.3% did not experience metabolic syndrome. The use of antipsychotics was predominantly atypical, accounting for 87.9% of cases. Chi-Square testing revealed no significant relationship between the type of antipsychotic used and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (p>0.05). This indicates that the antipsychotic profile does not influence the incidence of metabolic syndrome in these patients.Based on the analysis of schizophrenia patients at Soeharto Heerdjan Hospital, it can be concluded that the majority of antipsychotic side effects occur in patients without metabolic syndrome. Atypical antipsychotics, particularly risperidone, were the most commonly used, although combinations with clozapine were also observed. There was no significant relationship between the type of antipsychotic used and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Recommendations include the importance of routine monitoring for early detection of metabolic syndrome and the role of pharmacists in patient education. Future research is suggested to involve a larger sample size and to further investigate metabolic syndrome in these patients.