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Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik
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Environmental Science

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The Antibacterial Activity Of Several Sponges From The Waters Of Tasik Ria Against Escherichia coli And Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Abrianto A. O. Rompis; Fitje Losung; Deiske A. Sumilat; Agung B. Windarto; Stenly Wullur; Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2019
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.7.1.2019.21435

Abstract

The sponge is one of the sea organisms that has a prospect as a source of natural compounds including peptides, steroids, asetogenin, terpenoids, alkaloids, cyclic halide and nitrogen. This research was directed to obtain several species of sponges from the waters of Tasik Ria as well as testing the antibacterial activity of extracts from some of the sponge against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. From the identification, seven species of sponges were found, which consists of: Amphimedon sp., Axinosa sp., Aaptos sp., Theonella sp., Cribochalina sp., Hyrtios sp., and Lendenfeldia sp. The tests of antibacterial activity of the extracts from these sponges against test bacteria E. coli and S. aureus showed some positive results. Extract from Axinosa sp. sponge(16 mm) showed the strongest antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli bacteria. Followed by Hyrtios sp. extract (13.5 mm), Aaptos sp. extract (13 mm), Lendenfeldia sp. extract (13 mm) and Cribochalinai sp. extract(10.5 mm). While the the tests on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria showed that the strongest antibacterial activity was found from Axinosa sp. sponge extract (16.5 mm), followed by the extract from Aaptos sp. (15 mm), Lendenfeldia sp. extract (14.5 mm), Hyrtios sp. extract(13.5 mm) and Cribochalina sp. extract (11 mm).Keywords: Sponge, antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Spons merupakan salah satu biota laut yang sangat prospektif sebagai sumber senyawa bahan-bahan alami antara lain peptide, terpenoid, steroid, asetogenin, alkaloid, halide siklik dan senyawa nitrogen. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mendapatkan beberapa spesies spons dari perairan Tasik Ria serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari beberapa ekstrak spons terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil identifikasi spons ditemukan sebanyak tujuh spesies yang terdiri dari: Amphimedon sp., Axinosa sp., Aaptos sp., Theonella sp., Hyrtios sp., Cribochalina sp. dan Lendenfeldia sp.. Aktivitas antibakteri dari beberapa ekstrak spons terhadap bakteri uji E. coli dan S. aureus terdapat diameter zona hambat bervariasi yaitu bakteri Escherichia coli menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak spons terkuat pada spons Axinosa sp (16 mm), disusul ekstrak spons Hyrtios sp. (13,5 mm), ekstrak spons Aaptos sp. (13 mm), ekstrak spons Lendenfeldia sp. (13 mm) dan ekstrak spons Cribochalinai sp. (10,5 mm).  Sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak spons terkuat yaitu:  ekstrak spons Axinosa sp. (16,5 mm), disusul ekstrak spons Aaptos sp. (15 mm), ekstrak spons Lendenfeldia sp. (14,5 mm), ekstrak spons Hyrtios sp. (13,5 mm) dan ekstrak spons Cribochalina sp.(11mm).Kata Kunci : Spons, Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Distribution of Coral Reefs Stone at the Reef Flat of South Coast Putus-Putus Island East Ratatotok, Ratatotok District Southeast Minahasa Regency Ariyanti Halidu; Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik; Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): EDISI JANUARI-JUNI 2016
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.4.1.2016.13229

Abstract

This research was conducted at the reef flat of south Putus-Putus Island, East Ratatotok, Ratatotok district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was done no data of coral distribution available in Putus-Putus Island. This research aimed to describe the distribution of corals in Putus-Putus Island. The benefit of the study was to provide information and contribution to coral reef management efforts in the region. Data was collected using transect-quadrat methodt. There were 3 sampling points determined, the inner reef flats, the middle reef flats, and the outer reef flat. Each depth was laid five 50 m–transects, and each transect had 10 1x1-quadrats. The distance between quadrats was 5 m. Any coral found in the quadrat was recorded on a data sheet and photographed using an underwater camera. The highest percent cover was recorded at the outer reef flat, 57.32%, followed by the middle reef flat, 39.08%, and the lowest was found in the inner reef flat, 11.38%. The most coral lifeform cover in Putus-Putus Island reef flat was Coral Massive, 42.98%. General condition of coral reefs was good at the outer reef flat, moderate at the middle reef flat, and poor at the inner reef flat, respectively. Hard coral diversity index (H’) value was 0.36 at the inner reef flat, 0.56 at the middle reef flat, and 0.51 at the outer reef flat. Eveness index was 0.52 at the inner reef flats, 0.59 at the middle reef flat and 0.60 at the outer reef flat, respectively. Dominance index was 0.61 at the inner reef flat, 0.43 at the middle reef flat, and 0.45 at the outer reef flat. The distribution pattern was clustered in all sampling points. Keyword : Distribution, Coral Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai selatan Pulau Putus-Putus Desa Ratatotok Timur Kecamatan Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada data distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Manfaat penelitian yaitu dapat menjadi sumber informasi dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Ratatotok di masa yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu kedalaman inner reef flat, middle reef flat dan outer reef flat. Pada setiap kedalaman diletakkan 5 transek ulangan, dengan panjang 50 meter, pada setiap transek diletakkan 10 buah kuadran berukuran 1x1 meter dengan jarak antar kuadran  adalah 5 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengancamera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada kedalaman outer reef flat yaitu sebesar 57,32 % diikuti dengan middle reef flat 39,08 % dan tutupan terendah pada kedalaman inner reef flat yaitu 11,38 %. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu yang paling banyak menutupi rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus adalah Coral massive sebesar 42,98%. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang pada kedalaman outer reef flat dikategorikan baik, kedalaman middle reef flat dikategorikan cukup dan kedalaan inner reef flat dikategorikan rusak/buruk. Dari hasil analisis, nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang batu di tiap kedalaman sebagai berikut: kedalaman inner reef flat (H' = 0,36), kedalaman middle reef flat (H' = 0,56) dan kedalaman outer reef flat (0,51). Hasil indeks kesamarataan untuk tiap kedalaman adalah kedalaman inner reef flat (e = 0,52), kedalaman middle reef flat (e = 0,59) dan outer reef flat (e = 0,60). Nilai indeks dominasi pada kedalaman inner reef flat tergolong dalam kriteria dominasi sedang 0,61 dan kedalaman middle reef flat dan outer reef flat dominasi rendah 0,43 – 0,45. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga kedalaman adalah mengelompok. 1Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Reef Fishes Colonization Rate Around Artificial Reef in Putus-putus Island, South-East Minahasa District Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik; Unstain N. W. J. Rembet; Adnan S. Wantasen
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): ISSUE JANUARY - JUNE 2017
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.5.1.2017.14969

Abstract

A comprehensive research effort was directed to increase the ecological role of Putus-Putus island coral reefs. This study was an implementation of artificial reef technology as fish colonization locality. The artificial reefs were made of 20x20x100 cm-concrete blocks placed in 6 levels and located at the depth of 8-10 m. Reef fish observations were done three times in two locations. Environmental parameters, such as temperature, salinity and visibility, were also measured. Environmental parameters (temperature, salinity a. Water temperature (29.65oC and 29.64oC) supported the coral growth as well. Salinity distribution  was not significantly different among the study sites.  This study also found 37 reef fish species belonging to 18 families. Number of species varied with observed time and localities. Total number of individuals increased with number of fish species. Mean number of individuals and species of reef fish in locality B were higher than those in locality A. Moreover, the reef fish colonization rate in the study site followed the model y = 4.3801e0.5249x with R2= 0.9297 in the strait and y = 5.0397e0.5493x  with R2= 0.9297 for the Bay. Keywords: Artificial reefs, reef fish. Abstrak Suatu upaya penelitian yang komprehensif diarahkan untuk peningkatan fungsi ekologi terumbu karang Pulau Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini berupa penerapan teknologi terumbu buatan sebagai tempat hunian ikan. Terumbu buatan terbuat dari balok cor beton berukuran 20x20x100 cm bersusun 6 dan ditempatkan pada kedalaman 8-10 m. Pengamatan ikan karang dilakukan 3 kali di 2 lokasi berbeda. Parameter lingkungan, seperti suhu, salinitas, dan kecerahan, juga diukur.    Hasil pengukuran yang diperoleh (29,65 oC dan 29,64 oC) termasuk suhu yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan karang. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan 37 spesies yang masuk dalam 18 famili ikan karang. Jumlah spesies yang ditemukan bervariasi pada setiap waktu dan lokasi pengamatan. Pengambilan spesies ikan karang dilakukan pada 2 lokasi dengan masing-masing lokasi dilakukan 3 kali pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh (tabel 03) dapat dilihat bahwa jumlah individu bertambah seiring dengan banyaknya jumlah spesies ikan karang yang didapat. Rata-rata jumlah individu dan jumlah spesies ikan karang pada lokasi B lebih banyak. Laju hunian ikan karang di lokasi penelitian mengikuti model y = 4.3801e0.5249x dengan R2= 0,9297 untuk lokasi Selat dan y = 5.0397e0.5493x  dengan R2= 0,9297 untuk lokasi Teluk. Kata kunci : Terumbu buatan, ikan karang
Distribution of Pocillopora verrucosa (Ellis dan Solander, 1786) at the Reef Flat of South Coast Putus-Putus Island East Ratatotok, Ratatotok District Southeast Minahasa Regency Jesika Haryati Nasaru; Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik; Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): ISSUE JANUARY - JUNE 2017
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.5.1.2017.15152

Abstract

This research was conducted at the reef flat of south Putus-Putus Island, East Ratatotok, Ratatotok district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The study aims to identify the distribution of P. verrucosa reefs in the reef flat area of Putus-Putus Island. This research is able to be utilized as an informations resource, and also able to contribute an effort in order to manage the coral reefs in the Ratatotok area in the near future. The sample is obtained with using simple random method, which collects the data randomly as the sample collecting system by drawing way or by using random number table. The random number table contains with some amount of numbers which is formed with coloumn and rows, and the drawing is done freely.  There was three point of study site determined, and geographical location of every site was noted, the north and east latitude. In every point of the site was put quadrant with 10 x 10 m, where every quadrant is divided into 100 quadrants with 1 x 1 m sized. The every 1 x 1m quadrant was made grid with 10 x 10m (100 grids for every quadrant). The percentage of the reef’s cover at the first station is (0,28%), the second station (1,4%). and the third station (1,41%). Based on the study’s result, the highest reef’s cover percentage is in the third station (1,41%) which is located further from the strait, whereas the lowest reef’s cover percentage is in the first station (0,28%) located near the strait. The distribution scheme of P.verrucosa from the three stations are grouping (Id> 1). There is no noticeable diffrences from the three location for the cover percentage, the diameter and the distribution scheme. The ANOVA test showed that the amount of the colony : Hhit (1.25) < Ftah (3.10) the H0 was accepted, where there was no noticeable differences from the amount of the colony in the three stations. The diameter : Fhit (1.40) < Ftab (3.10)  means H0 accepted, and there was no noticeable differences in the diameters. The percentage of the cover : where Fhit (0.71) < Ftab (3.10 ) means H0 accepted, and there was no noticeable differences in the diameters of the three stations. Keyword : Distribution, Coral P. verrucosa Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai selatan Pulau Putus-Putus Desa Ratatotok Timur Kecamatan Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi karang P.verrucosa di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui distribusi karang P.verrucosa di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Manfaat penelitian yaitu dapat menjadi sumber informasi dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Ratatotok di masa yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan acak sederhana. Pengambilan acak sederhana merupakan sistem pengambilan sampel secara acak dengan menggunakan undian atau tabel angka random  Tabel angka random merupakan tabel yang dibuat dan berisi angka-angka yang terdiri dari kolom dan baris, dan cara pemilihannya dilakukan secara bebas.  Pada lokasi penelitian ditentukan 3 titik pengambilan data, yang setiap titik dicatat posisi geografisnya, (lintang utara dan bujur timur). Pada setiap titik akan diletakan kuadran berukuran 10 x 10m, di mana pada masing masing kuadran tersebut dibagi menjadi 100 kuadran berukuran 1 x 1m. Pada setiap kuadran 1 x 1m dibuat grid berukuran  10 x 10 cm ( terdapat 100 grid setiap kuadran ). Persentase tutupan karang P. verrucosa Pada stasiun pertama (0,28 %), Stasiun kedua (1,4%), dan Stasiun ketiga (1,41%). Berdasarkan dari hasil yang di dapat bahwa persentasi tutupan karang tertinggi pada stasiun ke tiga yang jauh dari selat (1,41 %) sedangkan tutupan terendah yaitu stasiun pertama dekat dengan selat (0,28 %). Pola distribusi karang P. verrucosa pada ketiga stasiun adalah mengelompok (Id> 1). Pada ketiga stasiun ini tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata dalam hal Persentase tutupan, diameter dan pola distribusi. Dari uji ANOVA Jumlah koloni: dimana Fhit (1.25) < Ftab (3.10) artinya Ho diterima, bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata jumlah koloni pada ketiga stasiun tersebut. Jumlah Diameter: dimana Fhit (1) < Ftab (3.10) artinya Ho diterima, bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata dalam hal jumlah diameter. Jumlah Persentase tutupan: dimana Fhit (1.17) < Ftab (3.10 ) artinya Ho diterima,bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata jumlah diameter pada ketiga stasiun tersebut.
The Distribution of Favites abdita Coral Reef (Ellis and Solander, 1786) in the Land of Coral Coast Village of Malalayang Dua, Malalayang sub-district Manado Yusuf Suleman; Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik; Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): ISSUE JANUARY - JUNE 2017
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.5.1.2017.15154

Abstract

This study was conducted at Malalayang Dua waters (Sub-district Malalayang Dua, Manado City). The aim of study is: To know and to inform the coral of Favites abdita. The other aim was to describe the distribution of  Favites abdita. This research also will contribute for the management effort of coral reef in Malalayang Dua area, and also as information and literature in doing research at the same place in the future. Data collection was done by using simple random method with 1x1 meter quadrant. Every coral found was wrote at data sheet. The pictures of those coral was taken by using underwater camera. The highest percentage cover of  hard coral was found in station 3 (1.46%), while the lowest was wrote at station first (0.13%). The distributions patterns of hard coral were found in each stations are Clumped. There is no significant difference in number of colony, percentage cover and diameter for the three depths. Keyword : Distribution coral, Favites abdita Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai Kelurahan Malalayang Dua Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menginformasikan serta bagaimana mengkaji distribusi karang batu F. abdita. Manfaat penelitian yaitu Memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Pantai Malalayang Dua dan Sebagai bahan informasi dan pustaka serta acuan dalam melakukan penelitian pada tempat yang sama di waktu yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode acak sederhana dengan mengunakan kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu stasiun 1 stasiun 2 dan stasiun 3. Pada setiap stasiun diletakkan transek berukuran 10x10 meter sebanyak 30 kali ulangan mengunakan kuadran 1x1 meter dengan jarak setiap stasiun 100 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengan camera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada stasiun 3 yaitu sebesar 1,46 % dan tutupan terendah pada stasiun 1 yaitu 0,13 %. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga stasiun masing (mengelompok). Pada ketiga kedalaman ini tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara jumlah koloni, persentase tutupan dan panjang diameter.
Coral Fish Community of Chaetodontidae in the Coral Reef of Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency Unstain N. W. J. Rembet; Ari B. Rondonuwu; Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2018
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.6.2.2018.21246

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the number of species, number of individual, density, and the structure of community of Chaetodontidae. This research was conducted in the waters of Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Data collection was carried out at a depth of 5 meters with the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method with an observation area of 250 m2.  Chaetodontidae have been found on the coral reefs of Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, consisting of 3 (three) genera,  Chaetodon, Forcipiger, and Heniochus with 13 species and 51 number of individuals. The diversity of species in Poopoh is categorized as moderate. The highest density of coralivorous fish found in Chaetodon kleinii species is 360 individuals / Ha followed by Heniochus acuminatus which is 240 individuals / Ha. The diversity of Chaetodontidae in this location is high. This condition is also seen in the maximum index (Hmax) which is not far above the value of H '.Keywords: Coral reef, Chaetodontidae, Poopoh Village ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jumlah spesies, kelimpahan individu, densitas,  dan struktur komunitas ikan Chaetodontidae.  Penelitian ini dilakukan  di perairan Desa Poopoh, Kecamatan Tombariri, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.  Pengambilan data dilakukan pada kedalaman 5 meter dengan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan luas areal pengamatan adalah 250 m2.   Ikan karang Chaetodontidae  telah ditemukan di terumbu karang Desa Poopoh, Kecamatan Tombariri,  terdiri dari 3 (tiga) marga yaitu Chaetodon, Forcipiger, dan Heniochus dengan 13 spesies dan 51 individu. Keragaman spesies di Poopoh dikategorikan sedang. Densitas tertinggi ikan koralivora ditemukan pada jenis Chaetodon kleinii yaitu 360 individu/Ha diikuti Heniochus acuminatus yaitu 240 individu / Ha. Keanekaragaman spesies Chaetodontidae di lokasi ini tergolong tinggi. Kondisi ini terlihat juga pada indeks maksimum (Hmax) yang tidak berada jauh di atas nilai H ’.Kata Kunci: Terumbu karang, Chaetodontidae, Desa Poopoh, .
Co-Authors Abrianto A. O. Rompis Adnan S. Wantasen Agung B. Windarto Ari B. Rondonuwu Ariyanti Halidu Deiske A. Sumilat Fitje Losung Jesika Haryati Nasaru Stenly Wullur Unstain N. W. J. Rembet Unstain N. W. J. Rembet Yusuf Suleman