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All Journal Sari Pediatri Paediatrica Indonesiana Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan
Sidik Utoro
Unknown Affiliation
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Eradikasi Polio Hindra Irawan Satari; Laila Fitri Ibbibah; Sidik Utoro
Sari Pediatri Vol 18, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (BP-IDAI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/sp18.3.2016.245-50

Abstract

Poliomielitis atau yang lebih dikenal dengan polio merupakan penyakit menular yang dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan dan atrofi otot yang ireversibel, bahkan kematian pada anak. Sejak dilaporkan kejadian luar biasa (KLB) terjadi di Eropa pada abad ke-19, angka kejadian polio terus meningkat hingga menjadi andemi pada awal abad ke-20. Saat ini, gerakan inisiatif global yang dibentuk oleh WHO telah berhasil menurunkan angka insidensi polio sampai 80%, berkat pemberian vaksin yang didukung oleh program pemerintah dan sistem pengawasan yang baik. Namun, muncul masalah terkait pemberian vaksin, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), yaitu circulating vaccine derived polio viruses (cVDPVs) dan vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Untuk itu, American Academy of Pediatrics merekomendasikan pemberian inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) sebagai pengganti OPV. Rekomendasi tersebut tidak efektif apabila diterapkan di negara berkembang yang masih banyak terdapat infeksi polio liar, seperti Indonesia, karena perlindungan IPV tidak cukup kuat, tidak dapat menimbulkan herd immunity, dan harganya jauh lebih mahal. Pemberian OPV masih menjadi pilihan, dengan rekomendasi terbaru dari WHO yang mempertimbangkan pemberian bivalent (bOPV) karena trivalent (tOPV) dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian cVDPV akibat virus polio tipe-2 (VP2). Upaya eradikasi polio ditunjang Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)melalui Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan dengan target bebas polio pada tahun 2018.
Controlling polio outbreak due to imported wild poliovirus in Indonesia: A success story Sumarmo Poorwo Soedarmo; Sidik Utoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 4 (2009): July 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (479.42 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.4.2009.234-43

Abstract

Background As a WHO member state, Indonesia is committed toGlobal Polio Eradication. The last indigenous polio case was found in 1995. However, we faced a big challenge with the occurrence of polio outbreak, beginning with a polio case caused by imported wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 in Sukabumi in 2005. The virus was originated from Sudan and imported to Indonesia through Saudi Arabia. The outbreak ended with totally 305 cases throughout the country. The last one occurred on 20 February 2006 in Aceh Tenggara District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. In addition and separated from the WPV type 1 outbreak, in August 2005, four Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases with type 1 Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in stool samples were identified in Madura, East Java Province. The first case was on 9 June 2005 and ended with 45 cases in Madura and another case in Probolinggo District, East Jawa.Objective To report a success of controlling outbreak of importedWPV in Indonesia.Methods Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) and mopup immunization were conducted immediately. To completelystop the transmission, three rounds of National ImmunizationDays (NIDs) were conducted in 2005 (August, September, andNovember). Some more Supplementary Immunization Activities(SIAs) were conducted in 2006 (mop up in January, NIDs inFebruary and early April, mop ups in June and August 2006).For the VDPV outbreak, ORI of 18,880 children in 83 villagestook place during the first week of August, beside three roundsofNIDs in 2005.Results All activities resulted in satisfactorily coverage, whereeach round always exceeded 95%.Conclusions Those activities were conducted successfully andproven to be effective to stop the outbreak. Then again, Indonesia can be a polio free country in the coming years.
Laporan Kasus Epidemiologi Infeksi cVDPV2 Tahun 2023 di Jawa Barat, Indonesia: Surveilans dan Respons Wabah Utoro, Sidik; Rachmadi, Dedi; Oktorina, Lenny; Feriandi, Yudi
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

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Abstract

Polio eradication remains a global health concern within the World Health Organization (WHO) framework, with Indonesia as a committed member. On February 21, 2023, an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case was diagnosed and reported in a 4-year-old girl from a village in Purwakarta District, West Java. The paralysis began on February 16, 2023. The child had no travel history and had never received any polio vaccination. Laboratory analysis of fecal specimens from the case and two nearby children indicated local transmission, confirming the presence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). This was Indonesia's first confirmed cVDPV2 outbreak. This article aims to provide a detailed description and analysis of the efforts made by relevant stakeholders in Indonesia to address this outbreak. According to WHO and national guidelines, two rounds of Sub-National Immunization Days (sub-NIDs) were carried out across all districts in West Java, the affected province. These sub-NIDs reached a total population of 3,984,797 with the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), achieving coverage of 96.2% in the first round and 92.3% in the second. An Outbreak Response Assessment (OBRA) was conducted in July 2023 by a team of ten international, multi-institutional assessors. The assessment concluded that, although the response was appropriate, it was too early to declare the outbreak over, as fewer than six months had passed since the last confirmed cVDPV2 detection. A follow-up review showed no new cases and no additional rounds of response immunization were recommended. This experience highlights the importance of strong surveillance, risk-based immunization planning, and community-focused communication in preventing future outbreaks. Program managers are advised to prioritize localized risk assessments, ensure even vaccine distribution, and remain prepared for rapid response.
Co-Authors Dedi Rachmadi Hindra Irawan Satari Laila Fitri Ibbibah Oktorina, Lenny Sumarmo Poorwo Soedarmo Yudi Feriandi