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All Journal Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran (JURRIKE) International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Dentistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Comparative Analysis Of The Economic Burden Of Tuberculosis Patients With And Without HIV In Kupang City Krisandy Surya Wibawa; Ika Febianti Buntoro; Nimas Prita Rahajengningtyas Kusuma Wardani; Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 6 (2026): IJHET MARCH 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v4i6.596

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem that imposes a substantial economic burden, particularly among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) coinfection. This study aimed to analyze the differences in economic burden between TB patients with HIV and TB patients without HIV in Kupang City. This study employed an analytic observational design with a case–control approach. A total of 64 respondents were included, consisting of 34 TB–HIV patients as the case group and 34 TB patients without HIV as the control group, selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The economic burden analyzed included direct non-medical costs, indirect costs, and the occurrence of catastrophic costs. The results showed differences in the total economic burden between TB patients and TB–HIV patients in Kupang City. TB–HIV patients tended to bear a higher economic burden than TB patients without HIV. These differences were mainly driven by higher direct non-medical costs and indirect costs, particularly income loss, asset sales, and indebtedness during the treatment period. In addition, the proportion of patients experiencing catastrophic costs was higher in the TB–HIV group than in the TB group. The study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the total economic burden between the two groups. The median direct non-medical cost among TB–HIV patients was IDR 113,500.00, which was higher than that among TB patients without HIV (IDR 17,500.00; p < 0.001). The median indirect cost among TB–HIV patients was IDR 2,450,000.00, whereas it was IDR 0.00 among TB patients without HIV (p < 0.001). A total of 23.5% of TB–HIV patients experienced catastrophic costs, while none were observed among TB patients without HIV, with a significant association between HIV status and the occurrence of catastrophic costs (p < 0.003).
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Beras Putih (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Nevida Wiehelmina Fanggidae; Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat; Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah; Syahrir Syahrir
JURNAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU KEDOKTERAN Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Agustus: Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurrike.v5i2.8798

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems and is closely associated with the activity of Propionibacterium acnes. Long-term use of antibiotics may lead to bacterial resistance; therefore, alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural products are needed. White rice (Oryza sativa L.) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which potentially exhibit antibacterial activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of white rice against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design. The ethanol extract of white rice was prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method with extract concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. Clindamycin was used as a positive control, while sterile distilled water served as a negative control. The parameter observed was the diameter of the inhibition zone. Result: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of white rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity test showed that the ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by forming an inhibition zone, while at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% no inhibition zone was formed. The highest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concentration of 100%. The ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100% (7.65 mm), 50% (6.77 mm), and 25% (6.15 mm) was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and was classified as having moderate inhibition. In contrast, at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25%, the ethanol extract of white rice did not show any inhibitory activity detected in vitro using the disc diffusion method. The results of statistical analysis showed a p value <0.001, which means there was a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone between the treatment groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of white rice exhibits antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes in a concentration-dependent manner; however, its inhibitory effect remains lower than that of clindamycin.
Co-Authors Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat Ika Febianti Buntoro Krisandy Surya Wibawa Nevida Wiehelmina Fanggidae Nimas Prita Rahajengningtyas Kusuma Wardani Syahrir Syahrir