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All Journal Naditira Widya KALPATARU Amerta Berkala Arkeologi
Sukawati Susetyo, Sukawati
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Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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LATAR BELAKANG PEMILIHAN LOKASI PADANG LAWAS SEBAGAI SITUS PERCANDIAN Susetyo, Sukawati
Naditira Widya Vol 3, No 1 (2009): Naditira Widya Vol. 3 No.1
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v3i1.150

Abstract

Padang Lawas is a temple complex of 1.500 km square meter in width and consists of at least 20 biaro. Most of the temples lie in jurisdiction of Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan and others are in Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra. The general structures of Padang Lawas temples are of bricks, however, other components are sandstone. Sandstone is commonly found in Gunung Tua, which is assumed to be the resource of temple materials. Besides its proximity to raw materials, the site was chosen due to its geographical position close to Barumun and Pane River; such position accelerated communicaton with the outside world, for instance Barus, a well-known international port. This article discusses whether natural resources played significant role in choosing a prospective temple or settlement site.
Makara Pada Masa Śriwijaya Susetyo, Sukawati
KALPATARU Vol 23, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (814.33 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/kpt.v23i2.57

Abstract

Śrīwijaya merupakan salah satu kerajaan besar di Indonesia pada abad ke-7-12 M. Tinggalan bangunan suci dari masa Śrīwijaya tersebar di beberapa kawasan, yaitu Muara Jambi di Jambi, Muara Takus di Riau, Bumiayu di Sumatera Selatan, hingga beberapa kelompok bangunan suci Padang Lawas di Sumatera Utara. Makara merupakan salah satu unsur bangunan candi yang biasanya berpasangan dengan kala. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah ingin mengetahui ciri-ciri makara dari masa Śrīwijaya dengan cara membandingkannya dengan makara-makara dari candi masa Matarām Kuno. Dari hasil penelitian selama ini diketahui bahwa makara Śrīwijaya mempunyai ciri tersendiri, meskipun tidak menafikan adanya beberapa kesamaan dengan makara dari masa Matarām Kuno tersebut. Abstract. Makaras During the Śrīvijaya Period. Śrīvijaya was one of the big kingdoms in Indonesia in 7th - 12th Centuries CE. Remains of temples from the Śrīvijaya period are distributed in several areas, from Muara Jambi in Jambi, Muara Takus in Riau, Bumiayu in South Sumatera, up to the several temple complexes of Padang Lawas in North Sumatera. Makara is one element of the temple which is usually paired with kala. This paper will discuss Makaras from Śrīvijaya period that have specific characteristics compared to Makaras at the ancient Matarām, although there are also some similarities to those in Java.
Situs Kesuben: Suatu Bukti Peradaban Hindu-Buddha di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah. Susetyo, Sukawati
KALPATARU Vol 24, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6433.12 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/kpt.v24i2.37

Abstract

Sejarah kuno Indonesia mencatat bahwa masa sejarah tertua di Jawa Tengah adalah Kerajaan Matarām Kuno (abad ke-8-10). Pada waktu yang sama di pantai timur Sumatera terdapat Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Di lain pihak, berita Cina menginformasikan bahwa kerajaan di Jawa sudah ada pada abad ke-5, yaitu Ho-ling (She-po). Penelitian mutakhir di pesisir pantai utara Jawa Barat dan timur Sumatera memberikan bukti adanya hubungan antara Indonesia dengan bangsa asing berupa artefak-artefak dari luar negeri, meskipun tidak didukung oleh data prasasti. Hal tersebut memberikan petunjuk untuk mencari bukti awal hubungan dengan bangsa lain di daerah pesisir pantai. Penelitian di pesisir pantai utara Jawa Tengah ini dilakukan dengan survei, ekskavasi, dan wawancara mendalam, metode penulisan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Penelitian ini berhasil menambahkan data baru berupa temuan candi di Desa Kesuben, Kecamatan Lebaksiu, Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah.Temuan yang dihasilkan berupa struktur bangunan candi dari bata, antefiks-antefiks, dan arca batu. Hingga saat ini dari penelitian ini belum diketahui latar keagamaan Candi Kesuben karena belum ditemukan artefak yang mendukung. Abstract. The Indonesian Ancient History has recorded that the oldest historical period in Central Java was the period of the Ancient Matarām Kingdom (8th – 10th centuries CE). At the same period there was the kingdom of Srivijaya on the east coast of Sumatera. On the other hand, according to Chinese chronicles, there had been a kingdom in Java in 5th century CE, namely Ho-ling (She-po). Recent investigations along the north coast of West Java and the east coast of Sumatera have yielded evidences of relations between Indonesia and foreign countries in forms of imported artifacts, although this is not supported by inscriptions. This indicates that evidences of international relations have to be searched in coastal areas because it was where the relations began. The research on the north coast of Central Java was carried out in forms of survey, excavation, and thorough interviews, and the writing method is descriptive-comparative. This research has provided new evidence in form of a candi (temple) at Kesuben Village in Lebaksiu District, Tegal Regency, Central Java. The finds include structure of candi made of bricks, antefixes, and stone statues. Unfortunately we have not been able to identify the religious background of the Candi Kesuben (Kesuben Temple) because there has not been any artifact that can support the identification.
TINJAUAN ARSITEKTUR CANDI KEDULAN Susetyo, Sukawati
Naditira Widya No 16 (2006): Naditira Widya Nomor 16 Oktober 2006
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7065.354 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v0i16.381

Abstract

Administratively Kedulan Temple is located at the Kedulan hamlet, Ttrtomartani village, in the district of Kalasan, regensy of Sleman, Daerah lstimewa Yogyakarta. The date of the Kedulan Temple is known based on two inscriptions near the main temple, namely Panangaran and Sumundul temples (869 M). Both inscriptions were from the period of the reign of Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi. They mention the commennmoration of the building of a dam in Panangaran. The Kedulan Tempele is a Siva temple, as shwon by two Linggayoni, wich is a representation of the God Siva and his Sakti, inside the chamber, in the north, west, and south niches were the statues of Durga, Ganeca and Agastya. In tenns of its architecture (lay out and profile) the Kedulan Temple can be placed in the central Java period. It is interesting to note that there was a kala without a mandible. We know that thus far some experts are of the opinion that the kalas of the Central Jawa period are without mandibles. Furthennare, at the Kedulan Temple there is also a kala with East Javanese prototype, wich is having some kind of hams.
PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT JAWA TENTANG PERKAWINAN DARI MASA JAWA KUNA HINGGA KINI (BERDASARKAN KARYA SASTRA DAN RELIEF) Susetyo, Sukawati
AMERTA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2002)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

PENGARUH MAJAPAHIT PADA BANGUNAN PURI GEDE KABA-KABA, TABANAN Susetyo, Sukawati
AMERTA Vol. 34 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Abstract. Majapahit Influence on the Grand Palace of Kaba-Kaba, Tabanan. Majapahit, as a kingdom, had spread its influence to almost every part of Indonesia such as the western part of Sumatra and the eastern part of the Moluccas, even to our neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia, which were implemented in form of equal partnership (mitra satata). The archaeological remains from the Majapahit period that we can see include sacred and profane buildings, sculptures, reliefs, fragmented and intact potteries and ceramics, and literatures. They bear distinct characteristics, particularly in sacred buildings as well as the styles of reliefs and sculptures. Kaba-Kaba Palace is theremain of Kaba-Kaba Kingdom in Tabanan, Bali, whose king was originated from Majapahit. The aim of this research is to uncover the Majapahit influence on this palace. Furthermore, an attempt was also made to see whether it was built in accordance with Sanga Mandala, a concept used in the building of palaces. The method for this study was carried out by literature study and describing the building elements of the palace that have Majapahit influence, as well as interviewing some sources. The results show that the palace was built based on the sangamandala concept but it has experienced development to accommodate the needs of more recent period. The Majapahit influences on the Kaba-Kaba Palace are seen in the candi bentar (split gate), paduraksa (roofed gate), tantricstyle sculptures, the sculptures of tortoise and dragon, and figure with the face of a stranger. Keywords: Influence, Majapahit, the Grand Palace of Kaba-Kaba Abstrak. Majapahit sebagai kerajaan besar telah mengembangkan pengaruhnya meliputi hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia saat ini, yaitu daerah-daerah di Pulau Sumatra di bagian barat dan Maluku di bagian timur, bahkan pengaruhnya meluas sampai ke negara tetangga di Asia Tenggara yang dijalin dalam bentuk persahabatan yang setara (mitra satata). Tinggalan arkeologi dari masa Majapahit yang dapat kita temui adalah bangunan suci, arca-arca, relief, bangunan profan, fragmen/utuh gerabah dan keramik, dan karya-karya sastra. Tinggalan Majapahit tersebut mempunyai ciriciri khusus dalam bentuk arsitektur bangunan suci, gaya relief dan arca. Puri Kaba-Kaba merupakan tinggalan Kerajaan Kaba-Kaba di Tabanan, yang rajanya berasal dari Majapahit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apa saja pengaruh Majapahit yang ditemukan pada bangunan Puri ini. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui apakah pembangunan puri sesuai dengan konsep Sanga Mandala. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi pustaka, dan mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur bangunan Puri yang mendapat pengaruh dari Majapahit, juga melakukan wawancara terhadap narasumber. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pembangunan Puri menerapkan konsep Sanga Mandala, namun telah mengalami pengembangan sesuai kebutuhan. Pengaruh Majapahit yang ditemukan pada bangunan Puri Kaba Kaba antara lain adalah gapura candi bentar dan paduraksa, arca-arca bergaya tantris, arca kura-kura dan naga, serta arca tokoh berwajah orang asing. Kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Majapahit, Puri Gede Kaba-Kaba
PEMUKIMAN DI LINGKUNGAN BIARO (STUDI TERHADAP BIARO MANGALEDANG, PADANG LAWAS) (THE SETTLEMENT WITHIN THE BIARO AREA (A STUDY ON BIARO MANGALEDANG AT PADANG LAWAS)) Susetyo, Sukawati
AMERTA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Biaro Mangaledang merupakan salah satu bagian dari percandian Padang Lawas yang secara administrasi berada di Dusun Torna Tambang, Desa Mangaledang Godang, Kecamatan Portibi, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Sebagai sebuah bangunan pemujaan yang difungsikan pada sekitar abad ke 11-14 tentu saja ada yang mengelola bangunan tersebut yaitu merawat dan menggunakannya. Untuk itulah dalam tulisan ini dicoba mencari tahu apakah ada permukiman kuna di lingkungan biaro. Berdasarkan hasil test-pit di beberapa lokasi yang diduga sebagai tempat bermukim ditemukan indikasi adanya permukiman yang sejaman dengan Biaro Mangaledang berupa fragmen keramik Cina abad ke-10-14 M, yaitu dari masa Dinasti Song abad ke-10- 13 M serta Dinasti Yuan abad ke-13-14 M. Namun demikian karena lokasi temuan berada sangat dekat dengan Sungai Sirumambe (berjarak 50 meter) masih diragukan apakah artefak tersebut in-situ. Keraguan didasarkan pada lapisan tanah berupa hamparan kerakal menyerupai bekas sungai (lama?), yang menimbulkan dugaan bahwa artefak tersebut terbawa oleh banjir. Tulisan ini belum dapat menyimpulkan siapa yang bermukim di lokasi tersebut, hanya dapat memberikan gambaran bahwa permukiman kuno di sekitar Biaro Mangaledang memang ada. ABSTRACT. The Settlement within the Biaro Area (A Study on Biaro Mangaledang at Padang Lawas). Mangaledang biaro is a sanctuary building that was used in 11-14th century AD. The biaro was a part of Padang Lawas temples that is administratively located at Dusun Torna Tambang, Desa Mangaledang Godang. Kecamatan Portibi in South Tapanuli. In this paper, it would be analyzed the correlation between the ceramic- earthenwares found with the possibility of people living according to the test-pit in the vicinity of the biaro. The ceramics are known from Yuan and Song Dynasty from China in the same century era as the biaro, 10-13th AD and 13-14th AD respectively. Due to the fact that the location of artefacts found were near to the Sirumambe river, which is about 50 meters from the biaro, and the other facts which indicated of flood. This research it is still hard to conclude if there were people living around the biaro.
PERIODESASI CANDI SIMANGAMBAT: Tinjauan Terhadap Beberapa temuan ragam hias Candi Susetyo, Sukawati
AMERTA Vol. 29 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Abstrak. Candi Simangambat merupakan suatu candi yang terletak di bagian Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang kondisinya sudah runtuh. Beberapa artefak yang ditemukan baik dari hasil penggalian maupun yang sudah berada di permukaan tanah yaitu batu-batu berbentuk kala; makara; batu berelief guirlande, gapa, pilar dan motif kertas tempel; menunjukkan kemiripan dengan artefak dari candi-candi zaman Mataram Kuna. Berdasarkan hal itu maka diduga bahwa Candi Simangambat dibangun sezaman dengan candi-candi dari jaman Mataram Kuna. Kata kunci: Periodisasi Candi Simangambat, Ragam Hias Candi Abstract. Periodization of Simangambat Temple: A Review on Some Temple Ornaments. Simangambat Temple is the ruin of a temple which is located in the southern part of North Sumatra Province. Some artefacts found during ground surveys and excavations vary from kala-shaped stones, makara, guirlande reliefs, garia, pillars, and 'kertas tempel' motifs. These findings show similarities to the artefacts found in the temples from Old Mataram era; hence it can be concluded that Simangambat Temple might have been built in the same period as the temples of Old Mataram era. Keywords: Periodization of Simangambat Temple, temple ornamental
MAKARA OF ADAN-ADAN TEMPLE: THE ART STYLE DURING THE KAÁ¸IRI PERIOD: MAKARA CANDI ADAN-ADAN: GAYA SENI MASA KAÁ¸IRI Susetyo, Sukawati
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 40 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v40i1.514

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses the makara found at Adan-Adan Temple, Kediri. So far, it is the largest makara in Indonesia and, in terms of iconography, has distinctive features. The data was collected through detailed observations both directly in the field or through photographs. This study employed a comparative analysis, i.e. comparing the collected data to the makaras from different periods (the Ancient MatarÄm, the SrÄ«wijaya, and the SiÅ‹hasÄri). From these comparisons, it is known that the makara at Adan-Adan Temple has special characteristics, i.e. different depictions between the makara on the left and the right as can be seen from the figure of a mythical creature inside the makara’s mouth, from the sculpture on the front of the makara, and on the back of the makara. This particularity may be included as an art style of the Kaá¸iri period (the transitional period of from Ancient MatarÄm to SiÅ‹hasÄri). Abstrak Tulisan ini memaparkan tentang makara yang ditemukan pada waktu penelitian di Candi Adan-Adan, Kediri. Makara Candi Adan-Adan sejauh ini merupakan makara terbesar di Indonesia dan dari segi ikonografi mempunyai ciri yang khas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan ketika penelitian melalui pengamatan detil baik secara langsung atau melalui foto, kemudian mendeskripsikannya. Analisis dilakukan dengan studi komparasi yaitu membandingkan makara Candi Adan-Adan terhadap makara-makara dari masa yang berbeda, yaitu masa MatarÄm Kuno, masa ÅšrÄ«wijaya, dan masa SiÅ‹hasÄri. Melalui perbandingan tersebut diketahui bahwa makara Candi Adan-Adan mempunyai ciri-ciri khusus berupa pembedaan penggambaran yang dapat diamati antara makara di sebelah kiri dan kanan, pada figur makhluk mitos yang berada dalam mulut makara; pada pahatan di bagian depan makara; dan pada bentuk bagian belakang makara. Kekhasan ini kiranya dapat dimasukkan sebagai gaya seni masa Kaá¸iri (masa peralihan dari MatarÄm Kuno ke SiÅ‹hasÄri).
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