Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) di Sarolangun memicu krisis ekologis yang kompleks, seperti kontaminasi merkuri, kerusakan lanskap, dan dampak sosial-ekonomi. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak PETI sebagai pola kerusakan sistemik melalui perspektif ekoteologi Islam, penting untuk memahami hubungan antara degradasi lingkungan, tekanan ekonomi, dan kegagalan tata kelola, serta untuk kontribusi dalam studi ekoteologi, ekologi, dan kebijakan sumber daya alam. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif-analitis berbasis laporan lapangan, publikasi ilmiah, data lingkungan, dan studi literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terjadinya kontaminasi merkuri, konversi lahan yang merusak hidrologi, pergeseran mata pencaharian, kerentanan ekonomi, serta lemahnya tata kelola yang mereproduksi kerusakan secara berulang. Analisis dari perspektif ekoteologis, PETI beroperasi sebagai jaringan sosial-ekologis yang merusak lingkungan, mencerminkan kolaborasi antara tindakan sosial yang merugikan lingkungan dan ketidakmampuan sistem untuk mengelola dampak tersebut secara efektif, serta menciptakan disfungsi dalam praktik etis yang seharusnya menjaga keseimbangan antara manusia dan alam.Illegal gold mining (PETI) in Sarolangun has triggered an increasingly complex ecological crisis, particularly through mercury contamination, landscape degradation, and socio-economic transformation within local communities. This study aims to explain how PETI generates patterns of systemic destruction and to assess it from the perspective of Islamic ecotheology as an ethical framework for interpreting this phenomenon. This issue is urgent in order to uncover the relationship between environmental degradation, economic pressures, and governance failure, thereby contributing theoretical insight to studies of ecotheology, ecology, and natural resource policy. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on field reports, scientific publications, environmental data, and relevant literature. The findings reveal significant mercury contamination, land conversion that disrupts hydrology, shifts in livelihoods, economic vulnerability, and weak governance that perpetuates recurrent damage. From an ecotheological perspective, PETI operates as a socio-ecological network that destroys the environment and demonstrates ethical–moral dysfunction. The conclusion emphasizes the need for ecological policy integration, strengthening of local institutions, and internalization of ecotheological ethics to break the cycle of destruction. This study opens space for further research on governance design grounded in religious values and socio-ecological sustainability.