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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia (JPKim)
Nurfajriani Nurfajriani
Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Environmental Science

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The effect of methanol flow rate and repeated use on amberlyst catalyst characteristics in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) esterification reaction Dian Wardana; Eddiyanto Eddiyanto; Nurfajriani Nurfajriani; Saharman Gea
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia (JPKIM) Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jpkim.v15i2.43668

Abstract

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a waste from cooking oil which is rich in free fatty acids (FFA). The high FFA content in PFAD allows PFAD to be processed into a renewable and economically valuable energy source, namely biodiesel through an esterification process using methanol with the help of an amberlyst catalyst. This study aims to see how the effect of variations in flow rates on the conversion of PFAD to biodiesel which takes place in a continuous reactor and to see the effect of repeated use of catalysts at optimum conditions on the conversion rate. The results showed that the optimum conditions were obtained with a methanol flow rate of 2 ml/minute. The flow rate of methanol above 2 ml/minute actually inhibits the reaction process. The repeated use of the catalyst reduces the availability of active sites and increases the presence of impurities and reduces the thermal stability of the catalyst at high temperatures.Keywords: Amberlist; Biodiesel; Esterification; PFAD
Mechanical properties of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata) fiber reinforced composite with polyester matric Nurfajriani Nurfajriani; Ahmad Nasir Pulungan; Ajat Sudrajat; MS Manurung; Rahayu Rahayu
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jpkim.v16i2.56532

Abstract

Sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata) fibers and water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) fibers as natural fiber producers with good quality have good potential to be developed. This study aims to examine the production and characteristics of composites made from sansevieria fiber and water hyacinth fiber with a polyester matrix through the employment of the hand lay up method. This composite uses variations in the composition of the fiber mixture by soaking 5% NaOH for 2 hours at room temperature, for the resulting composite material. The resulting composite material is then subjected to a bending test to determine its mechanical properties, utilizing the ASTM D638 test standard. Based on the conducted research, the most favorable outcomes in terms of bending test results and modulus of elasticity are observed with a 10% incorporation of sansevieria fiber, yielding an average of 5.520 MPa for bending test and an elastic modulus of 7.444 MPa. Alternatively, when combining both fibers, the optimal mixture consists of 20% sansevieria fiber and 20% eceng gondok fiber, resulting in an average bending test value of 7.503 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 7.873 MPa.
Co-Authors Ahmad Nasir Pulungan Ajat Sudrajat Dian Wardana Eddiyanto Eddiyanto MS Manurung Rahayu Rahayu Saharman Gea