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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Applied Environmental Science Bulletin of Geology
Rima Rachmayani, Rima
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Other

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VARIABILITY OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN MAKASSAR STRAIT DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Hendrizan, Marfasran; Rachmayani, Rima; Napitupulu, Gandhi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.882

Abstract

Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which is part of the global thermohaline circulation, is known to play an important role in the heat exchange between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The flow of the ITF is highly complex, it depends on temperature and salinity. This study presents a proxy study from 25,000–18,000 years ago from two sites that are connected by the Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait. Oceanographic characteristics, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) were reconstructed and analyzed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. A 295 cm marine sediment core coded SO217-18522 (1°24.106'N; 119°04.781'E, water depth 978 m) and SO217-18519 (0°34.329'N; 118°06.859'E, water depth 1658 m) from the SONNE 217 research cruise in 2011 was used as research material. Oxygen isotope  analysis, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca geochemistry, and radiocarbon dating were used in this study. The SST reconstruction shows that the temperature during the LGM reach the minimum during ~20 ka BP and the SST value was significantly lower by ~2–3 °C compared to the Late Holocene value. The SST also shows significant cooler in marine sediment SO2017-8519 located in the southern site compared to the northern site. Salinity reconstructions during the LGM shows that SSS value was 0.82–1.13 psu higher than in the Holocene. The south–north gradients of SST and SSS in the Makassar Strait were larger over the 23.2–24.2 ka BP (SST gradient by 0.5–1 °C and SSS gradien by 1–1.7 psu) compared to the Late Holocene. The increase in SST and SSS gradients during the ~20 ka BP likely indicates a weakened intensity of the surface ITF relative to conditions during the Late Holocene.
Detecting soil salinity dynamics using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS for sustainability land management in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia Primadipta, Indira Wido; Saepuloh, Asep; Rachmayani, Rima; Ghazali, Mochamad Firman; Sahana, Muhammad Irham
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.123.7469

Abstract

Soil salinization occurs when salts accumulate in the soil, damaging its structure and reducing fertility. Currently, about 20% of cultivated land is affected by salinity, and it is estimated that this figure could rise to 50% by 2050 if no preventive actions are taken. In Indonesia, saline soils are predominantly found in coastal regions, where seawater intrusion and tidal flooding are common. Pekalongan, a coastal city in Central Java with shallow groundwater, is particularly susceptible to salinization, as evidenced by increased groundwater salinity affecting a total area of 23.03 km². This study utilized Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery to develop an enhanced soil salinity index for monitoring soil salinity dynamics in Pekalongan City from 2014 to 2024. Seven salinity indices were used to estimate soil salinity, and statistical analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) and salinity indices derived from satellite imagery. A tailored soil salinity index, termed the modified Vegetation Soil Salinity Index (mVSSI), was developed, achieving a strong correlation with field data (R² = 0.81). The analysis showed notable changes in non-saline soil areas, which expanded from 3.32 km² in 2014 to 9.64 km² in 2024, likely due to efforts to mitigate seawater intrusion and tidal flooding. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of soil salinity and offers a reliable tool for monitoring and managing salinity in coastal regions, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable land management.
Kesesuaian kondisi oseanografi dalam mendukung ekosistem terumbu karang di pantai mengiat, Nusa Dua Bali Rajabson, Muhammad Hafidh Soni; Rachmayani, Rima; Sarasvati, Putu Natalia
Applied Environmental Science Vol. 1 No. 1: (July) 2023
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.60

Abstract

Karang merupakan salah satu biota yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kualitas air laut, khusunya Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL). Parameter kualitas air laut meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, dan Dissolved Oxygen (DO) memiliki peran yang penting bagi biota laut. Kondisi kualitas air yang melebihi ambang batas yang dapat ditolerir oleh karang, diduga dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan maupun proses resiliensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi oseanografi dan kesesuaiannya dalam mendukung ekosistem terumbu karang di Perairan Nusa Dua. Pengukuran kualitas air secara in situ dilakukan pada 14 Juli 2022 di Sektor 5, Coral Garden, dan BTN yang merupakan area ekosistem terumbu karang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai sebaran SPL berkisar antara 27.5-28,1°C, salinitas berkisar 30 PSU; pH berkisar 8,01 - 8,18 satuan; DO berkisar 7.2 - 7,4 mg/L; kecerahan berkisar 1.75 – 1.82 m. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan kualitas air masih sesuai dengan baku mutu air laut khususnya bagi karang, sesuai yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia, kecuali untuk parameter salinitas dan suhu yang berada di bawah ambang batas minimum.
Karakteristik Hidrogeokimia dan Isotop Air Tanah di Pesisir Kota Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur Irsyadulhaq, Irsyadulhaq; Arifin, Arifin; Ramdhan, Agus Muhammad; Rachmayani, Rima; Iskandar, Irwan; Wijayanti, Kemala
Bulletin of Geology Vol 8 No 1 (2024): Bulletin of Geology Vol. 8 no. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian (FITB), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/bull.geol.2024.8.1.3

Abstract

Daerah studi meliputi wilayah pesisir Kota Balikpapan yang memiliki jumlah penduduk sekitar 733 ribu, dengan persentase pemanfaatan air tanah untuk keperluan domestik diperkirakan sebesar 70%. Sebagai kota penyangga bagi Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), diperkirakan akan terjadi peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Balikpapan pada masa yang akan datang yang dapat berdampak terhadap meningkatnya jumlah pemanfaatan air tanah dan perubahan kualitas air tanah. Studiini mengkaji karakteristik hidrogeokimia dan isotop air tanah, mengidentifikasi keberadaan dan penyebab fenomena intrusi air laut, serta merekonstruksi model konseptual hidrogeologi menggunakan data sampel air tanah, litologi, seismik, muka air tanah, dan pasangsurut air laut. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan nilai Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) air tanah berkisar antara 141 –11.023 mg/ldan pH sampel air tanah berkisar antara 4,49 hingga 9,29. Fasies air tanah terdiri dari mixed cation/HCO3-, Na+/Cl-, Na+/HCO3-,Ca2+/HCO3-,dan Na+/mixed anion. Komposisi isotop 18O dan 2H mengindikasikan evolusi kimia air tanah melalui proses evaporasi dan interaksi air tanah dengan batuan. Indikasi intrusi air laut ditemukan pada satu sampel air tanah (titik M-2.1) pada akuifer di kedalaman 30 –33 m. Intrusi air laut tersebut diperkirakan terjadi secaraalamiah. Perhitungan rasio pencampuran menunjukkan komposisi air tanah tawar sekitar 60% dan air laut sebesar 40%. Adapun model konseptual hidrogeologi di daerah studimenunjukkan perselingan batupasir dan batulempung atau perselingan akuifer dengan akuitar, dimana akuifer pada kedalaman 30 hingga 33 m di titik M-2.1 diinterpretasi terhubung dengan laut. Kata kunci: air tanah, Balikpapan, hidrogeokimia, isotop, intrusi air laut
THERMOCLINE WATER TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AT THE INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW PATHWAYS DURING LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM (LGM) Rachmayani, Rima; Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Hendrizan, Marfasran
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.937

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the strength of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in comparison to the Pre-Industrial (PI) at the Makassar Strait, the Molucca Sea, and the Banda Sea, representing the pathways of the ITF. The analysis was performed based on the temperature distribution of the south (S) and north (N) thermocline gradients. Temperature data were obtained from the simulation of the Climate Community System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The depth of the thermocline layer during the LGM and the PI period exhibits seasonal variability across the S-N stations. At Station 1, 2, and 3, the thermocline depth during the LGM ranges from 49 - 218 m (51 - 251 m), 55 - 250 m (69 - 254 m), and 48 - 238 m (48 - 218 m) in the south (north), respectively. The analysis of seasonal temperature variations in the thermocline layer in the three locations indicates that the ITF was significantly weakened both during the LGM and PI, indicated by the negative S-N Thermocline Water Temperature (TWT) gradient. The result suggests the southern part of each station is predominantly fresher compared to the northern part during these times. Additionally, it implies that the ITF is more robust in the eastern region (Banda Sea) during the LGM compared to the PI. This variation may relate to the intensity of seasonal local winds, mixing processes, and the remote influence of El Niño-like events, which could affect water transport along the pathway of the ITF.
STUDY OF HEAVY METAL LEAD (PB) IN THE NORTHERN WATERS OF BELITUNG REGENCY Fathona, Salsabila; Rachmayani, Rima; Nurhidayati, Ayu Utami; Utami, Dwi Amanda
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.860

Abstract

Belitung Regency has significant tin potential, spread across the land, rivers, and beaches which have been mined for hundreds of years. However, tin mining activities are indicated to be a source of pollution in the northern region of Belitung Regency. This study aims to determine the distribution of the lead (Pb) concentrations in sediments and water columns in the northern waters of Belitung Regency and to evaluate the seasonal effect, particularly ocean currents, on the distribution patterns. In situ data were collected during the westerly season, including sediment samples, water column samples, and oceanographic parameters such as seawater quality and current measurements. During the easterly season, only sediment samples were obtained. Pb concentrations in sediments and water samples were analyzed at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) laboratory using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results showed that Pb concentrations in sediment samples ranged from 10.08 to 50.08 mg/kg during the easterly season, and from 10.96 to 60.72 mg/kg during the westerly season. In the water column, Pb concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.05 mg/L during the westerly season. The distribution pattern of Pb in sediments in the easterly season tended to spread offshore, while in the westerly season it is accumulated in the river. These patterns are influenced by seasonal flow variations, geographical location, and sediment grain size. Pb concentrations in sediments are higher in the westerly season compared to the easterly season. This is likely due to increased erosion and surface runoff during the rainy season, which leads to greater deposition of heavy metals in marine sediments.
STUDY OF HEAVY METAL LEAD (PB) CONTENT IN THE CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENT OF PANJANG ISLAND, BANTEN Fauzan, Ahmad Al; Utami, Dwi Amanda; Rachmayani, Rima; Nurhidayati, Ayu Utami
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.1.2024.862

Abstract

Rapid industrial expansion in Banten has triggered a surge in pollution, impacting areas like Panjang Island in Banten Bay. Pollution on Panjang Island stems primarily from industrial operations and shipping activities. This study investigates the distribution of lead (Pb) metal concentrations in Panjang Island's coral reef environment, focusing on sediment and surface water. It also examines how seasonal variations, influenced by ocean currents, affect Pb concentration distribution. Data were gathered using purposive sampling, collecting sediment samples, surface water samples, and oceanographic data. Pb levels in both sediments and surface water underwent analysis at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) laboratory, employing atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our findings indicate that during the transitional II season, Pb concentrations in sediment ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/kg, while the westerly season showed Pb concentrations spanning 3.8 to 23.4 mg/kg. Surface water during these seasons exhibited Pb concentrations varying from 0 to 0.03 mg/l. Notably, at several monitoring stations, surface water Pb concentrations exceeded the threshold set by Regulation No. 22 of 2021, suggesting potential harm to the coral reef ecosystem surrounding Panjang Island. Elevated Pb concentrations were observed during the transitional II season in the island's western part and the westerly season in the eastern part. These disparities appear to be influenced by the direction of ocean currents, highlighting their role in shaping Pb distribution in Panjang Island's waters.
Co-Authors Arifin Arifin Asep Saepuloh Fathona, Salsabila Fauzan, Ahmad Al Ghazali, Mochamad Firman Irsyadulhaq, Irsyadulhaq Irwan Irwan Kemala Wijayanti, Kemala Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia Marfasran Hendrizan Napitupulu, Gandhi Nurhidayati, Ayu Utami Primadipta, Indira Wido Rajabson, Muhammad Hafidh Soni Ramdhan, Agus Muhammad Sahana, Muhammad Irham Sarasvati, Putu Natalia Utami, Dwi Amanda