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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah
Triyanna Widyaningtyas, Triyanna
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Computer Science & IT

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Ensemble semi-supervised learning in facial expression recognition Purnawansyah, Purnawansyah; Adnan, Adam; Darwis, Herdianti; Wibawa, Aji Prasetya; Widyaningtyas, Triyanna; Haviluddin, Haviluddin
International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics Vol 11, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/ijain.v11i1.1880

Abstract

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) plays a crucial role in human-computer interaction, yet improving its accuracy remains a significant challenge. This study aims to enhance the robustness and effectiveness of FER systems by integrating multiple machine learning techniques within a semi-supervised learning framework. The primary objective is to develop a more effective ensemble model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), and Random Forest classifiers, utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data. The research implements data augmentation and feature extraction techniques, utilizing advanced architectures such as VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 to improve the quality and representation of facial expression data. Evaluations were conducted across three dataset scenarios: original, feature-extracted, and augmented, using various label-to-unlabeled ratios. The results indicate that the ensemble model achieved a notable accuracy improvement of 87% on the augmented dataset compared to individual classifiers and other ensemble methods, demonstrating superior performance in handling occlusions and diverse data conditions. However, several limitations exist. The study’s reliance on the JAFFE dataset may restrict its generalizability, as it may not cover the full range of facial expressions encountered in real-world scenarios. Additionally, the effect of label-to-unlabeled ratios on the model's performance requires further exploration. Computational efficiency and training time were also not evaluated, which are critical considerations for practical implementation. For future research, it is recommended to employ cross-validation methods for more robust performance evaluation, explore additional data augmentation techniques, optimize ensemble configurations, and address the computational efficiency of the model to better advance FER technologies.
Comparative Study of Herbal Leaves Classification using Hybrid of GLCM-SVM and GLCM-CNN Purnawansyah, Purnawansyah; Wibawa, Aji Prasetya; Widyaningtyas, Triyanna; Haviluddin, Haviluddin; Hasihi, Cholisah Erman; Teng, Ming Foey; Darwis, Herdianti
ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol 15, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Informatika FIK Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/ilkom.v15i2.1759.382-389

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country with a diverse range of plants that ancient people used for traditional medicines. However, the similarity in shape of the leaves became an obstacle to distinguishing them. Therefore, technological advancements are expected to help identify the herbal leaves to use them right on target according to their efficacy. In this research, image classification of katuk (Sauropus Androgynus) and kelor (Moringa Oleifera) leaves is applied using 3 different algorithms i.e hybrid of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature extraction and Support Vector Machine (SVM) implementing 4 kernels namely linear, RBF, polynomial, and sigmoid; hybrid of GLCM and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); and pure CNN. A dataset of 480 images has been collected with 2 different scenarios, including bright and dark intensities. Based on the result, a hybrid of GLCM and SVM showed the highest accuracy of 96% in the dark intensity test using a linear kernel, while sigmoid obtained the lowest accuracy of 35%. On the other hand, it has been discovered that CNN obtained the highest performance in the bright intensity test with an accuracy of 98%. While in the dark intensity test, a hybrid of GLCM and CNN is superior, obtaining 96% accuracy. In conclusion, CNN is more powerful for image classification with bright intensity. For dark intensity images, both the hybrid of GLCM+SVM (linear) and the hybrid of GLCM+CNN are fairly recommended.
Co-Authors Adnan, Adam Aji Prasetya Wibawa Darwis, Herdianti Didik Dwi Prasetya Fatrisna Salsabila, Reni Hasihi, Cholisah Erman Haviluddin Haviluddin Hirashima, Tsukasa Ming Foey Teng, Ming Foey Purnawansyah Purnawansyah