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All Journal Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Kenanga : Journal of Biological sciences and Applied Biology Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Elham Sumarga

School Of Life Sciences And Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Author-ID : 642415

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Public Health

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WOOD EXTRACTION RISK IN RUVU NORTH FOREST RESERVE TANZANIA Sumarga, Elham
MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE Vol 10, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Informasi Geospasial

Deforestation and forest degradation have been occurring rapidly in Ruvu North Forest Reserve (RNFR), Tanzania. The main cause of deforestation in this area is tree biomass (wood) extraction for charcoal and fuel wood. The objective of this study is to produce the md extraction risk map of RNFR reflecting the spatial distribution of the risk. The wood extraction risk map of RNFR was generated by combining and weighting four input maps: biomass risk map, distance risk map, accessibility risk map and slope risk map. Respectively, 34% and 45%o areas of RNFR have high and medium wood extraction risk. It means that wood extraction activities potentially will be continuous in the most parts of RNFR area.Keywords : Wood extraction risk, wood extraction risk map, spatial modeling, Ruvu North Forest Reserve.Â ABSTRAKDeforestasi dan kerusakan hutan telah berlangsung secara cepat di di Ruvu North Forest Reserve (RNFR),Tanzania. Penyebab utama deforestasi di kawasan tersebut adalah pngambilan biomas pohon (penebangan) untuk pembuatan arang dan kayu bakar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat peta kerawanan penebangan pohon di RNFR yang menggambarkan distribusi spasial dari tingkat kerawanan tersebut. Peta kerawanan penebangan pohon ini dibuat dengan mengkombinasikan empat peta input, yaitu peta kerawanan berdasarkan potensi pohon (biomas), peta kerawanan berdasarkan jarak, peta kerawanan berdasarkan akesisbilitas dan peta kerawanan berdasarkan kondisi topografi. Penggabungan keempat peta input tersebut disertai dengan pembobotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara berurutan 34% dan 45% areal dl RNFR memiliki tingkat kerawanan penebangan pohon yang tinggi dan sedang. Hal ini berarti bahwa kegiatan penebangan pohon berpotensi untuk terus terjadi di masa masa yang akan datang di sebagian besar areal di RNFR.Kata kunci: Tingkat kerawanan penebangan pohon, peta kerawanan penebangan pohon, spatial modeling, Ruvu North Forest Reserve.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TREE BIOMASS IN RUVU NORTH FOREST RESERVE TANZANIA Sumarga, Elham
MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE Vol 10, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Informasi Geospasial

Deforestation has been occurring rapidly in Ruvu North Forest Reserve (RNFR). The main cause of the deforestation is the tree biomass (wood) extraction for charcoal and fuelwood. The objectives of this study were to assess tree biomass, to measure the relationship between tree biomass and same remote sensing data, and to create tree biomass map of RNFR. Stratified sampling was applied as sampling method to get field data (tree DBH). Tree biomass was assessed by using allometric equation of Brown (1997). Furthermore, the relationship between tree biomass and some remote sensing data, such as vegetation indices and forest canopy density, was measured. Finally, tree biomass data were extrapolated based on the vegetation types to produce tree biomass map of RNFR. The estimated values of total tree biomass in RNFR range from 680,190.785 ton to 737,110.53 ton with average values ranging from 35.239 ton/ha to 38.188 ton/ha. Woodland has the highest tree biomass (26.34 ton/ha) while shrubland has the lowest one (8.71 ton/ha). Tree biomass in RNFR has a weak relationship with NDVI and TNDVI of SPOT image 2003, with correlation coefficient of -0.07 and -0.1. Tree biomass and forest canopy density of Landsat ETM image 2000 have a stronger relationship, with correlation coefficient of 0.58.ABSTRAKDeforestasi telah berlangsung secara cepat di Ruvu North Forest Reserve (RNFR). Penyebab utama deforestasi ini adalah pengambilan biomas pohon (penebangan) untuk pembuatan arang dan kayu bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung biomas pohon, mengetahui korelasi antara biomas pohon dan beberapa data remote sensing serta membuat peta biomas pohon di RNFR. Metode sampling yang digunakan untuk mengambil data lapangan (diameter pohon) adalah stratified sampling. Biomas pohon ditentukan dengan menggunakan persamaan allometric dari Brown (1997). Selanjutnya dihitung koefisien korelasi antara biomas pohon dan vegetation indices dari SPOT 2003 serta forest canopy density dari Landsat ETM 2000. Data biomas pohon selanjutnya diekstrapolasi berdasarkan tipe vegetasi untuk membuat peta biomass pohon di RNFR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai total biomas pohon di RNFR berkisar antara 680.190,785 ton sampai 737.110,53 ton dengan nilai rata-rata antara 35,239 ton/ha sampai 38,188 ton/ha. Woodland memilki biomas pohon tertinggi (26,34 ton/ha), sedangkan shrubland memiliki biomas pohon terendah (8,71 ton/ha). Biomas pohon memiliki korelasi yang lemah dengan NDVI dan TNDVI dari SPOT 2003 dengan koefisien korelasi -0,07 dan -0,1, namun memiliki korelasi yang lebih kuat dengan forest canopy density dari Landsat ETM 2000 dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,58.Keywords: Tree Biomass, Biomass Map, Remote Sensing, Ruvu North Forest ReserveKata Kunci: Biomas Pohon, Peta Biomas, Penginderaan Jauh, Ruvu North Forest Reserve

Risk Assesment and Management Recommendations of Invasive Species in Papandayan Mountain Nature Reserve, West Java Anggi Sella Nyuanti; Rina Ratnasih Irwanto; Elham Sumarga
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2020.2.2.5

Natural disasters and anthropogenic disturbances have caused several locations in the Papandayan Mountain Nature Reserve to be more vulnerable and exposed further triggering the presence of invasive species. This presence impacts the environment, the economy, and the health of humans and animals. This research aims to assess the risks of these invasive species, followed by various recommendation strategies towards their species management. Data on species diversity was collected by vegetation analysis, using the quadratic method by purposively sampling plots. Results showed the existence of six invasive species in Papandayan i.e. Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob., Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.,Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Rubus moluccanus L., and Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.. The assessment of invasive species was assessed through two indices; Risk Index and Feasibility Index. Each of them was calculated based on the Risk Assessment Protocol to determine their strategy of control. Based on the Risk and Feasibility Indices, several recommendation strategies to manage invasive species are proposed.

Estimation of Minimum Viable Population of Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821) in Support of Wildlife Management in Ir. H. Djuanda Grand Forest Park Hatta Vrazila; Elham Sumarga; Hikmat Ramdan
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.1.2

Most long-tailed macaques (LTMs) in Southeast Asia are commensal animals, which means they can coexist and benefit from humans. This interaction potentially triggers disturbance and disease transmission caused by LTMs, for instance, in Ir. Djuanda Grand Forest Park (GFP). A previous study indicates an overpopulation of LTMs in this area. The need for population control of this macaque requires appropriate ecological considerations, including determining the minimum viable population (MVP). This study aims to estimate the MVP of LTMs in Ir. Djuanda GFP area is the key input for its population control scheme. The MVP is determined based on population growth simulation using the Lefkovitch matrix. In combination with the estimate of population growth, the MVP was used to formulate the population control scheme of LTMs, by considering the current wildlife management regulations and the perception of Ir. Djuanda GFP area manager obtained through interviews. This study found six groups of LTMs in Ir. Djuanda GFP with a total population of 229 individuals, a sex ratio of 1:1.05, an age class ratio of infants, juveniles, sub-adults, and adults of 16.6%:25.7%:32,3%:25.3%, and a population growth rate of 19.7%/year. The estimate of MVP of this primate is 230 individuals, with an average group size of 38 individuals and an age class ratio of infants, juveniles, sub-adults, and adults 30%:9.1%:27.4%:23.5%. Based on wildlife management regulations and area manager perceptions, population control schemes can be implemented for relocation and captive purposes. The population control scheme consists of an age-class control scheme and a group control scheme. The age-class control scheme controls the population by 334 individuals, while the colony control scheme controls 406 individuals.

Feasibility of Local Commodities on Peatlands Resti Salmayenti; Muhammad Sugihartono; Elham Sumarga; Fauziah Nur; Aan Aryanti Sandra
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): June
Publisher : Research Centre of Inorganic Materials and Complexs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2022.6.2.67-75

Indonesian peat ecosystem, generally managed for protection and cultivation functions, contributes to providing economic benefits to the local community through agricultural practices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of local commodity agriculture (coffee, areca, coconut, and pineapple) on peatland from social, ecological, and economic perspectives using descriptive and quantitative approaches in Mendahara-Batanghari, Jambi. Data was collected from interviews of 60 farmers in two villages with three types of farms, including monoculture and polyculture of commodities. The results of this study showed that socially, farmers still have difficulty with access and infrastructures. Coconut, areca, and coffee are popular among the smallholders because of land suitability, low maintenance, and high selling price. From an ecological perspective, intercropping on polyculture farms is able to store more carbon with a high density of biomass than on monoculture farms. Generally, the carbon emissions of local commodity farms are lower than other types of plantations, such as oil palm and rubber plantations. Lastly, from an economic perspective, local commodity farming in the study area is feasible based on analyses of net present value, benefit cost ratio, and internal rate of return. Polyculture farms provide higher benefits compared to monoculture land. The income is considered sufficient for standard living needs, and there is potential to increase the revenue by developing and optimising processing product industries.

Analisis Kesehatan Mangrove di Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk, Jakarta Utara Puteri Raysa Azzahra; Elham Sumarga; Arni Sholihah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 20, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v20i1.571

Indonesia memiliki luasan ekosistem mangrove terluas di dunia. Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi, peran dan manfaat penting bagi kawasan daratan dan lautan. Optimalisasi dari fungsi-fungsi ekosistem mangrove bergantung pada kondisi kesehatan mangrove. Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (TWAAK) merupakan kawasan taman wisata alam yang berfokus pada ekowisata dan konservasi ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian kesehatan mangrove berdasarkan Indeks Kesehatan Mangrove/Mangrove Health Index (MHI) dan struktur tegakan mangrove dilakukan di TWAAK. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan plot secara purposive sampling yaitu penentuan plot berdasarkan kriteria tutupan kanopi rapat, sedang, dan jarang yang di analisis menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Plot diambil sebanyak tiga puluh plot yang terdiri dari dua belas plot jarang, sebelas plot sedang, dan tujuh plot rapat. Nilai MHI merupakan kombinasi dari skor persentase tutupan kanopi, DBH dan jumlah pancang. Sedangkan struktur tegakan mangrove ditentukan berdasarkan parameter persentase tutupan kanopi, tinggi tegakan, DBH dan jumlah tegakan. Kesehatan mangrove di TWAAK berdasarkan MHI untuk kelas kerapatan jarang dan sedang masuk kategori sedang/moderate serta kelas kerapatan rapat masuk kategori sehat/healthy. Berdasarkan struktur tegakan, kesehatan mangrove di TWAAK untuk kelas kerapatan jarang masuk kategori sedang/cukup baik/fair serta kelas kerapatan sedang dan rapat masuk kategori baik/good.

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia Fahmi Idris Firdaus; Rina Ratnasih Irwanto; Elham Sumarga
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.76498

The habitat of Javan deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) faced natural changes, particularly due to the succession process of vegetation community in grazing areas, and inadequate infrastructures that affected the deer to roam outside PNR. This study aimed to formulate strategies for the conservation of Javan deer in PNR, focusing on ecological aspects and conservation management. The methods were encountering Javan deer individuals; scan sampling and continuous recording to observe the behaviour of Javan deer; calculating the productivity of grazing area by defoliation experiment and vegetation analysis; reviewing documents, reports and interviews; and analysing strategy using SWOT-QSPM. Results showed there were 43 Javan deer encountered roaming in PNR and outside the conservation area, and nine individuals gathered in Cikamal grassland. The productivity of the grazing areas (5.61 ha) was 93,826 kg of feed annually and was only sufficient for 23 individuals. The grazing areas were dominated by Cynodon dactylon. Javan deer spent their time feeding. Javan deer herd in Cikamal is more intolerant to humans compared to the herd in Pangandaran Nature Tourist Park (PNTP). This study recommends: considering the management status of Javan deer in the conservation management of PNR and PNTP; improving the conservation management of Javan deer and its habitat; improving facilities and the management system of those facilities and conservation-supporting infrastructures; collaboration with researchers to perform some research and innovations for Javan deer conservation; improving the capability of PNR staff theoretically and practically; and educating and empowering the local people in terms of Javan deer conservation.

ANALISIS KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN PULAU TUNDA, PROVINSI BANTEN Putri Risa Fatmawati; Devi Nandita Choesin; Elham Sumarga
KENANGA : Journal of Biological Sciences and Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/kenanga.v5i2.8470

Coral reefs are vital coastal ecosystems that provide significant ecological and economic functions, supporting the sustainability of ecosystem services in coastal areas and small islands. The coral reef ecosystem on Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten Province, is currently experiencing degradation due to pressures from anthropogenic activities, such as destructive fishing practices, industrial operations, and tourism intensification, all of which potentially disrupt the marine ecosystem’s balance. This study aims to analyze the condition of coral reefs in Tunda Island by assessing substrate cover percentage, life form composition, and community structure. Data were collected using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method at four stations at depths of 4 m and 8 m. Transect photos were analyzed using CPCe software, while community structure was assessed using diversity (H’), dominance (D), and evenness (E) indices. Results showed that the average live coral cover was only 16.92%, categorized as poor. Life form composition was dominated by Non-Acropora corals, particularly massive, branching, and foliose types. Community structure analysis indicated moderate diversity (H’ = 2.29), low dominance (D = 0.17), and high evenness (E = 0.7), suggesting a relatively stable community despite low coral cover. Keywords: coral reef; community structure; Tunda Island

Mapping Aboveground Carbon in Rehabilitated Mangrove: Evaluating the Performance of Regression Modelling with Satellite-Derived Vegetation Indices and Kriging Interpolation Sumarga, Elham; Syamsudin, Tati Suryati; Sarah, Sarah; Qalbi, Mutiara Putri; Tansy, Belinda Calista; Basyuni, Mohammad; Larekeng, Siti Halimah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.311

Mangroves are vital ecosystems in combating climate change, primarily through their exceptional capacity for carbon sequestration and long-term storage. To effectively manage and conserve these valuable resources, accurate carbon stock mapping is crucial. Given the inherent variability of mangrove biophysical characteristics, selecting appropriate mapping methodologies is essential. This study aimed to evaluate two distinct approaches: regression modeling using satellite-derived vegetation indices and kriging interpolation, within the Angke Kapuk mangrove area of Jakarta. Regression models were constructed utilizing forest canopy density (FCD) and its constituent indices (derived from Landsat 8), alongside normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), advanced vegetation index (AVI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) from Sentinel 2A, as predictor variables. Field-based carbon stock data, obtained from 50 square plots (10 m × 10 m) using established allometric models, served as the response variable. The study revealed substantial heterogeneity in carbon storage, ranging from 34.76 to 236.87 tons/ha, with a mean of 135.31 tons/ha and a standard deviation of 50.09 tons/ha. Regression modelling, however, demonstrated limited predictive power, achieving a maximum R² value of only 0.03, indicating a poor fit between the predictor variables and observed carbon stocks. Kriging interpolation yielded moderate accuracy, as evidenced by a coefficient of variation of root mean square error (CV RMSE) of 0.39. This disparity in performance can be attributed to several factors, including the homogeneity of the rehabilitated mangrove canopy, which limited the ability of vegetation indices to accurately represent carbon stock variations. Furthermore, kriging's capacity to model spatial autocorrelation proved advantageous in this context. Based on these findings, this paper discusses the influence of mangrove characteristics on modelling performance and provides practical recommendations for area managers regarding future carbon stock mapping initiatives.

Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area’s buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia Elham Sumarga; Ichsan Suwandhi; Hairatunnisa HAIRATUNNISA; Dwi Susilowardani; Adenna Yuska Nurrahman; Ashma Sadida
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221150

Abstract. Sumarga E, Swandhi I, Hairatunnisa, Susilowardani D, Nurrahman AY, Sadida A. 2021. Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area’s buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5115-5122. The harmony between ecosystems and people, particularly those who live around and inside protected areas, is a key factor for the success of ecosystem protection. This subsequently will ensure the maintenance of ecosystem capacity in providing different types of services. Unfortunately, human activities are still commonly linked to different types of disturbances inside protected areas. This study aims to spatially analyze the anthropogenic disturbances inside a protected area, with a case study in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area, Indonesia. Two types of disturbances, which can be directly and indirectly related to human intervention, are analyzed, i.e., fires and encroachment for agricultural purposes. This study used Maximum Enthropy (MaxEnt) to analyze the risk of forest fire, while the encroachment was analyzed based on a combination of satellite image interpretation and direct field observation. Fire risk modeling performed well with a mean AUC of 0.98, estimating high fire risk (fire probability more than 0.5) distributed in about 109 ha area inside the Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area. This study also identified about 428 ha of forest encroachment inside the protected area. This study further used the spatial information of the disturbances to determine the priority for selecting and designing areas for buffer zone development.

Co-Authors Aan Aryanti Sandra Adenna Yuska Nurrahman ALINA SIMOKAR ANESHA ALLASSELCIDA Anggi Sella Nyuanti ARNI SHOLIHAH Arni Sholihah Ashma Sadida DEVI N. CHOESIN Devi Nandita Choesin Devi Nandita Choesin Dwi Susilowardani Fahmi Idris Firdaus Fauziah Nur Hairatunnisa HAIRATUNNISA Hatta Vrazila Hikmat Ramdan Ichsan Suwandhi JOHN D. KALOR Mohammad Basyuni Muhammad Sugihartono PUTERI RAYSA AZZAHRA Puteri Raysa Azzahra Putri Risa Fatmawati Qalbi, Mutiara Putri RAHAYU OKTAVIANI Resti Salmayenti Rina Ratnasih Irwanto Rina Ratnasih Irwanto Sarah Sarah, Sarah SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG, SITI HALIMAH SOFIATIN SOFIATIN Tansy, Belinda Calista TATI S. SYAMSUDIN Tati Suryati Syamsudin YOGI PRASETIO

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