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All Journal Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology MEDICINUS
Amirah Adlia
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Sun protection factor and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of several plant secondary metabolites Raihana Mufliha Fatharani; Ula Aulia Fitrian; Sumail Sidik Ode Ishak; Amirah Adlia
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/VCLQ3ADV

Abstract

Severe exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays leads to skin damage, including hyperpigmentation, freckles, melanoma, age spots, and melasma, all of which are related to the skin pigment enzyme, tyrosinase. Prevention can be achieved by avoiding harsh UV rays and inhibiting tyrosinase catalytic activity. Many compounds have been developed for the treatment of such conditions; however, most come with unwanted side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the sun protection factor (SPF) value and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of plant secondary metabolites with high antioxidant activity, namely rutin, catechin, niazirin, piperine, quercetin, and quercitrin, as potential alternatives. Both tests were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. SPF determination was performed by observing the absorbances across a wavelength range of 290 to 320 nm. The determination of anti-tyrosinase activity was conducted by measuring dopachrome at 490 nm after enzymatic reactions and calculating the IC50 value. In the SPF assay, benzophenone-3 was used as the standard, and piperine, rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin exhibited high protective abilities with SPF values above 30 at 500 µg/mL. In the tyrosinase inhibition assay, kojic acid as the standard showed a strong potential for inhibition with an IC50 of 33.65 µg/mL, while quercetin, rutin, and piperine exhibited weaker inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 178.44, 271.73, and 347.62 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, quercitrin and niazirin showed little to no tyrosinase inhibition activity. However, catechin demonstrated more catalytic activity towards the enzyme. In conclusion, quercetin, rutin, and piperine have the potential to be developed as active ingredients to protect the skin from UV-induced damage due to their satisfactory SPF values and tyrosinase inhibition activity.
Pengembangan Formula Nanoemulsi Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) dan Ekstrak Siwak (Salvadora persica) serta Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Bakteri dari Saliva Mencit Galur BALB/c Siti Fatimah Zahro; Safira Prisya Dewi; Amirah Adlia; Heni Rachmawati
MEDICINUS Vol. 37 No. 1 (2024): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/jp1ap691

Abstract

Mulut merupakan habitat bagi sekitar 700 spesies bakteri yang dapat memicu gangguan jika kebersihan mulut tidak terjaga. Salah satu upaya menjaga kebersihan mulut adalah dengan menggunakan mouthwash atau obat kumur. Saat ini masih banyak beredar obat kumur di pasaran yang mengandung alkohol, padahal penggunaan alkohol dalam obat kumur dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping setelah pemakaian. Di sisi lain, terdapat bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri mulut seperti Salvadora persica dan Syzygium aromaticum. Minyak cengkeh merupakan minyak atsiri yang kurang stabil, sehingga pada penelitian ini dikembangkan formula nanoemulsi minyak cengkeh dengan penambahan ekstrak siwak. Formula akhir nanoemulsi diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri dari saliva mencit galur BALB/c melalui penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Pada formula akhir, diperoleh nanoemulsi dengan ukuran 22,4 nm dengan indeks polidispersitas 0,385, zeta potensial -2,1 mV,dan pH 7,15. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi yang ditambahkan dan tidak ditambahkan ekstrak siwak memiliki KHM terhadap bakteri saliva mencit sebesar 6,25 mg/ml. Hal ini disebabkan karena KHM dari minyak cengkeh adalah 6,25 mg/mL, sedangkan dari ekstrak siwak adalah 12,5 mg/ml sehingga jumlah ekstrak dalam formula tidak dapat menurunkan KHM nanoemulsi. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi stabil terhadap 2 siklus beku-cair dan masih dapat diterima pada penyimpanan selama 4 minggu dalam suhu 4°C. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa formula yang dikembangkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri saliva mencit BALB/c dan memiliki stabilitas yang cukup baik selama 4 minggu dengan suhu penyimpanan 4°C.
Co-Authors HENI RACHMAWATI Raihana Mufliha Fatharani Safira Prisya Dewi Siti Fatimah Zahro Sumail Sidik Ode Ishak Ula Aulia Fitrian