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All Journal JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ad-Dawaa : Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsa Fitria Apriani
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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Antibacterial Activity of Jackfruit Leaf (Artocarpus Heterophyllus LMK.) Ethanol Extract Gel on Propionibacterium acnes Fitrya Fitrya; Elsa Fitria Apriani; Adik Ahmadi; Dina Permata Wijaya; Khazanah Nurain
Ad-Dawaa: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/djps.v6i1.37608

Abstract

Introduction: Artocarpus heterophyllus LMK. leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have the potential to be antibacterial. Aims: This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of A. heterophyllus leaves ethanol extract, which is formulated in a gel preparation. Methods: Antibacterial testing was done on the acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The gel formula is designed with an extract concentration of 5, 10, or 15% with Carbopol 940 and HPMC as the bases. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method. Result: The results of the study showed that the concentration of the extract affected pH, adhesive power, removability, and viscosity. Antibacterial activity tests showed that the gel of A. heterophyllus extract could inhibit Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the antibacterial activity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the gel with an extract concentration of 15% gave the strongest antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 10.9 ± 1.18 mm.
Optimization and Stability Assessment of Clindamycin HCl Transethosome: Exploring the Effects of Ethanol and Tween 80 Concentrations Amriani, Annisa; Ahmadi, Adik; Maulana, Muhammad Arif; Alfarrazi, Fariz; Elsa Fitria Apriani
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v12i22025.162-173

Abstract

Background: Clindamycin HCl is drug commonly used as an anti-acne in conventional topical formulations. However, effectiveness of clindamycin HCl in conventional topical formulations is limited due to poor skin penetration, whereas Propionibacterium acnes colonies in the deeper sebaceous follicle area. To overcome this limitation, transethosome emerged as an innovative drug delivery system capable of enhancing drug permeation through the skin. Objective: This study aimed to optimise clindamycin HCl transethosome formula using a 22-factorial design. Methods: The optimisation was carried out with two factors and two levels, ethanol (20% and 40%) and Tween 80 (15% and 25%), on the responses of particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency. Transethosomes were prepared using the thin-layer hydration method. Furthermore, the optimum transethosomes were tested for stability using the ICH Q1A(R2) method. Results: The optimum formula contains 20% ethanol and 15% Tween 80. The optimum transethosome shows a particle size of 240.933 ± 1.488 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.177 ± 0.013, and an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 89.401 ± 0.118%. The release model follows zero-order kinetics with an activation energy of 2.978758 cal/mol. The shelf life at 25°C ± 2°C / RH 60% ± 5% is 22.536 days, and at 5°C ± 3°C is 24.572 days. Conclusion: The optimum transethosomal formula of clindamycin HCl exhibited good initial physical characteristics, with  particle size below 250 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.3, and high entrapment efficiency (EE). However, the low shelf life indicated a need for further optimisation to achieve long-term stability.
Co-Authors Adik Ahmadi Ahmadi, Adik Alfarrazi, Fariz Amriani, Annisa Dina Permata Wijaya Fitrya . Khazanah Nurain Maulana, Muhammad Arif