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All Journal Medula Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Betta Kurniawan
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Antiretroviral drug adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS based on socio-demographic characteristics Mela Liberti Octoriani Simaremare; Suharmanto Suharmanto; Bayu Anggileo Pramesona; Susianti Susianti; Betta Kurniawan
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science Vol 6, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawata Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/minh.v6i3.11649

Abstract

Background : The government has set a target for accelerating the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia, namely zero new infections, zero people dying from HIV/AIDS, and zero stigma and discrimination. Stigma against people living with HIV has a major impact on HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs, including the quality of life for people living with HIV. Good knowledge will reduce the stigma that appears. Adherence to the use of ARV (antiretroviral) is one of the factors that can significantly extend the life expectancy of people living with HIV (people living with HIV AIDS). ARVs work against infection by slowing the reproduction of HIV in the bodyPurpose: To identify the factors that influence the adherence of people living with HIV to taking ARVs. Method: This is an observational, descriptive, and quantitative research project with a cross-sectional approach. The research will be conducted at the Sukabumi Health Center in Bandar Lampung in 2021. The population in this project is 103 HIV patients. The sampling technique used is total sampling.Results: Meanwhile, there are more PLHIV patients from urban areas than from rural areas. People living with HIV usually need ARV if the CD4 level is 350 mm3.Conclusion: The univariate variables of age group, occupation, education, gender, and origin of residence did not affect whether people living with HIV were non-adherent to treatment.
PROTOZOA USUS SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO MALNUTRISI PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR: TINJAUAN LITERATUR Husaini Gustiar; Linda Septiani; Betta Kurniawan; Jhons Fatriadi Suwandi
Medula Vol 16 No 3 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i3.1783

Abstract

Intestinal protozoal infection is an important health problem among elementary school children, especially in areas with poor sanitation and high population density. Protozoa such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Blastocystis hominis can disrupt nutrient absorption, trigger chronic diarrhea, alter gut microbiota composition, and induce mucosal inflammation, which directly affects children’s nutritional status. This literature review aims to analyze the role of protozoal infections as risk factors for malnutrition by examining publications from 2020 to 2025 indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The method involved selecting articles based on inclusion criteria, methodological quality, and relevance to nutritional status variables. The analysis showed that the prevalence of protozoal infections in children ranged from 3.2 percent to 62.5 percent, with wide geographic variation. Giardia lamblia was associated with stunting, with odds ratios ranging from 1.8 to 2.4. Cryptosporidium spp. contributed to wasting through recurrent chronic diarrhea. Entamoeba histolytica was related to underweight conditions. Blastocystis hominis played a role in mild nutritional deficits through subclinical inflammation and disruption of microbial balance. Behavioral factors such as lack of handwashing with soap, consumption of untreated water, fecal-oral exposure, and prolonged residence in high-risk environments increased the likelihood of malnutrition. This review concludes that intestinal protozoal infections significantly contribute to malnutrition among elementary school children through impaired absorption, chronic diarrhea, mucosal inflammation, and persistent digestive dysfunction.
Personal Hygiene dalam Pencegahan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth Nayla Priyanka Dara Tsanya; Terza Aflika Happy; Betta Kurniawan; Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi
Medula Vol 16 No 3 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i3.1795

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is a disease caused by intestinal nematode worms transmitted through contaminated soil. The STH species that most commonly infect humans include Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. STH infection remains a global public health problem and is estimated to affect more than 1.5 billion people worldwide, particularly in developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates and inadequate sanitation conditions. Among school-aged children, STH infection is one of the most frequently encountered forms of helminthiasis due to suboptimal hygiene-related behaviors. This infection can lead to various adverse health outcomes, including impaired nutrient absorption, poor nutritional status, reduced learning ability, and delays in children’s growth and development. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the role of personal hygiene, including handwashing with soap, nail hygiene, and the use of footwear, in preventing STH infection among  children. The findings indicate that the prevalence of STH infection among children with poor personal hygiene ranges from 24% to more than 80% in several endemic areas. Children who do not wash their hands with soap are reported to have a 6–9 times higher risk of infection compared to those who practice good hygiene. Poor nail hygiene and not wearing footwear are also associated with an increased risk of infection. This literature review emphasizes that personal hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing STH infection and reinfection among children and should be strengthened as part of school-based promotive and preventive strategies.
Article Review: Personal Hygiene sebagai Faktor Risiko Infeksi Protozoa Usus pada Anak Sekolah Luthfi Shiba Andana; Suryadi Islami; Betta Kurniawan; Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi
Medula Vol 16 No 4 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i4.1809

Abstract

Intestinal protozoa infections remain a significant public health problem, particularly among school children in developing countries such as Indonesia. These infections contribute substantially to morbidity related to gastrointestinal disorders, including both acute and chronic diarrhea. Transmission of intestinal protozoa generally occurs through the fecal–oral route and is strongly influenced by personal hygiene practices in daily life. This article aims to determine the association between personal hygiene and the risk of intestinal protozoa infections among elementary school children through a literature review method. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords personal hygiene, intestinal protozoa infections, and school children, covering publications from 2011 to 2025. Relevant articles were selected and critically analyzed to identify the relationship between personal hygiene and the incidence of intestinal protozoa infections. The findings indicate that poor personal hygiene, particularly the habit of not washing hands with soap before meals and after defecation, inadequate nail hygiene, nail biting, and poor food and beverage hygiene, is significantly associated with an increased risk of intestinal protozoa infections. Several studies also reported a statistically significant higher risk of infection among children with poor personal hygiene compared to those with good hygiene practices. In conclusion, personal hygiene is a significant risk factor for intestinal protozoa infections.
Co-Authors Bayu Anggileo Pramesona Husaini Gustiar Jhons Fatriadi Suwandi Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi Linda Septiani Luthfi Shiba Andana Mela Liberti Octoriani Simaremare Nayla Priyanka Dara Tsanya Suharmanto Suharmanto Suryadi Islami Susianti Susianti Terza Aflika Happy