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All Journal International Economic and Finance Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Ahmad Farikhin
Perbanas Institute Jakarta
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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Gharar, Fraud and Dispute in Islamic Business Transaction an Islamic Law Perspectives Ahmad Farikhin; Heni Mulyasari
International Economic and Finance Review Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCE REVIEW (IEFR)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi dan Perbankan Islam Mr. Sjafruddin Prawiranegara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56897/iefr.v1i2.18

Abstract

Islam adheres to the principle of justice in carrying out muamalah activities, especially in the economic field. Fairness is the main principle and foundation of business relationships between sellers and buyers. Fair means that business activities must be fair and mutually beneficial and do not cause harm to one party, so that the injured party feels aggrieved by the other party. One practice that may harm one party in a business is the practice of gharar. Gharar is an attempt to gain profit illegally way according to Islamic law because it causes the transfer of rights in a false way which has been strictly forbidden by Allah Subhanawu wa Ta'ala. Although Muslim scholars and scholars differ in expressing the definition of gharar, it explicitly has a mutual meaning. In Islamic legal texts fraud (tadlis or khilaba), lesion or misrepresentation (ghabn), gross misrepresentation (ghabn fahish), deception (shushsh), imbalance (gharar), and trickery (taghrir) are used interchangeably as to mean fraud. Such practices can lead to disputes. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method by studying the literature, both classical, contemporary, and scientific journals. The results of the study found that gharar was forbidden because of the presumption between the two transacting parties. Disputes are a danger that will lead to bloodshed between Adam's children and grandchildren. The danger must be removed (al-dhararuu yuzalu). Thus the unavoidable minor gharar caused by unavoidable gharar is unavoidable and unavoidable transactions that have been agreed upon between the seller and the buyer. Keywords: Dispute, Fraud, Gharar, Islamic Business, Customer Satisfaction
Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Adhesion Contract Internet Service Provider melalui Prinsip Keadilan dan Klausula Eksonerasi Salman Abdul Rouf A.Q.; Nasrudin Nasrudin; Muhamad Kholid; Ahmad Farikhin
Qanuniya : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Qanuniya : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Hukum Pascasarjana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/qanuniya.v3i1.2840

Abstract

Perkembangan layanan Internet Service Provider (ISP) mendorong penggunaan adhesion contract sebagai bentuk perjanjian baku yang ditetapkan secara sepihak oleh pelaku usaha dan pada umumnya tidak memberikan ruang negosiasi yang seimbang bagi konsumen. Pola kontraktual tersebut menimbulkan persoalan hukum ketika terdapat klausula eksonerasi yang membatasi, mengurangi, atau mengalihkan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha kepada konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan dan keberlakuan klausula eksonerasi dalam adhesion contract ISP serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen berdasarkan prinsip keadilan kontraktual dan Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta menganalisis secara deskriptif-analitis norma hukum perjanjian, ketentuan perlindungan konsumen, serta karakteristik kontrak baku dalam layanan ISP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan adhesion contract pada layanan ISP secara hukum dapat dibenarkan sebagai bentuk efisiensi dalam transaksi massal, tetapi keberlakuannya dibatasi oleh prinsip keseimbangan, itikad baik, kepatutan, dan ketentuan mengenai larangan klausula baku sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 18 UUPK. Klausula yang mengalihkan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha, membatasi hak konsumen, atau memberikan kewenangan untuk mengubah ketentuan secara sepihak berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan kontraktual dan mengurangi daya mengikat. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan hukum perdata melalui penguatan konstruksi perlindungan konsumen dalam kontrak baku layanan digital dan memberikan dasar normatif bagi pembentukan kontrak ISP yang transparan, proporsional, dan berkeadilan.
Co-Authors Heni Mulyasari Muhamad Kholid Nasrudin Nasrudin Salman Abdul Rouf A.Q.